19
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Transcriptional Regulation

E7 Abolishes Raf-Induced Arrest via Mislocalization of p21Cip1

, , &
Pages 7041-7052 | Received 19 Mar 2002, Accepted 11 Jul 2002, Published online: 28 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Alevizopoulos, K., J. Vlach, S. Hennecke, and B. Amati. 1997. Cyclin E and c-Myc promote cell proliferation in the presence of p16INK4a and of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma family proteins. EMBO J. 16: 5322–5333.
  • Banks, L., C. Edmonds, and K. Vousden. 1990. Ability of the HPV16 E7 protein to bind RB and induce DNA synthesis is not sufficient for efficient transforming activity in NIH3T3 cells. Oncogene 5: 1383–1389.
  • Barbosa, M. S., C. Edmonds, C. Fisher, J. T. Schiller, D. R. Lowy, and K. H. Vousden. 1990. The region of the HPV E7 oncoprotein homologous to adenovirus E1a and Sv40 large T antigen contains separate domains for Rb binding and casein kinase II phosphorylation. EMBO J. 9: 153–160.
  • Bouchard, C., K. Thieke, A. Maier, R. Saffrich, J. Hanley-Hyde, W. Ansorge, S. Reed, P. Sicinski, J. Bartek, and M. Eilers. 1999. Direct induction of cyclin D2 by Myc contributes to cell cycle progression and sequestration of p27. EMBO J. 18: 5321–5333.
  • Boyer, S. N., D. E. Wazer, and V. Band. 1996. E7 protein of human papilloma virus-16 induces degradation of retinoblastoma protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Cancer Res. 56: 4620–4624.
  • Burgering, B. M., and P. J. Coffer. 1995. Protein kinase B (c-Akt) in phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signal transduction. Nature 376: 599–602.
  • Cai, K., and B. D. Dynlacht. 1998. Activity and nature of p21(WAF1) complexes during the cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 12254–12259.
  • Cheng, M., P. Olivier, J. A. Diehl, M. Fero, M. F. Roussel, J. M. Roberts, and C. J. Sherr. 1999. The p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) CDK ′inhibitors' are essential activators of cyclin D-dependent kinases in murine fibroblasts. EMBO J. 18: 1571–1583.
  • Coffer, P. J., J. Jin, and J. R. Woodgett. 1998. Protein kinase B (c-Akt): a multifunctional mediator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. Biochem. J. 335: 1–13.
  • Datta, S. R., A. Brunet, and M. E. Greenberg. 1999. Cellular survival: a play in three Akts. Genes Dev. 13: 2905–2927.
  • Davies, R., R. Hicks, T. Crook, J. Morris, and K. Vousden. 1993. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 associates with a histone H1 kinase and with p107 through sequences necessary for transformation. J. Virol. 67: 2521–2528.
  • Demers, G. W., E. Espling, J. B. Harry, B. G. Etscheid, and D. A. Galloway. 1996. Abrogation of growth arrest signals by human papillomavirus type 16 E7 is mediated by sequences required for transformation. J. Virol. 70: 6862–6869.
  • Demers, G. W., S. A. Foster, C. L. Halbert, and D. A. Galloway. 1994. Growth arrest by induction of p53 in DNA damaged keratinocytes is bypassed by human papillomavirus 16 E7. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 4382–4386.
  • Duliæ, V., G. H. Stein, D. F. Far, and S. I. Reed. 1998. Nuclear accumulation of p21Cip1 at the onset of mitosis: a role at the G2/M-phase transition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 546–557.
  • Dyson, N., K. Buchkovich, P. Whyte, and E. Harlow. 1989. Cellular proteins that are targetted by DNA tumor viruses for transformation. Princess Takamatsu Symp. 20: 191–198.
  • Dyson, N., P. Guida, K. Munger, and E. Harlow. 1992. Homologous sequences in adenovirus E1A and human papillomavirus E7 proteins mediate interaction with the same set of cellular proteins. J. Virol. 66: 6893–6902.
  • Dyson, N., P. M. Howley, K. Munger, and E. Harlow. 1989. The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product. Science 243: 934–937.
  • Edmonds, C., and K. H. Vousden. 1989. A point mutational analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein. J. Virol. 63: 2650–2656.
  • el-Deiry, W. S., T. Tokino, V. E. Velculescu, D. B. Levy, R. Parsons, J. M. Trent, D. Lin, W. E. Mercer, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75: 817–825.
  • Evan, G. I., A. H. Wyllie, C. S. Gilbert, T. D. Littlewood, H. Land, M. Brooks, C. M. Waters, L. Z. Penn, and D. C. Hancock. 1992. Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 69: 119–128.
  • Funk, J. O., S. Waga, J. B. Harry, E. Espling, B. Stillman, and D. A. Galloway. 1997. Inhibition of CDK activity and PCNA-dependent DNA replication by p21 is blocked by interaction with the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein. Genes Dev. 11: 2090–2100.
  • Goubin, F., and B. Ducommun. 1995. Identification of binding domains on the p21Cip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Oncogene 10: 2281–2287.
  • Hanahan, D., and R. A. Weinberg. 2000. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100: 57–70.
  • Harper, J. W., G. R. Adami, N. Wei, K. Keyomarsi, and S. J. Elledge. 1993. The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75: 805–816.
  • Harper, J. W., S. J. Elledge, K. Keyomarsi, B. Dynlacht, L. H. Tsai, P. Zhang, S. Dobrowolski, C. Bai, L. Connell-Crowley, and E. Swindell. 1995. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by p21. Mol. Biol. Cell 6: 387–400.
  • Heck, D. V., C. L. Yee, P. M. Howley, and K. Munger. 1992. Efficiency of binding the retinoblastoma protein correlates with the transforming capacity of the E7 oncoproteins of the human papillomaviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 4442–4446.
  • Hengst, L., U. Gopfert, H. A. Lashuel, and S. I. Reed. 1998. Complete inhibition of Cdk/cyclin by one molecule of p21(Cip1). Genes Dev. 12: 3882–3888.
  • Hickman, E. S., S. Bates, and K. H. Vousden. 1997. Pertubation of the p53 response by human papillomavirus type 16 E7. J. Virol. 71: 3710–3718.
  • Hirakawa, T., and H. E. Ruley. 1988. Rescue of cells from ras oncogene-induced growth arrest by a second, complementing, oncogene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 1519–1523.
  • Hunter, T. 1991. Cooperation between oncogenes. Cell 64: 249–270.
  • Jones, D. L., R. M. Alani, and K. Munger. 1997. The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein can uncouple cellular differentiation and proliferation in human keratinocytes by abrogating p21Cip1-mediated inhibition of cdk2. Genes Dev. 11: 2101–2111.
  • Kohn, A. D., F. Takeuchi, and R. A. Roth. 1996. Akt, a pleckstrin homology domain containing kinase, is activated primarily by phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 21920–21926.
  • LaBaer, J., M. D. Garrett, L. F. Stevenson, J. M. Slingerland, C. Sandhu, H. S. Chou, A. Fattaey, and E. Harlow. 1997. New functional activities for the p21 family of CDK inhibitors. Genes Dev. 11: 847–862.
  • Laimins, L. A. 1993. The biology of human papillomaviruses: from warts to cancer. Infect. Agents Dis. 2: 74–86.
  • Land, H., A. C. Chen, J. P. Morgenstern, L. F. Parada, and R. A. Weinberg. 1986. Behavior of myc and ras oncogenes in transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6: 1917–1925.
  • Lin, A. W., M. Barradas, J. C. Stone, L. van Aelst, M. Serrano, and S. W. Lowe. 1998. Premature senescence involving p53 and p16 is activated in response to constitutive MEK/MAPK mitogenic signaling. Genes Dev. 12: 3008–3019.
  • Lloyd, A. C., F. Obermuller, S. Staddon, C. F. Barth, M. McMahon, and H. Land. 1997. Cooperating oncogenes converge to regulate cyclin/cdk complexes. Genes Dev. 11: 663–677.
  • Lowe, S. W., T. Jacks, D. E. Housman, and H. E. Ruley. 1994. Abrogation of oncogene-associated apoptosis allows transformation of p53-deficient cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2026–2030.
  • Lowe, S. W., and H. E. Ruley. 1993. Stabilization of the p53 tumor suppressor is induced by adenovirus 5 E1A and accompanies apoptosis. Genes Dev. 7: 535–545.
  • Missero, C., E. Calautti, R. Eckner, J. Chin, L. H. Tsai, D. M. Livingston, and G. P. Dotto. 1995. Involvement of the cell-cycle inhibitor Cip1/WAF1 and the E1A-associated p300 protein in terminal differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 5451–5455.
  • Missero, C., F. Di Cunto, H. Kiyokawa, A. Koff, and G. P. Dotto. 1996. The absence of p21Cip1/WAF1 alters keratinocyte growth and differentiation and promotes ras-tumor progression. Genes Dev. 10: 3065–3075.
  • Moodie, S. A., B. M. Willumsen, M. J. Weber, and A. Wolfman. 1993. Complexes of Ras.GTP with Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Science 260: 1658–1661.
  • Morgenstern, J. P., and H. Land. 1990. Advanced mammalian gene transfer: high titre retroviral vectors with multiple drug selection markers and a complementary helper-free packaging cell line. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 3587–3596.
  • Munger, K., B. A. Werness, N. Dyson, W. C. Phelps, E. Harlow, and P. M. Howley. 1989. Complex formation of human papillomavirus E7 proteins with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product. EMBO J. 8: 4099–4105.
  • Nead, M. A., L. A. Baglia, M. J. Antinore, J. W. Ludlow, and D. J. McCance. 1998. Rb binds c-Jun and activates transcription. EMBO J. 17: 2342–2352.
  • Noda, A., Y. Ning, S. F. Venable, O. M. Pereira-Smith, and J. R. Smith. 1994. Cloning of senescent cell-derived inhibitors of DNA synthesis using an expression screen. Exp. Cell Res. 211: 90–98.
  • Ohtsubo, M., A. M. Theodoras, J. Schumacher, J. M. Roberts, and M. Pagano. 1995. Human cyclin E, a nuclear protein essential for the G1-to-S phase transition. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 2612–2624.
  • Parker, S. B., G. Eichele, P. Zhang, A. Rawls, A. T. Sands, A. Bradley, E. N. Olson, J. W. Harper, and S. J. Elledge. 1995. p53-independent expression of p21Cip1 in muscle and other terminally differentiating cells. Science 267: 1024–1027.
  • Perez-Roger, I., S. H. Kim, B. Griffiths, A. Sewing, and H. Land. 1999. Cyclins D1 and D2 mediate Myc-induced proliferation via sequestration of p27 Kip1 and p21 Cip1 . EMBO J. 18: 5310–5320.
  • Perez-Roger, I., D. L. C. Solomon, A. Sewing, and H. Land. 1997. Myc activation of cyclin E/Cdk2 kinase involves induction of cyclin E gene transcription and inhibition of p27Kip1 binding to newly formed complexes. Oncogene 14: 2373–2381.
  • Phelps, W. C., K. Munger, C. L. Yee, J. A. Barnes, and P. M. Howley. 1992. Structure-function analysis of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein. J. Virol. 66: 2418–2427.
  • Phelps, W. C., C. L. Yee, K. Munger, and P. M. Howley. 1988. The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene encodes transactivation and transformation functions similar to those of adenovirus E1A. Cell 53: 539–547.
  • Polyak, K., M. H. Lee, H. Erdjument-Bromage, A. Koff, J. M. Roberts, P. Tempst, and J. Massague. 1994. Cloning of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and a potential mediator of extracellular antimitogenic signals. Cell 78: 59–66.
  • Reynisdottir, I., and J. Massague. 1997. The subcellular locations of p15(Ink4b) and p27(Kip1) coordinate their inhibitory interactions with cdk4 and cdk2. Genes Dev. 11: 492–503.
  • Reynisdottir, I., K. Polyak, A. Iavarone, and J. Massague. 1995. Kip/Cip and Ink4 Cdk inhibitors cooperate to induce cell cycle arrest in response to TGF-beta. Genes Dev. 9: 1831–1845.
  • Ridley, A. J., H. F. Paterson, M. Noble, and H. Land. 1988. Ras-mediated cell cycle arrest is altered by nuclear oncogenes to induce Schwann cell transformation. EMBO J. 7: 1635–1645.
  • Rommel, C., B. A. Clarke, S. Zimmermann, L. Nunez, R. Rossman, K. Reid, K. Moelling, G. D. Yancopoulos, and D. J. Glass. 1999. Differentiation stage-specific inhibition of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway by Akt. Science 286: 1738–1741.
  • Roper, E., W. Weinberg, F. M. Watt, and H. Land. 2001. p19ARF-independent induction of p53 and cell cycle arrest by Raf in murine keratinocytes. EMBO Rep. 2: 145–150.
  • Rössig, L., A. S. Jadidi, C. Urbich, C. Badorff, A. M. Zeiher, and S. Dimmeler. 2001. Akt-dependent phosphorylation of p21Cip1 regulates PCNA binding and proliferation of endothelial cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 5644–5657.
  • Rudolph, B., R. Saffrich, J. Zwicker, B. Henglein, R. Muller, W. Ansorge, and M. Eilers. 1996. Activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by Myc mediates induction of cyclin A, but not apoptosis. EMBO J. 15: 3065–3076.
  • Ruesch, M., and L. A. Laimins. 1997. Initiation of DNA synthesis by human papillomavirus E7 oncoproteins is resistant to p21-mediated inhibition of cyclin E-cdk2 activity. J. Virol. 71: 5570–5578.
  • Ruley, H. E. 1990. Transforming collaborations between ras and nuclear oncogenes. Cancer Cells 2: 258–268.
  • Schulze, A., B. Mannhardt, K. Zerfass-Thome, W. Zwerschke, and P. Jansen-Dürr. 1998. Anchorage-independent transcription of the cyclin A gene induced by the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16. J. Virol. 72: 2323–2334.
  • Serrano, M., A. W. Lin, M. E. McCurrach, D. Beach, and S. W. Lowe. 1997. Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a. Cell 88: 593–602.
  • Sewing, A., B. Wiseman, A. C. Lloyd, and H. Land. 1997. High-intensity Raf signal causes cell cycle arrest mediated by p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 5588–5597.
  • Sherr, C. J., and J. M. Roberts. 1995. Inhibitors of mammalian G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Genes Dev. 9: 1149–1163.
  • Vlach, J., S. Hennecke, K. Alevizopoulos, D. Conti, and B. Amati. 1996. Growth arrest by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is abrogated by c-Myc. EMBO J. 15: 6595–6604.
  • Vojtek, A. B., S. M. Hollenberg, and J. A. Cooper. 1993. Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Cell 74: 205–214.
  • Vousden, K. H., J. Doniger, J. A. DiPaolo, and D. R. Lowy. 1988. The E7 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16 encodes a transforming gene. Oncog. Res. 3: 167–175.
  • Weinberg, R. A. 1989. Oncogenes, antioncogenes, and the molecular bases of multistep carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 49: 3713–3721.
  • Weinberg, R. A. 1995. The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control. Cell 81: 323–330.
  • Woods, D., D. Parry, H. Cherwinski, E. Bosch, E. Lees, and M. McMahon. 1997. Raf-induced proliferation or cell cycle arrest is determined by the level of Raf activity with arrest mediated by p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 5598–5611.
  • Zerfass, K., A. Schulze, D. Spitkovsky, V. Friedman, B. Henglein, and P. Jansen-Dürr. 1995. Sequential activation of cyclin E and cyclin A gene expression by human papillomavirus type 16 E7 through sequences necessary for transformation. J. Virol. 69: 6389–6399.
  • Zerfass-Thome, K., A. Schulze, W. Zwerschke, B. Vogt, K. Helin, J. Bartek, B. Henglein, and P. Jansen-Dürr. 1997. p27 KIP1 blocks cyclin E-dependent transactivation of cyclin A gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 407–415.
  • Zhang, H., G. J. Hannon, and D. Beach. 1994. p21-containing cyclin kinases exist in both active and inactive states. Genes Dev. 8: 1750–1758.
  • Zhang, H., G. J. Hannon, D. Casso, and D. Beach. 1994. p21 is a component of active cell cycle kinases. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 59: 21–29.
  • Zhou, B. P., Y. Liao, W. Xia, B. Spohn, M. H. Lee, and M. C. Hung. 2001. Cytoplasmic localization of p21Cip1/WAF1 by Akt-induced phosphorylation in HER-2/neu-overexpressing cells. Nat. Cell Biol. 3: 245–252.
  • Zimmermann, S., and K. Moelling. 1999. Phosphorylation and regulation of Raf by Akt (protein kinase B). Science 286: 1741–1744.
  • Zugasti, O., W. Rul, P. Roux, C. Peyssonnaux, A. Eychene, T. F. Franke, P. Fort, and U. Hibner. 2001. Raf-MEK-Erk cascade in anoikis is controlled by Rac1 and Cdc42 via Akt. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 6706–6717.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.