8
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cell Growth and Development

Cytosolic Retention of Phosphorylated Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and a Rho-Associated Kinase-Mediated Signal Impair Expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 in Phorbol 12-Myristate-13- Acetate-Induced Apoptotic Cells

, , &
Pages 7581-7592 | Received 15 Mar 2002, Accepted 02 Aug 2002, Published online: 27 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Amano, M., Y. Fukata, and K. Kaibuchi. 2000. Regulation and functions of Rho-associated kinase. Exp. Cell Res. 261: 44–51.
  • Amano, M., M. Ito, K. Kimura, Y. Fukata, K. Chihara, T. Nakano, Y. Matsuura, and K. Kaibuchi. 1996. Phosphorylation and activation of myosin by Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase). J. Biol. Chem. 271: 20246–20249.
  • Aplin, A. E., S. A. Stewart, R. K. Assoian, and R. L. Juliano. 2001. Integrin-mediated adhesion regulates ERK nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Elk-1. J. Cell Biol. 153: 273–282.
  • Asada, M., T. Yamada, H. Ichijo, D. Delia, K. Miyazono, K. Fukumuro, and S. Mizutani. 1999. Apoptosis inhibitory activity of cytoplasmic p21(Cip1/WAF1) in monocytic differentiation. EMBO J. 18: 1223–1234.
  • Bar-Sagi, D., and A. Hall. 2000. Ras and Rho GTPases: a family reunion. Cell 103: 227–238.
  • Beier, F., A. C. Taylor, and P. LuValle. 1999. The Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway regulates the expression of the p21Cip1/Waf1 gene in chondrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 30273–30279.
  • Biggs, J. R., J. E. Kudlow, and A. S. Kraft. 1996. The role of the transcription factor Sp1 in regulating the expression of the WAF1/CIP1 gene in U937 leukemic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 901–906.
  • Bottazzi, M. E., X. Zhu, R. M. Bohmer, and R. K. Assoian. 1999. Regulation of p21Cip1 expression by growth factors and the extracellular matrix reveals a role for transient ERK activity in G1 phase. J. Cell Biol. 146: 1255–1264.
  • Brunet, A., D. Roux, P. Lenormand, S. Dowd, S. Keyse, and J. Pouyssegur. 1999. Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry. EMBO J. 18: 664–674.
  • Carroll, M. P., and W. S. May. 1994. Protein kinase C-mediated serine phosphorylation directly activates Raf-1 in murine hematopoietic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 1249–1256.
  • Chang, Z. F., D. Y. Huang, and T. C. Lai. 1995. Different regulation of human thymidine kinase promoter in normal human diploid IMR-90 fibroblasts and HeLa cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 27374–27379.
  • Chang, Z. F., D. Y. Huang, and N. C. Hsue. 1994. Differential phosphorylation of human thymidine kinase in proliferating and M phase-arrested human cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 21249–21254.
  • Chao, J. R., C. S. Chen, T. F. Wang, L. H. Tseng, J. J. Tsai, M. L. Kuo, J. J. Yen, and H. F. Yang-Yen. 1997. Characterization of factor-independent variants derived from TF-1 hematopoietic progenitor cells: the role of the Raf/MAP kinase pathway in the anti-apoptotic effect of GM-CSF. Oncogene 14: 721–728.
  • Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 16: 156–159.
  • Collins, S. J. 1987. The HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line: proliferation, differentiation, and cellular oncogene expression. Blood 70: 1233–1244.
  • Davis, T. A., A. A. Saini, P. J. Blair, B. L. Levine, N. Craighead, D. M. Harlan, C. H. June, and K. P. Lee. 1998. A phorbol esters induce differentiation of human CD34+ hemopoietic progenitors to dendritic cells: evidence for protein kinase C-mediated signaling. J. Immunol. 160: 3689–3697.
  • de Vente, J. E., C. A. Kukoly, W. O. Bryant, K. J. Posekany, J. Chen, D. J. Fletcher, P. J. Parker, G. J. Pettit, G. Lozano, P. P. Cook, and D. K. Ways. 1995. Phorbol esters induce death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells with altered expression of protein kinase C isoforms. Role for p53-independent induction of gadd-45 in initiating death. J. Clin. Investig. 96: 1874–1886.
  • de Vente, J., S. Kiley, T. Garris, W. Bryant, J. Hooker, K. Posekany, P. Parker, P. Cook, D. Fletcher, and D. K. Ways. 1995. Phorbol ester treatment of U937 cells with altered protein kinase C content and distribution induces cell death rather than differentiation. Cell Growth Differ. 6: 371–382.
  • El-Deiry, W. S., T. Tokino, V. E. Velculescu, D. B. Levy, R. Parsons, J. M. Trent, D. Lin, W. E. Mercer, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75: 817–825.
  • Favata, M. F., K. Y. Horiuchi, E. J. Manos, A. J. Daulerio, D. A. Stradley, W. S. Feeser, D. E. Van Dyk, W. J. Pitts, R. A. Earl, F. Hobbs, R. A. Copeland, R. L. Magolda, P. A. Scherle, and J. M. Trzaskos. 1998. Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 18623–18632.
  • Frasch, S. C., J. A. Nick, V. A. Fadok, D. L. Bratton, G. S. Worthen, and P. M. Henson. 1998. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent and independent pathways leading to apoptosis in human neutrophils. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 8389–8397.
  • Freemerman, A. J., J. A. Vrana, R. M. Tombes, H. Jiang, S. P. Chellappan, P. B. Fisher, and S. Grant. 1997. Effects of antisense p21WAF1/CIP1/MDA6 expression on the induction of differentiation and drug-mediated apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60). Leukemia 11: 504–513.
  • Garzotto, M., M. White-Jones, Y. Jiang, D. Ehleiter, W. C. Liao, A. Haimovitz-Friedman, Z. Fuks, and R. Kolesnick. 1998. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells is mediated through ceramide synthase. Cancer Res. 58: 2260–2264.
  • Girard, P. R., V. L. Stevens, P. J. Blackshear, A. H. Merrill, Jr., J. G. Wood, and J. F. Kuo. 1987. Immunocytochemical evidence for phorbol ester-induced directional translocations of protein kinase C in HL60, K562, CHO, and E7SKS cells: possible role in differentiation. Cancer Res. 47: 2892–2898.
  • Gorospe, M., W. Wang, K. Z. Guyton, and N. J. Holbrook. 1996. Protective role of p21Waf1/Cip1 against prostaglandin A2-mediated apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 6654–6660.
  • Groom, L. A., A. A. Sneddon, D. R. Alessi, S. Dowd, and S. M. Keyse. 1996. Differential regulation of the MAP, SAP and RK/p38 kinases by Pyst1, a novel cytosolic dual-specificity phosphatase. EMBO J. 15: 3621–3632.
  • Harper, J. W., G. R. Adami, N. Wei, K. Keyomarsi, and S. J. Elledge. 1993. The p21 cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75: 805–816.
  • Harutoshi, K., T. Takushi, O. Cachexia, M. Jun, and Y. Ishimura. 1989. Activation of a suicide process of thymocytes through DNA fragmentation by calcium ionophores and phorbol esters. J. Immunol. 143: 1790–1794.
  • He, H., X. Wang, M. Gorospe, N. J. Holbrook, and M. A. Trush. 1999. Phorbol ester-induced mononuclear cell differentiation is blocked by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059. Cell Growth Differ. 10: 307–315.
  • Herr, I., D. Wilhelm, E. Meyer, I. Jeremais, P. Angel, and K. M. Debatin. 1999. JNK/SAPK activity contributes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 6: 130–135.
  • Hu, P. P., X. Shen, D. Huang, Y. Liu, C. Counter, and X. F. Wang. 1999. The MEK pathway is required for stimulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 by transforming growth factor-beta. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 35381–35387.
  • Ichijo, H., E. Nishida, Irie, K., P. ten Dijke, M. Saitoh, T. Moriguchi, M. Takagi, K. Matsumoto, K. Miyazono, and Y. Gotoh. 1997. Induction of apoptosis by ASK1, a mammalian MAPKKK that activates SAPK/JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Science 275: 90–94.,
  • Izawa, I., M. Amano, K. Chihara, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kaibuchi. 1998. Possible involvement of the inactivation of the Rho-Rho-kinase pathway in oncogenic Ras-induced transformation. Oncogene 17: 2863–2871.
  • Jiang, H., J. Lin, Z. Z. Su, F. R. Collart, E. Huberman, and P. B. Fisher. 1994. Induction of differentiation in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells activates p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in the absence of p53. Oncogene 9: 3397–3406.
  • Jiang, H., J. Lin, Z. Z. Su, M. Herlyn, R. S. Kerbel, B. E. Weissman, D. R. Welch, and P. B. Fisher. 1995. The melanoma differentiation-associated gene mda-6, which encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, is differentially expressed during growth, differentiation and progression in human melanoma cells. Oncogene 10: 1855–1864.
  • Jun, C. D., H. O. Pae, H. J. Kwak, J. C. Yoo, B. M. Choi, C. D. Oh, J. S. Chun, S. G. Paik, Y. H. Park, and H. T. Chung. 1999. Modulation of nitrix oxide-induced apoptotic death of HL-60 cells by protein kinase C and protein kinase A through mitogen-activated protein kinases and CPP32-like protease pathways. Cell. Immunol. 194: 36–46.
  • Kaibuchi, K., S. Kuroda, and M. Amano. 1999. Regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by the Rho family GTPase in mammalian cells. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68: 459–486.
  • Kanto, T., P. Kalinski, O. C. Hunter, M. T. Lotze, and A. A. Amoscato. 2001. Ceramide mediates tumor-induced dendritic cell apoptosis. J. Immunol. 167: 3773–3784.
  • Khokhlatchev, A. V., B. Canagarajah, J. Wilsbacher, M. Robinson, M. Atkinson, E. Goldsmith, and M. H. Cobb. 1998. Phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2 promotes its homodimerization and nuclear translocation. Cell 93: 605–615.
  • Kimura, K., M. Ito, M. Amano, K. Chihara, Y. Fukata, M. Nakafuku, B. Yamamori, J. Feng, T. Nakano, K. Okawa, A. Iwamatsu, and K. Kaibuchi. 1996. Regulation of myosin phosphatase by Rho and Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase). Science 273: 245–248.
  • Kivinen, L., M. Tsubari, T. Haapajarvi, M. B. Datto, X. F. Wang, and M. Laiho. 1999. Ras induces p21Cip1/Waf1 cyclin kinase inhibitor transcriptionally through Sp1-binding sites. Oncogene 18: 6252–6261.
  • Lai, J. M., C. Y. Lu, H. F. Yang-Yen, and Z. F. Chang. 2001. Lysophosphatidic acid promotes phorbol-ester-induced apoptosis in TF-1 cells by interfering with adhesion. Biochem. J. 359: 227–233.
  • Le-Niculescu, H., E. Bonfoco, Y. Kasuva, F. X. Claret, D. R. Green, and M. Karin. 1999. Withdrawal of survival factors results in activation of the JNK pathway in neuronal cells leading to Fas ligand induction and cell death. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 751–763.
  • Lenormand, P., C. Sardet, G. Pagès, G. L'Allemain, A. Brunet, and J. Pouysségur. 1993. Growth factors induce nuclear translocation of MAP kinases (p42mapk and p44mapk) but not of their activator MAP kinase kinase (p45mapkk) in fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 122: 1079–1088.
  • Liu, Y., J. L. Martindale, M. Gorospe, and N. J. Holbrook. 1996. Regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Cancer Res. 56: 31–35.
  • Lotem, J., E. J. Jr. Cragoe, and L. Sachs. 1991. Rescue from programmed cell death in leukemic and normal myeloid cells. Blood 78: 953–960.
  • Marquardt, B., D. Frith, and S. Stabel. 1994. Signalling from TPA to MAP kinase requires protein kinase C, Raf and MEK: reconstitution of the signalling pathway in vitro. Oncogene 9: 3213–3218.
  • Mayumi, T., K. Nagasawa, T. Horiuchi, and T. Kusaba. 1988. Phorbol ester receptors and the induction of differentiation in the human T lymphoblastic cell line MOLT-3. Exp. Cell Biol. 56: 12–19.
  • Mizuno, K., K. Noda, T. Araki, T. Imaoka, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Akita, M. Shimonaka, S. Kishi, and S. Ohno. 1997. The proteolytic cleavage of protein kinase C isotypes, which generates kinase and regulatory fragments, correlates with Fas-mediated and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced apoptosis. Eur. J. Biochem. 250: 7–18.
  • Muda, M., A. Theodosiou, N. Rodrigues, U. Boschert, M. Camps, C. Gillieron, K. Davies, A. Ashworth, and S. Arkinstall. 1996. The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 27205–27208.
  • Narumiya, S., T. Ishizaki, and M. Uehata. 2000. Use and properties of ROCK-specific inhibitor Y-27632. Methods Enzymol. 325: 273–284.
  • Noda, A., Y. Ning, S. F. Venable, O. M. Pereira-Smith, and J. R. Smith. 1994. Cloning of senescent cell-derived inhibitors of DNA synthesis using an expression screen. Exp. Cell Res. 211: 90–98.
  • Obeid, L., C. M. Linardic, L. A. Karolak, and Y. A. Hannun. 1993. Programmed cell death induced by ceramide. Science 259: 1769–1771.
  • Ohta, H., E. A. Sweeney, A. Masamune, Y. Yatomi, S. Hakomori, and Y. Igarashi. 1995. Induction of apoptosis by sphingosine in human leukemic HL-60 cells: a possible endogenous modulator of apoptotic DNA fragmentation occurring during phorbol ester-induced differentiation. Cancer Res. 55: 691–697.
  • Olson, M. F., H. F. Paterson, and C. J. Marshall. 1998. Signals from Ras and Rho GTPases interact to regulate expression of p21Waf1/Cip1. Nature 394: 295–299.
  • Pumiglia, K. M., and S. J. Decker. 1997. Cell cycle arrest mediated by the MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 448–452.
  • Qiu, R. G., J. Chen, F. McCormick, and M. Symons. 1995. A role for Rho in Ras transformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 11781–11785.
  • Ratcliffe, M. J., C. Smales, and J. M. Staddon. 1999. Dephosphorylation of the catenins p120 and p100 in endothelial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Biochem. J. 338: 471–478.
  • Ren, X.-D., W. B. Kiosses, and M. A. Schwartz. 1999. Regulation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho by cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton. EMBO J. 18: 578–585.
  • Sahai, E., M. F. Olson, and C. J. Marshall. 2001. Cross-talk between Ras and Rho signalling pathways in transformation favours proliferation and increased motility. EMBO J. 20: 755–766.
  • Solary, E., R. Bertrand, and Y. Pommier. 1994. Apoptosis of human leukemic HL-60 cells induced to differentiate by phorbol ester treatment. Leukemia 8: 792–797.
  • Takada, Y., M. Hachiya, Y. Osawa, Y. Hasegawa, K. Ando, Y. Kobayashi, and M. Akashi. 1999. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced apoptosis is mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha in human monocytic U937 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 28286–28292.
  • Uehata, M., T. Ishizaki, H. Satoh, T. Ono, T. Kawahara, T. Morishita, H. Tamakawa, K. Yamagami, J. Inui, M. Maekawa, and S. Narumiya. 1997. Calcium sensitization of smooth muscle mediated by a Rho-associated protein kinase in hypertension. Nature 389: 990–994.
  • Verheij, M., R. Bose, X. H. Lin, B. Yao, W. D. Jarvis, S. Grant, M. J. Birrer, E. Szabo, L. I. Zon, J. M. Kyriakis, A. Haimovitz-Friedman, Z. Fuks, and R. N. Kolesnic. 1996. Requirement for ceramide initiated JNK/SAPK signalling in stress-induced apoptosis. Nature 380: 75–79.
  • Wang, Z., Z. Z. Su, P. B. Fisher, S. Wang, G. VanTuyle, and S. Grant. 1998. Evidence of a functional role for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1/MDA6 in the reciprocal regulation of protein kinase C activator-induced apoptosis and differentiation in human myelomonocytic leukemia cells. Exp Cell Res. 244: 105–116.
  • Wang, Z., G. Van Tuyle, D. Conrad, P. B. Fisher, P. Dent, and S. Grant. 1999. Dysregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 WAF1/CIP1/MDA6 increases the susceptibility of human leukemia cells (U937) to 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Cancer Res. 59: 1259–1267.
  • Wang, Z., S. Wang, P. B. Fisher, P. Dent, and S. Grant. 2000. Evidence of a functional role for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21CIP1 in leukemic cell (U937) differentiation induced by low concentrations of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Differentiation 66: 1–13.
  • Watanabe, Y., M. Ito, Y. Kataoka, H. Wada, M. Koyama, J. Feng, H. Shiku, and M. Nishikawa. 2001. Protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of an inhibitory phosphoprotein of myosin phosphatase is involved in human platelet secretion. Blood 975: 3798–3805.
  • Yang, X., R. Khosravi-Far, H. Y. Chang, and D. Baltimore. 1997. Daxx, a novel Fas-binding protein that activates JNK and apoptosis. Cell 89:1067–1076.
  • Zeng, Y. X., and W. S. El-Deiry. 1996. Regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression by p53-independent pathways. Oncogene 12: 1557–1564.
  • Zeng, Y. X., K. Somasundaram, and W. S. El-Deiry. 1997. AP2 inhibits cancer cell growth and activates p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. Nat. Genet. 15: 78–82.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.