The Elongation Domain of ELL Is Dispensable but Its ELL-Associated Factor 1 Interaction Domain Is Essential for MLL-ELL-Induced Leukemogenesis

REFERENCES

• Aso, T., W. S. Lane, J. W. Conaway, and R. C. Conaway. 1995. Elongin (SIII): a multisubunit regulator of elongation by RNA polymerase II. Science 269:1439–1443.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butler, L. H., R. Slany, X. Cui, M. L. Cleary, and D. Y. Mason. 1997. The HRX proto-oncogene product is widely expressed in human tissues and localizes to nuclear structures. Blood 89:3361–3370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, O. A., and R. Berger. 1995. Molecular basis of 11q23 rearrangements in hematopoietic malignant proliferations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 13:75–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corral, J., I. Lavenir, H. Impey, A. J. Warren, A. Forster, T. A. Larson, S. Bell, A. N. McKenzie, G. King, and T. H. Rabbitts. 1996. An Mll-Af9 fusion gene made by homologous recombination causes acute leukemia in chimeric mice: a method to create fusion oncogenes. Cell 85:853–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMartino, J. F., and M. L. Cleary. 1999. MLL rearrangements in haematological malignancies: lessons from clinical and biological studies. Br. J. Haematol. 106:614–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMartino, J. F., T. Miller, P. M. Ayton, T. Landewe, J. L. Hess, M. L. Cleary, and A. Shilatifard. 2000. A carboxy-terminal domain of ELL is required and sufficient for immortalization of myeloid progenitors by MLL-ELL. Blood 96:3887–3893.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dobson, C. L., A. J. Warren, R. Pannell, A. Forster, and T. H. Rabbitts. 2000. Tumorigenesis in mice with a fusion of the leukaemia oncogene Mll and the bacterial lacZ gene. EMBO J. 19:843–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domer, P. H., S. S. Fakharzadeh, C. S. Chen, J. Jockel, L. Johansen, G. A. Silverman, J. H. Kersey, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 1993. Acute mixed-lineage leukemia t(4;11)(q21;q23) generates an MLL-AF4 fusion product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7884–7888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, Y., T. Nakamura, H. Alder, R. Prasad, O. Canaani, G. Cimino, C. M. Croce, and E. Canaani. 1992. The t(4;11) chromosome translocation of human acute leukemias fuses the ALL-1 gene, related to Drosophila trithorax, to the AF-4 gene. Cell 71:701–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon, C., and K. Agarwal. 1996. Fidelity of RNA polymerase II transcription controlled by elongation factor TFIIS. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13677–13682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavau, C., S. J. Szilvassy, R. Slany, and M. L. Cleary. 1997. Immortalization and leukemic transformation of a myelomonocytic precursor by retrovirally transduced HRX-ENL. EMBO J. 16:4226–4237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavau, C, C. Du, M. Thirman, and N. Zeleznik-Le. 2000. Chromatin-related properties of CBP fused to MLL generate a myelodysplastic-like syndrome that evolves into myeloid leukemia. EMBO J. 19:4655–4664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavau, C., R. T. Luo, C. Du, and M. J. Thirman. 2000. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of MLL-ELL transforms primary myeloid progenitors and causes acute myeloid leukemias in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10984–10989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, C., and L. M. Staudt. 1996. LAF-4 encodes a lymphoid nuclear protein with transactivation potential that is homologous to AF-4, the gene fused to MLL in t(4;11) leukemias. Blood 87:734–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura, T., H. Alder, Y. Gu, R. Prasad, O. Canaani, N. Kamada, R. P. Gale, B. Lange, W. M. Crist, P. C. Nowell, C. M. Croce, and E. Canaani. 1993. Genes on chromosomes 4, 9, and 19 involved in 11q23 abnormalities in acute leukemia share sequence homology and/or common motifs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:4631–4635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orphanides, G., W. H. Wu, W. S. Lane, M. Hampsey, and D. Reinberg. 1999. The chromatin-specific transcription elongation factor FACT comprises human SPT16 and SSRP1 proteins. Nature 400:284–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, R., T. Yano, C. Sorio, T. Nakamura, R. Rallapalli, Y. Gu, D. Leshkowitz, C. M. Croce, and E. Canaani. 1995. Domains with transcriptional regulatory activity within the ALL1 and AF4 proteins involved in acute leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:12160–12164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reines, D., J. W. Conaway, and R. C. Conaway. 1999. Mechanism and regulation of transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:342–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogaia, D., F. Grignani, R. Carbone, D. Riganelli, F. LoCoco, T. Nakamura, C. M. Croce, P. P. Di Fiore, and P. G. Pelicci. 1997. The localization of the HRX/ALL1 protein to specific nuclear subdomains is altered by fusion with its eps15 translocation partner. Cancer Res. 57:799–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubnitz, J. E., J. Morrissey, P. A. Savage, and M. L. Cleary. 1994. ENL, the gene fused with HRX in t(11;19) leukemias, encodes a nuclear protein with transcriptional activation potential in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Blood 84:1747–1752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilatifard, A., W. S. Lane, K. W. Jackson, R. C. Conaway, and J. W. Conaway. 1996. An RNA polymerase II elongation factor encoded by the human ELL gene. Science 271:1873–1876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilatifard, A., D. Haque, R. C. Conaway, and J. W. Conaway. 1997. Structure and function of RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL. Identification of two overlapping ELL functional domains that govern its interaction with polymerase and the ternary elongation complex. J. Biol. Chem. 272:22355–22363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilatifard, A., D. R. Duan, D. Haque, C. Florence, W. H. Schubach, J. W. Conaway, and R. C. Conaway. 1997. ELL2, a new member of an ELL family of RNA polymerase II elongation factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:3639–3643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simone, F., P. E. Polak, J. J. Kaberlein, R. T. Luo, D. A. Levitan, and M. J. Thirman. 2001. EAF1, a novel ELL-associated factor that is delocalized by expression of the MLL-ELL fusion protein. Blood 98:201–209.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slany, R. K., C. Lavau, and M. L. Cleary. 1998. The oncogenic capacity of HRX-ENL requires the transcriptional transactivation activity of ENL and the DNA binding motifs of HRX. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:122–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taki, T., H. Kano, M. Taniwaki, M. Sako, M. Yanagisawa, and Y. Hayashi. 1999. AF5q31, a newly identified AF4-related gene, is fused to MLL in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia with ins(5;11)(q31;q13q23). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:14535–14540.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thirman, M. J., H. J. Gill, R. C. Burnett, D. Mbangkollo, N. R. McCabe, H. Kobayashi, S. Ziemin-van der Poel, Y. Kaneko, R. Morgan, A. A. Sandberg, R. S. K. Chaganti, R. A. Larson, M. M. Le Beau, M. O. Diaz, and J. D. Rowley. 1993. Rearrangement of the MLL gene in acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias with 11q23 chromosomal translocations. N. Engl. J. Med. 329:909–914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thirman, M. J., D. A. Levitan, H. Kobayashi, M. C. Simon, and J. D. Rowley. 1994. Cloning of ELL, a gene that fuses to MLL in a t(11;19)(q23;p13.1) in acute myeloid leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12110–12114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thirman, M. J., E. B. Diskin, S. S. Bin, H. S. Ip, J. M. Miller, and M. C. Simon. 1997. Developmental analysis and subcellular localization of the murine homologue of ELL. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:1408–1413.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tkachuk, D. C., S. Kohler, and M. L. Cleary. 1992. Involvement of a homolog of Drosophila trithorax by 11q23 chromosomal translocations in acute leukemias. Cell 71:691–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wada, T., T. Takagi, Y. Yamaguchi, D. Watanabe, and H. Handa. 1998. Evidence that P-TEFb alleviates the negative effect of DSIF on RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in vitro. EMBO J. 17:7395–7403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yano, T., T. Nakamura, J. Blechman, C. Sorio, C. V. Dang, B. Geiger, and E. Canaani. 1997. Nuclear punctate distribution of ALL-1 is conferred by distinct elements at the N terminus of the protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:7286–7291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziemin-van der Poel, S., N. R. McCabe, H. J. Gill III, R. Espinosa, Y. Patel, A. Harden, P. Rubinelli, S. D. Smith, M. M. LeBeau, J. D. Rowley, and M. O. Diaz. 1991. Identification of a gene, MLL, that spans the breakpoint in 11q23 translocations associated with human leukemias. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10735–10739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar