Nkx2.5 and Nkx2.6, Homologs of Drosophila tinman, Are Required for Development of the Pharynx

REFERENCES

• Biben, C., T. Hatzistavrou, and R. P. Harvey. 1998. Expression of NK-2 class homeobox gene Nkx2–6 in foregut endoderm and heart. Mech. Dev. 73:125–127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bodmer, R.. 1993. The gene tinman is required for specification of the heart and visceral muscles in Drosophila. Development 118:719–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang, C., Y. Litingtung, E. Lee, K. E. Young, J. L. Corden, H. Westphal, and P. A. Beachy. 1996. Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic hedgehog gene function. Nature 383:407–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chisaka, O., and M. R. Capecchi. 1991. Regionally restricted developmental defects resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse homeobox gene hox-1.5. Nature 350:473–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, R. P.. 1996. NK-2 homeobox genes and heart development. Dev. Biol. 178:203–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komuro, I., and S. Izumo. 1993. Csx: a murine homeobox-containing gene specifically expressed in the developing heart. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8145–8149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lints, T. J., L. M. Parsons, L. Hartley, I. Lyons, and R. P. Harvey. 1993. Nkx-2.5: a novel murine homeobox gene expressed in early heart progenitor cells and their myogenic descendants. Development 119:969
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Litingtung, Y., L. Lei, H. Westphal, and C. Chiang. 1998. Sonic hedgehog is essential to foregut development. Nat. Genet. 20:58–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, I., L. M. Parsons, L. Hartley, R. Li, J. E. Andrews, L. Robb, and R. P. Harvey. 1995. Myogenic and morphogenetic defects in the heart tubes of murine embryos lacking the homeo box gene Nkx2–5. Genes Dev. 9:1654–1666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, K., and T. Persaud. 1998. The developing human, 215–256. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa
   Google Scholar
• Nascone, N., and M. Mercola. 1995. An inductive role for the endoderm in Xenopus cardiogenesis. Development 121:515–523.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nikolova, M., X. Chen, and T. Lufkin. 1997. Nkx2.6 expression is transiently and specifically restricted to the branchial region of pharyngeal-stage mouse embryos. Mech. Dev. 69:215–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okkema, P. G., and A. Fire. 1994. The Caenorhabditis elegans NK-2 class homeoprotein CEH-22 is involved in combinatorial activation of gene expression in pharyngeal muscle. Development 120:2175–2186.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okkema, P. G., E. Ha, C. Haun, W. Chen, and A. Fire. 1997. The Caenorhabditis elegans NK-2 homeobox gene ceh-22 activates pharyngeal muscle gene expression in combination with pha-1 and is required for normal pharyngeal development. Development 124:3965–3973.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peters, H., A. Neubuser, K. Kratochwil, and R. Balling. 1998. Pax9-deficient mice lack pharyngeal pouch derivatives and teeth and exhibit craniofacial and limb abnormalities. Genes Dev. 12:2735–2747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudnicki, M. A., P. N. Schnegelsberg, R. H. Stead, T. Braun, H. H. Arnold, and R. Jaenisch. 1993. MyoD or Myf-5 is required for the formation of skeletal muscle. Cell 75:1351–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaeger, T. M., Y. Qin, Y. Fujiwara, J. Magram, and T. N. Sato. 1995. Vascular endothelial cell lineage-specific promoter in transgenic mice. Development 121:1089–1098.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schultheiss, T. M., S. Xydas, and A. B. Lassar. 1995. Induction of avian cardiac myogenesis by anterior endoderm. Development 121:4203–4214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugi, Y., and J. Lough. 1994. Anterior endoderm is a specific effector of terminal cardiac myocyte differentiation of cells from the embryonic heart forming region. Dev. Dyn. 200:155–162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanaka, M., Z. Chen, S. Bartunkova, N. Yamasaki, and S. Izumo. 1999. The cardiac homeobox gene Csx/Nkx2.5 lies genetically upstream of multiple genes essential for heart development. Development 126:1269–1280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., H. Kasahara, S. Bartunkova, M. Schinke, I. Komuro, H. Inagaki, Y. Lee, G. E. Lyons, and S. Izumo. 1998. Vertebrate homologs of tinman and bagpipe: roles of the homeobox genes in cardiovascular development. Dev. Genet. 22:239–249.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanaka, M., N. Yamasaki, and S. Izumo. 2000. Phenotypic characterization of the murine Nkx2.6 homeobox gene by gene targeting. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:2874–2879.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinstein, D. C., A. Ruiz i Altaba, W. S. Chen, P. Hoodless, V. R. Prezioso, T. M. Jessell, and J. E. Darnell Jr.. 1994. The winged-helix transcription factor HNF-3 beta is required for notochord development in the mouse embryo. Cell 78:575–588.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar