Two Survivor Pathways That Allow Growth in the Absence of Telomerase Are Generated by Distinct Telomere Recombination Events

REFERENCES

• Bai, Y., and L. S. Symington. 1996. A Rad52 homologue is required for RAD51-independent mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 10:2025–2037.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brachmann, C. B., A. Davies, G. J. Cost, E. Caputo, J. Li, P. Hieter, and J. D. Boeke. 1998. Designer deletion strains derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C: a useful set of strains and plasmids for PCR-mediated gene disruption and other applications. Yeast 14:115–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, C. S. M., and B. Tye. 1983. Organization of DNA sequences and replication origins at yeast telomeres. Cell 33:563–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W., and S. Jinks-Robertson. 1999. The role of the mismatch repair machinery in regulating mitotic and meiotic recombination between diverged sequences in yeast. Genetics 151:1299–1313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunn, B., P. Szauter, M. L. Pardue, and J. W. Szostak. 1985. Transfer of yeast telomeres to linear plasmids by recombination. Cell 39:191–201.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, G., and T. R. Cech. 1995. Telomere proteins. Telomeres.. E. H. Blackburn, and C. W. Greider. 69–105. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y
   Google Scholar
• Feinberg, A. P., and B. Vogelstein. 1983. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 132:6–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greider, C. W., and E. H. Blackburn. 1985. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell 43:405–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith, J. D., L. Comeau, S. Rosenfield, R. M. Stansel, A. Bianchi, H. Moss, and T. de Lange. 1999. Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop. Cell 97:503–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haber, J. E.. 1998. The many interfaces of Mre11. Cell 95:583–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays, S. L., A. A. Firmenich, and P. Berg. 1995. Complex formation in yeast double-strand break repair: participation of Rad51, Rad52, Rad55, and Rad57 proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6925–6929.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmes, A. M., and J. E. Haber. 1999. Double-strand break repair in yeast requires both leading and lagging strand DNA polymerases. Cell 96:415–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass-Eisler, A., and C. W. Greider. 2000. Recombination in telomere-length maintenance. Trends Biochem. Sci. 25:200–204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kironmai, K. M., and K. Muniyappa. 1997. Alteration of telomeric sequences and senescence caused by mutations in RAD50 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Cells 2:443–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le, S., J. K. Moore, J. E. Haber, and C. W. Greider. 1999. RAD51 and RAD50 define two pathways that collaborate to maintain telomeres in the absence of telomerase. Genetics 152:143–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingner, J., T. R. Hughes, A. Shevchenko, M. Mann, V. Lundblad, and T. R. Cech. 1997. Reverse transcriptase motifs in the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Science 276:561–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis, E. J., and J. E. Haber. 1992. The structure and evolution of subtelomeric Y′ repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 131:559–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis, E. J., and J. E. Haber. 1990. The subtelomeric Y′ repeat family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: an experimental system for repeated sequence evolution. Genetics 124:533–545.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lundblad, V., and E. H. Blackburn. 1993. An alternative pathway for yeast telomere maintenance rescues est1− senescence. Cell 73:347–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkova, A., E. L. Ivanov, and J. E. Haber. 1996. Double-strand break repair in the absence of RAD51 in yeast: a possible role for break-induced DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:7131–7136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachern, M. J., and E. H. Blackburn. 1995. Runaway telomere elongation caused by telomerase RNA gene mutations. Nature 376:403–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, J. K., and J. E. Haber. 1996. Cell cycle and genetic requirements of two pathways of nonhomologous end-joining repair of double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:2164–2173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow, D. M., C. Connelly, and P. Hieter. 1997. “Break copy” duplication: a model for chromosome fragment formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 147:371–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiestl, R. H., and R. D. Gietz. 1989. High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single stranded nucleic acids as a carrier. Curr. Genet. 16:339–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shampay, J., J. W. Szostak, and E. H. Blackburn. 1984. DNA sequences of telomeres maintained in yeast. Nature 310:154–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikorski, R. S., and P. Hieter. 1989. A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 122:19–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, M. S., and D. E. Gottschling. 1994. TLC1: template RNA component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase. Science 266:404–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawara, N., G. Ira, and J. E. Haber. 2000. DNA length dependence of the single-strand annealing pathway and the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD59 in double-strand break repair. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:5300–5309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, S. C., and V. A. Zakian. 1999. Telomere-telomere recombination is an efficient bypass pathway for telomere maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:8083–8093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X. D., B. Kuster, M. Mann, J. H. Petrini, and T. de Lange. 2000. Cell-cycle-regulated association of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 with TRF2 and human telomeres. Nat. Genet. 25:347–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar