23
Views
180
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cell Growth and Development

Arrest of G1-S Progression by the p53-Inducible Gene PC3 Is Rb Dependent and Relies on the Inhibition of Cyclin D1 Transcription

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 1797-1815 | Received 22 Oct 1999, Accepted 01 Dec 1999, Published online: 28 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Abken, H., and Reifenrath, B.. 1992. A procedure to standardize CAT reporter gene assay. Nucleic Acids Res. 20: 3527
  • Abramovich, C., Yakobson, B., Chebath, J., and Revel, M.. 1997. A protein-arginine methyltransferase binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of the IFNAR1 chain in the type I interferon receptor. EMBO J. 16:260–266
  • Agarwal, M. L., Agarwal, A., Taylor, W. R., and Stark, G. R.. 1995. p53 controls both the G2/M and the G1 cell cycle checkpoints and mediates reversible growth arrest in human fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:8493–8497
  • Agarwal, M. L., Taylor, W. R., Chernow, M. V., Chernova, O. B., and Stark, G. R.. 1998. The p53 network. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1–4
  • Alevizopoulos, K., Vlach, J., Hennecke, S., and Amati, B.. 1997. Cyclin E and c-Myc promote cell proliferation in the presence of p16INK4a and of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma family proteins. EMBO J. 16:5322–5333
  • Baker, S. J., Markowitz, S., Fearon, E. R., Willson, J. K., and Vogelstein, B.. 1990. Suppression of human colorectal carcinoma cell growth by wild-type p53. Science 249:912–915
  • Baldin, V., Lukas, J., Marcote, M. J., Pagano, M., and Draetta, G.. 1993. Cyclin D1 is a nuclear protein required for cell cycle progression in G1. Genes Dev. 7:812–821
  • Bartek, J., Bartkova, J., and Lukas, J.. 1996. The retinoblastoma protein pathway and the restriction point. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:805–814
  • Bradbury, A., Possenti, R., Shooter, E. M., and Tirone, F.. 1991. Molecular cloning of PC3, a putatively secreted protein whose mRNA is induced by nerve growth factor and depolarization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:3353–3357
  • Bradford, M. M.. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254
  • Bravo, R., Frank, R., Blundell, P. A., and Macdonald-Bravo, H.. 1987. Cyclin/PCNA is the auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase-delta. Nature 326:515–517
  • Brugarolas, J., Chandrasekaran, C., Gordon, J. I., Beach, D., Jacks, T., and Hannon, G. J.. 1995. Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest compromised by p21 deficiency. Nature 377:552–557
  • Buchkovich, K., Duffy, L. A., and Harlow, E.. 1989. The retinoblastoma protein is phosphorylated during specific phases of the cell cycle. Cell 58:1097–1105
  • Caruso, M., Martelli, F., Giordano, A., and Felsani, A.. 1993. Regulation of MyoD gene transcription and protein function by the transforming domains of the adenovirus E1A oncoprotein. Oncogene 8:267–278
  • Chen, P.-L., Riley, D. J., Chen, Y., and Lee, W.-H.. 1996. Retinoblastoma protein positively regulates terminal adipocyte differentiation through direct interaction with C/EBPs. Genes Dev. 10:2794–2804
  • Chen, P.-L., Scully, P., Shew, J.-Y., Wang, J. Y. J., and Lee, W.-H.. 1989. Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product is modulated during the cell cycle and cellular differentiation. Cell 58:1193–1198
  • Chen, X., Bargonetti, J., and Prives, C.. 1995. p53, through p21 (WAF1/CIP1), induces cyclin D1 synthesis. Cancer Res. 55:4257–4263
  • Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N.. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162:156–159
  • Connell-Crowley, L., Harper, J. W., and Goodrich, D. W.. 1997. Cyclin D1/Cdk4 regulates retinoblastoma protein-mediated cell cycle arrest by site-specific phosphorylation. Mol. Biol. Cell 8:287–301
  • Dean, P. N., Gray, J. W., and Dolbeare, F. A.. 1982. The analysis and interpretation of DNA distributions measured by flow cytometry. Cytometry 3:188–195
  • DeCaprio, J. A., Ludlow, J. W., Lynch, D., Furukawa, Y., Griffin, J., Piwnica-Worms, H., Huang, C. M., and Livingston, D. M.. 1989. The product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene has properties of a cell cycle regulatory element. Cell 58:1085–1095
  • Del Sal, G., Loda, M., and Pagano, M.. 1996. Cell cycle and cancer: critical events at the G1 restriction point. Crit. Rev. Oncog. 7:127–142
  • Del Sal, G., Murphy, M., Ruaro, E., Lazarevic, D., Levine, A. J., and Schneider, C.. 1996. Cyclin D1 and p21/waf1 are both involved in p53 growth suppression. Oncogene 12:177–185
  • Deng, C., Zhang, P., Harper, J. W., Elledge, S. J., and Leder, P.. 1995. Mice lacking p21CIP1/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control. Cell 82:675–684
  • Desai, D., Gu, Y., and Morgan, D. O.. 1992. Activation of human cyclin-dependent kinases in vitro. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:571–582
  • Diehl, J. A., Zindy, F., and Sherr, C. J.. 1997. Inhibition of cyclin D1 phosphorylation on threonine-286 prevents its rapid degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Genes Dev. 11:957–972
  • El-Deiry, W. S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V. E., Levy, D. B., Parsons, R., Trent, J. M., Lin, D., Mercer, W. E., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B.. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75:817–825
  • Elledge, S. J., Richman, R., Hall, F. L., Williams, R. T., Lodgson, N., and Harper, J. W.. 1992. CDK2 encodes a 33-kDa cyclin A-associated protein kinase and is expressed before CDC2 in the cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2907–2911
  • Ewen, M. E., Sluss, H. K., Whitehouse, L. L., and Livingston, D. M.. 1993. TGFβ inhibition of Cdk4 synthesis is linked to cell cycle arrest. Cell 74:1009–1020
  • Feig, L. A., and Cooper, G. M.. 1988. Inhibition of NIH 3T3 cell proliferation by a mutant ras protein with preferential affinity for GDP. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3235–3243
  • Filmus, J., Robles, A. I., Shi, W., Wong, M. J., Colombo, L. L., and Conti, C. J.. 1994. Induction of cyclin D1 overexpression by activated ras. Oncogene 9:3627–3633
  • Fletcher, B. S., Lim, R. W., Varnum, B. C., Kujubu, D. A., Koski, R. A., and Herschman, H. R.. 1991. Structure and expression of TIS21, a primary response gene induced by growth factors and tumor promoters. J. Biol. Chem. 266:14511–14518
  • Genini, M., Schwalbe, P., Scholl, F. A., Remppis, A., Mattei, M. G., and Schäfer, B. W.. 1997. Subtractive cloning and characterization of DRAL, a novel LIM-domain protein down-regulated in rhabdomyosarcoma. DNA Cell Biol. 16:433–442
  • Graham, F. L., and Vander Eb, A. J.. 1973. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus DNA. Virology 52:456–467
  • Graham, F. L., Smiley, J., Russell, W. C., and Nairn, R.. 1977. Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5. J. Gen. Virol. 36:59–74
  • Greene, L. A.. 1978. Nerve growth factor prevents the death and stimulates the neuronal differentiation of clonal PC12 pheochromocytoma cells in serum-free medium. J. Cell Biol. 78:747–755
  • Greene, L. A., and Tischler, A. S.. 1976. Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:2424–2428
  • Gu, W., Schneider, J. W., Condorelli, G., Kaushal, S., Mahdavi, V., and Nadal-Ginard, B.. 1993. Interaction of myogenic factors and the retinoblastoma protein mediates muscle cell commitment and differentiation. Cell 72:309–324
  • Gu, Y., Turck, C. W., and Morgan, D. O.. 1993. Inhibition of CDK2 activity in vivo by an associated 20K regulatory subunit. Nature 366:707–710
  • Guan, K.-L., Jenkins, C. W., Li, Y., Nichols, M. A., Wu, X., O'Keefe, C. L., Matera, A. G., and Xiong, Y.. 1994. Growth suppression by p18, a p16INK4/MTS1- and p14INK4B/MTS2-related CDK6 inhibitor, correlates with wild-type pRb function. Genes Dev. 8:2939–2952
  • Guardavaccaro, D., Montagnoli, A., Ciotti, M. T., Lotti, L., Di Lazzaro, C., Torrisi, M.-R., Gatti, A., and Tirone, F.. 1994. Nerve growth factor regulates the sub-cellular localization of the nerve growth factor-inducible protein PC4 in PC12 cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 37:660–674
  • Harper, J. W., Adami, G. R., Wei, N., Keyomarsi, K., and Elledge, S. J.. 1993. The p21 cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75:805–816
  • Herrera, R. E., Sah, V. P., Williams, B. O., Mäkelä, T. P., Weinberg, R. A., and Jacks, T.. 1996. Altered cell cycle kinetics, gene expression, and G1 restriction point regulation in Rb-deficient fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:2402–2407
  • Herwig, S., and Strauss, M.. 1997. The retinoblastoma protein: a master regulator of cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Eur. J. Biochem. 246:581–601
  • Hinds, P. W., Mittnacht, S., Dulic, V., Arnold, A., Reed, S. I., and Weinberg, A.. 1992. Regulation of retinoblastoma protein functions by ectopic expression of human cyclins. Cell 70:993–1006
  • Holmes, J., and Solomon, M. J.. 1996. A predictive scale for evaluating cyclin-dependent kinase substrates. J. Biol. Chem. 271:25240–25246
  • Iacopetti, P., Barsacchi, G., Tirone, F., Maffei, L., and Cremisi, F.. 1994. Developmental expression of PC3 gene is correlated with neuronal cell birthday. Mech. Dev. 47:127–137
  • Iacopetti, P., Michelini, M., Stuckmann, I., Oback, B., Aaku-Saraste, E., and Huttner, W. B.. 1999. Expression of the antiproliferative gene TIS21 at the onset of neurogenesis identifies single neuroepithelial cells that switch from proliferative to neuron-generating division. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:4639–4644
  • Kato, J., Matsushime, H., Hiebert, S. W., Ewen, M. E., and Sherr, C. J.. 1993. Direct binding of cyclin D to the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) and pRb phosphorylation by the cyclin D-dependent kinase CDK4. Genes Dev. 7:331–342
  • Koff, A., Ohtsuki, M., Polyak, K., Roberts, J. M., and Massaguè, J.. 1993. Negative regulation of G1 in mammalian cells: inhibition of cyclin E-dependent kinase by TGF-β. Science 260:536–538
  • Kouzarides, T.. 1995. Transcriptional control by the retinoblastoma protein. Semin. Cancer Biol. 6:91–98
  • LaThangue, N. B.. 1994. DRTF1/E2F: an expanding family of heterodimeric transcription factors implicated in cell cycle control. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:108–114
  • Lee, E. Y.-H. P., Chang, C.-Y., Hu, N., Wang, J., Lai, C.-C., Herrup, K., Lee, W.-H., and Bradley, A.. 1992. Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis. Nature 359:288–294
  • Lee, E. Y.-H. P., Hu, N., Yuan, S.-S. F., Cox, L. A., Bradley, A., Lee, W.-H., and Herrup, K.. 1994. Dual roles of the retinoblastoma protein in cell cycle regulation and neuron differentiation. Genes Dev. 8:2008–2021
  • Leone, G., DeGregori, J., Sears, R., Jakoi, L., and Nevins, J. R.. 1997. Myc and Ras collaborate in inducing accumulation of active cyclin E/Cdk2 and E2F. Nature 387:422–426
  • Levine, A. J.. 1997. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88:323–331
  • Lim, I. K., Lee, M. S., Ryu, M. S., Park, T. J., Fujiki, H., Eguchi, H., and Paik, W. K.. 1998. Induction of growth inhibition of 293 cells by downregulation of the cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 proteins due to overexpression of TIS21. Mol. Carcinog. 23:25–35
  • Lin, W. J., Gary, J. D., Yang, M. C., Clarke, S., and Herschman, H. R.. 1996. The mammalian immediate-early TIS21 protein and the leukemia-associated BTG1 protein interact with a protein-arginine N-methyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 271:15034–15044
  • Liu, H. Y., Badarinarayana, V., Audino, D. C., Rappsilber, J., Mann, M., and Denis, C. L.. 1998. The NOT proteins are part of the CCR4 transcriptional complex and affect gene expression both positively and negatively. EMBO J. 17:1096–1106
  • Liu, H. Y., Toyn, J. H., Chiang, Y. C., Draper, M. P., Johnston, L. H., and Denis, C. L.. 1997. DBF2, a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase, is physically and functionally associated with the CCR4 transcriptional regulatory complex. EMBO J. 16:5289–5298
  • Lukas, J., Bartkova, J., Rohde, M., Strauss, M., and Bartek, J.. 1995. Cyclin D1 is dispensable for G1 control in retinoblastoma gene-deficient cells independently of cdk4 activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2600–2611
  • Lukas, J., Herzinger, T., Hansen, K., Moroni, M. C., Resnitzky, D., Helin, K., Reed, S. I., and Bartek, J.. 1997. Cyclin E-induced S phase without activation of the pRb/E2F pathway. Genes Dev. 11:1479–1492
  • Lundberg, A. S., and Weinberg, R. A.. 1998. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:753–761
  • Matsuda, S., Kawamura-Tsuzuku, J., Oshugi, M., Yoshida, M., Emi, M., Nakamura, Y., Onda, M., Yoshida, Y., Nishiyama, A., and Yamamoto, T.. 1996. Tob, a novel protein that interacts with p185erbB2, is associated with antiproliferative activity. Oncogene 12:705–713
  • Matsushime, H., Ewen, M. E., Strom, D. K., Kato, J.-Y., Hanks, S. K., Roussel, M. F., and Sherr, C. J.. 1992. Identification and properties of an atypical catalytic subunit (p34PKSJ3/CDK4) for mammalian D-type G1 cyclins. Cell 71:323–334
  • Matsushime, H., Quelle, D. E., Shurtleff, S. A., Shibuya, M., Sherr, C. J., and Kato, J.-Y.. 1994. D-type cyclin-dependent kinase activity in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:2066–2076
  • Mesner, P. W., Winters, T. R., and Green, S. H.. 1992. NGF withdrawal-induced cell death in neuronal PC12 cells resembles that in sympathetic neurons. J. Cell Biol. 119:1669–1680
  • Meyerson, M., Enders, G. H., Wu, C.-L., Su, L.-K., Gorka, C., Nelson, C., Harlow, E., and Tsai, L.-H.. 1991. A family of human cdc2-related protein kinases. EMBO J. 11:2909–2917
  • Meyerson, M., and Harlow, E.. 1994. Identification of G1 kinase activity for cdk6, a novel cyclin D1 partner. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:2077–2086
  • Mittnacht, S.. 1998. Control of pRB phosphorylation. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8:21–27
  • Mittnacht, S., Paterson, H., Olson, M. F., and Marshall, C. J.. 1997. Ras signalling is required for the inactivation of the tumour suppressor pRb cell-cycle control protein. Curr. Biol. 7:219–221
  • Montagnoli, A., Guardavaccaro, D., Starace, G., and Tirone, F.. 1996. Overexpression of the nerve growth factor-inducible PC3 immediate early gene is associated to inhibition of cell proliferation. Cell Growth Differ. 7:1327–1336
  • Moran, E.. 1993. Interaction of adenoviral proteins with pRB and p53. FASEB J. 7:880–885
  • Morgenbesser, S. D., Williams, B. O., Jacks, T., and DePinho, R. A.. 1994. p53-dependent apoptosis produced by Rb-deficiency in the developing mouse lens. Nature 371:72–74
  • Morgenstern, J. P., and Land, H.. 1990. Advanced mammalian gene transfer: high titre retroviral vectors with multiple drug selection markers and a complementary helper-free packaging cell line. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3587–3596
  • Müller, H., Lukas, J., Schneider, A., Warthoe, P., Bartek, J., Eilers, M., and Strauss, M.. 1994. Cyclin D1 expression is regulated by the retinoblastoma protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2945–2949
  • Novitch, B. G., Mulligan, G. J., Jacks, T., and Lassar, A. B.. 1996. Skeletal muscle cells lacking the retinoblastoma protein display defects in muscle gene expression and accumulate in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 135:441–456
  • Pagano, M., Pepperkok, R., Verde, F., Ansorge, W., and Draetta, G. F.. 1992. Cyclin A is required at two points in human cell cycle. EMBO J. 11:961–971
  • Pagano, M., Theodoras, A. M., Tam, S. W., and Draetta, G. F.. 1994. Cyclin D1-mediated inhibition of repair and replicative DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. Genes Dev. 8:1627–1639
  • Pear, W. S., Nolan, G. P., Scott, M. L., and Baltimore, D.. 1993. Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8392–8396
  • Peeper, D. S., Upton, T. M., Ladha, M. H., Neuman, E., Zalvide, J., Bernards, R., DeCaprio, J. A., and Ewen, M.. 1997. Ras signalling linked to the cell cycle machinery by the retinoblastoma protein. Nature 386:177–181
  • Pines, J., and Hunter, T.. 1989. Isolation of human cyclin cDNA: evidence for cyclin mRNA and protein regulation in the cell cycle and for interaction with p34cdc2. Cell 58:833–846
  • Poon, R. Y., Toyoshima, H., and Hunter, T.. 1995. Redistribution of the CDK inhibitor p27 between different cyclin-CDK complexes in the mouse fibroblast cell cycle and in cells arrested with lovastatin or ultraviolet irradiation. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:1197–1213
  • Prelich, G., Tan, C.-K., Kostura, M., Mathews, M. B., So, A. G., Downey, K. M., and Stillman, B.. 1987. Functional identity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and a DNA polymerase-delta auxiliary protein. Nature 326:517–520
  • Qin, X.-Q., Chittenden, T., Livingston, D., and Kaelin, W. G.. 1992. Identification of a growth suppression domain within the retinoblastoma gene product. Genes Dev. 6:953–964
  • Quelle, D. E., Ashmun, R. A., Hannon, G. J., Rehberger, P. A., Trono, D., Richter, K. H., Walker, C., Beach, D., Sherr, C. J., and Serrano, M.. 1995. Cloning and characterization of murine p16INK4a and p15INK4b genes. Oncogene 11:635–645
  • Quelle, D. E., Ashmun, R. A., Shurtleff, S. A., Kato, J.-Y., Bar-Sagi, D., Roussel, M. F., and Sherr, C. J.. 1993. Overexpression of mouse D-type cyclins accelerates G1 phase in rodent fibroblasts. Genes Dev. 7:1559–1571
  • Resnitzky, D., and Reed, S. I.. 1995. Different roles for cyclin D1 and E in regulation of the G1-to-S transition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:3463–3469
  • Reynisdòttir, I., Polyak, K., Iavarone, A., and Massaguè, J.. 1995. Kip/Cip and Ink4 Cdk inhibitor cooperate to induce cell cycle arrest in response to TGF-β. Genes Dev. 9:1831–1845
  • Riabowol, K., Draetta, G., Brizuela, L., Vandre, D., and Beach, D.. 1989. The cdc2 kinase is a nuclear protein that is essential for mitosis in mammalian cells. Cell 57:393–401
  • Riley, D. J., Lee, E. Y.-H. P., and Lee, W.-H.. 1994. The retinoblastoma protein: more than a tumor suppressor. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 10:1–29
  • Rouault, J.-P., Falette, N., Guéhenneux, F., Guillot, C., Rimokh, R., Wang, Q., Berthet, C., Moyret-Lalle, C., Savatier, P., Pain, B., Shaw, P., Berger, R., Samarut, J., Magaud, J.-P., Ozturk, M., Samarut, C., and Puisieux, A.. 1996. Identification of BTG2, an antiproliferative p53-dependent component of the DNA damage cellular response pathway. Nat. Genet. 14:482–486
  • Rouault, J.-P., Prevot, D., Berthet, C., Birot, A. M., Billaud, M., Magaud, J.-P., and Corbo, L.. 1998. Interaction of BTG1 and p53-regulated BTG2 gene products with mCaf1, the murine homolog of a component of the yeast CCR4 transcriptional regulatory complex. J. Biol. Chem. 273:22563–22569
  • Rouault, J.-P., Rimokh, R., Tessa, C., Paranhos, G., Ffrench, M., Duret, L., Garoccio, M., Germain, D., Samarut, J., and Magaud, J.-P.. 1992. BTG1, a member of a new family of antiproliferative genes. EMBO J. 11:1663–1670
  • Rudkin, B. B., Lazarovici, P., Levi, B.-Z., Abe, Y., Fujita, K., and Guroff, G.. 1989. Cell cycle-specific action of nerve growth factor in PC12 cells: differentiation without proliferation. EMBO J. 8:3319–3325
  • Rusconi, S., Severne, Y., Georgiev, O., Galli, I., and Wieland, S.. 1990. A novel expression assay to study transcriptional activators. Gene 89:211–221
  • Sanchez, I., and Dynlacht, B. D.. 1996. Transcriptional control of the cell cycle. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:318–324
  • Schild, D.. 1995. Suppression of a new allele of the yeast RAD52 gene by overexpression of RAD51, mutations in srs2 and ccr4, or mating-type heterozygosity. Genetics 140:115–127
  • Serrano, M., Hannon, G. J., and Beach, D.. 1993. A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4. Nature 366:704–707
  • Shapiro, G. I., Edwards, C. D., Ewen, M. E., and Rollins, B. J.. 1998. p16INK4A participates in a G1 arrest checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:378–387
  • Sherr, C. J.. 1995. D-type cyclins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:187–190
  • Sherr, C. J.. 1996. Cancer cell cycles. Science 274:1672–1677
  • Sherr, C. J., and Roberts, J. M.. 1995. Inhibitors of mammalian G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Genes Dev. 9:1149–1163
  • Shivji, M. K. K., Kenny, M. K., and Wood, R. D.. 1992. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen is required for DNA excision repair. Cell 69:367–374
  • Stamenkovic, I., and Seed, B.. 1988. Analysis of two cDNA clones encoding the B lymphocyte antigen CD20 (B1, Bp35), a type III integral membrane protein. J. Exp. Med. 167:1975–1980
  • Tam, S. W., Shay, J. W., and Pagano, M.. 1994. Differential expression and cell cycle regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor p16Ink4. Cancer Res. 54:5816–5820
  • Tam, S. W., Theodoras, A. M., Shay, J. W., Draetta, G. F., and Pagano, M.. 1994. Differential expression and regulation of cyclin D1 protein in normal and tumor human cells: association with Cdk4 is required for cyclin D1 function in G1 progression. Oncogene 9:2663–2674
  • Tirone, F., and Shooter, E. M.. 1989. Early gene regulation by nerve growth factor: induction of an interferon related gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2088–2092
  • Toyoshima, H., and Hunter, T.. 1994. p27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin-CDK protein kinase activity, is related to p21. Cell 78:67–74
  • Van den Heuvel, S., and Harlow, E.. 1993. Distinct roles for cyclin-dependent kinases in cell cycle control. Science 262:2050–2054
  • Vlach, J., Hennecke, S., Alevizopoulos, K., Conti, D., and Amati, B.. 1996. Growth arrest by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is abrogated by c-Myc. EMBO J. 15:6595–6604
  • Waldman, T., Kinzler, K. W., and Vogelstein, B.. 1995. p21 is necessary for the p53-mediated G1 arrest in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 55:5187–5190
  • Watanabe, G., Albanese, C., Lee, R. J., Reutens, A., Vairo, G., Henglein, B., and Pestell, R. G.. 1998. Inhibition of cyclin D1 kinase activity is associated with E2F-mediated inhibition of cyclin D1 promoter activity through E2F and Sp1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:3212–3222
  • Weinberg, R. A.. 1995. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 81:323–330
  • Xiong, Y., Hannon, G. J., Zhang, H., Casso, D., Kobayashi, R., and Beach, D.. 1993. p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. Nature 366:701–704
  • Xiong, Y., Zhang, H., and Beach, D.. 1992. D-type cyclins associate with multiple protein kinases and the DNA replication and repair factor PCNA. Cell 71:505–514
  • Yan, G. Z., and Ziff, E. B.. 1997. Nerve growth factor induces transcription of the p21 WAF1/CIP1 and cyclin D1 genes in PC12 cells by activating the SP1 transcription factor. J. Neurosci. 17:6122–6132
  • Yoshida, Y., Matsuda, S., Ikematsu, N., Kawamura-Tsuzuku, J., Inazawa, J., Umemori, H., and Yamamoto, T.. 1998. ANA, a novel member of Tob/BTG1 family, is expressed in the ventricular zone of the developing central nervous system. Oncogene 16:2687–2693
  • Zacksenhaus, E., Jiang, Z., Chung, D., Marth, J. D., Phillips, R. A., and Gallie, B. L.. 1996. pRb controls proliferation, differentiation, and death of skeletal muscle cells and other lineages during embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 10:3051–3064
  • Zhan, Q., Carrier, F., Fornace, A. J.Jr.. 1993. Induction of cellular p53 activity by DNA-damaging agents and growth arrest. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4242–4250
  • Zhang, H., Hannon, G. J., and Beach, D.. 1994. p21-containing cyclin kinases exist in both active and inactive states. Genes Dev. 8:1750–1758
  • Zhu, L., van den Heuvel, S., Helin, K., Fattaey, A., Ewen, M., Livingston, D., Dyson, N., and Harlow, E.. 1993. Inhibition of cell proliferation by p107, a relative of the retinoblastoma protein. Genes Dev. 7:1111–1125

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.