The Absence of NF-κB-Mediated Inhibition of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation Contributes to Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Apoptosis

REFERENCES

• Ashkenazi, A., and V. M. Dixit. 1998. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 281: 1305–1308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeuerle, P. A., and D. Baltimore. 1996. NF-κ B: ten years after. Cell 87: 13–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin, A. S., Jr. 1996. The NF-κ B and IκB proteins: new discoveries and insights. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14: 649–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, P. J., and M. Karin. 1997. Nuclear factor-κB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 336: 1066–1071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baud, V., and M. Karin. 2001. Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and its relatives. Trends Cell Biol. 11: 372–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beg, A. A., and D. Baltimore. 1996. An essential role for NF-κB in preventing TNF-α-induced cell death. Science 274: 782–784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, L., and M. Karin. 2001. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature 410: 37–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, Z. L., T. A. McKinsey, L. Liu, J. J. Gentry, M. H. Malim, and D. W. Ballard. 1997. Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death by inhibitor of apoptosis c-IAP2 is under NF-κB control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 10057–10062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cryns, V., and J. Yuan. 1998. Proteases to die for. Genes Dev. 12: 1551–1570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, R. J. 2000. Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Cell 103: 239–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derijard, B., M. Hibi, I. H. Wu, T. Barrett, B. Su, T. Deng, M. Karin, and R. J. Davis. 1994. JNK1: a protein kinase stimulated by UV light and Ha-Ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-Jun activation domain. Cell 76: 1025–1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiDonato, J. A., M. Hayakawa, D. M. Rothwarf, E. Zandi, and M. Karin. 1997. A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB. Nature 388: 548–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, S., M. J. May, and E. B. Kopp. 1998. NF-κB and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16: 225–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gschwendt, M., H. J. Muller, K. Kielbassa, R. Zang, W. Kittstein, G. Rincke, and F. Marks. 1994. Rottlerin, a novel protein kinase inhibitor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199: 93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, Z., D. L. Boyle, L. Chang, B. Bennett, M. Karin, L. Yang, A. M. Manning, and G. S. Firestein. 2001. c-Jun N-terminal kinase is required for metalloproteinase expression and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis. J. Clin. Investig. 108: 73–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibi, M., A. Lin, T. Smeal, A. Minden, and M. Karin. 1993. Identification of an oncoprotein- and UV-responsive protein kinase that binds and potentiates the c-Jun activation domain. Genes Dev. 7: 2135–2148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., V. Baud, M. Delhase, P. Zhang, T. Deerinck, M. Ellisman, R. Johnson, and M. Karin. 1999. Abnormal morphogenesis but intact IKK activation in mice lacking the IKKα subunit of IκB kinase. Science 284: 316–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irmler, M., M. Thome, M. Hahne, P. Schneider, K. Hofmann, V. Steiner, J. L. Bodmer, M. Schroter, K. Burns, C. Mattmann, D. Rimoldi, L. E. French, and J. Tschopp. 1997. Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP. Nature 388: 190–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janicke, R. U., M. L. Sprengart, M. R. Wati, and A. G. Porter. 1998. Caspase-3 is required for DNA fragmentation and morphological changes associated with apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 9357–9360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin, M., and Y. Ben-Neriah. 2000. Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18: 621–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin, M., and A. Lin. 2002. NF-κB at the crossroad of life and death. Nat. Immunol. 3: 221–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakis, J. M., P. Banerjee, E. Nikolakaki, T. Dai, E. A. Rubie, M. F. Ahmad, J. Avruch, and J. R. Woodgett. 1994. The stress-activated protein kinase subfamily of c-Jun kinases. Nature 369: 156–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, F. S., J. Hagler, Z. J. Chen, and T. Maniatis. 1997. Activation of the IκBα kinase complex by MEKK1, a kinase of the JNK pathway. Cell 88: 213–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., H. Zhu, C. J. Xu, and J. Yuan. 1998. Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis. Cell 94: 491–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., Q. Lu, J. Y. Hwang, D. Buscher, K. F. Lee, J. C. Izpisua-Belmonte, and I. M. Verma. 1999. IKK1-deficient mice exhibit abnormal development of skin and skeleton. Genes Dev. 13: 1322–1328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., D. Van Antwerp, F. Mercurio, K. F. Lee, and I. M. Verma. 1999. Severe liver degeneration in mice lacking the IκB kinase 2 gene. Science 284: 321–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z. W., W. Chu, Y. Hu, M. Delhase, T. Deerinck, M. Ellisman, R. Johnson, and M. Karin. 1999. The IKKβ subunit of IκB kinase (IKK) is essential for nuclear factor κB activation and prevention of apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 189: 1839–1845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, A., A. Minden, H. Martinetto, F. X. Claret, C. Lange-Carter, F. Mercurio, G. L. Johnson, and M. Karin. 1995. Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2. Science 268: 286–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liston, P., N. Roy, K. Tamai, C. Lefebvre, S. Baird, G. Cherton-Horvat, R. Farahani, M. McLean, J. E. Ikeda, A. MacKenzie, and R. G. Korneluk. 1996. Suppression of apoptosis in mammalian cells by NAIP and a related family of IAP genes. Nature 379: 349–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z. G., H. Hsu, D. V. Goeddel, and M. Karin. 1996. Dissection of TNF receptor 1 effector functions: JNK activation is not linked to apoptosis while NF-κB activation prevents cell death. Cell 87: 565–576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locksley, R. M., N. Killeen, and M. J. Lenardo. 2001. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell 104: 487–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, X., I. Budihardjo, H. Zou, C. Slaughter, and X. Wang. 1998. Bid, a Bcl2 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors. Cell 94: 481–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makris, C., V. L. Godfrey, G. Krahn-Senftleben, T. Takahashi, J. L. Roberts, T. Schwarz, L. Feng, R. S. Johnson, and M. Karin. 2000. Female mice heterozygous for IKKγ/NEMO deficiencies develop a dermatopathy similar to the human X-linked disorder incontinentia pigmenti. Mol. Cell 5: 969–979.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• May, M. J., F. D'Acquisto, L. A. Madge, J. Glockner, J. S. Pober, and S. Ghosh. 2000. Selective inhibition of NF-κB activation by a peptide that blocks the interaction of NEMO with the IκB kinase complex. Science 289: 1550–1554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayne, G. C., and A. W. Murray. 1998. Evidence that protein kinase Cε mediates phorbol ester inhibition of calphostin C- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 24115–24121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercurio, F., B. W. Murray, A. Shevchenko, B. L. Bennett, D. B. Young, J. W. Li, G. Pascual, A. Motiwala, H. Zhu, M. Mann, and A. M. Manning. 1999. IκB kinase (IKK)-associated protein 1, a common component of the heterogeneous IKK complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 1526–1538.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mercurio, F., H. Zhu, B. W. Murray, A. Shevchenko, B. L. Bennett, J. Li, D. B. Young, M. Barbosa, M. Mann, A. Manning, and A. Rao. 1997. IKK-1 and IKK-2: cytokine-activated IκB kinases essential for NF-κB activation. Science 278: 860–866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minden, A., A. Lin, M. McMahon, C. Lange-Carter, B. Derijard, R. J. Davis, G. L. Johnson, and M. Karin. 1994. Differential activation of ERK and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases by Raf-1 and MEKK. Science 266: 1719–1723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzio, M., A. M. Chinnaiyan, F. C. Kischkel, K. O'Rourke, A. Shevchenko, J. Ni, C. Scaffidi, J. D. Bretz, M. Zhang, R. Gentz, M. Mann, P. H. Krammer, M. E. Peter, and V. M. Dixit. 1996. FLICE, a novel FADD-homologous ICE/CED-3-like protease, is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death-inducing signaling complex. Cell 85: 817–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natoli, G., A. Costanzo, A. Ianni, D. J. Templeton, J. R. Woodgett, C. Balsano, and M. Levrero. 1997. Activation of SAPK/JNK by TNF receptor 1 through a noncytotoxic TRAF2-dependent pathway. Science 275: 200–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemoto, S., J. A. DiDonato, and A. Lin. 1998. Coordinate regulation of IκB kinases by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 and NF-κB-inducing kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 7336–7343.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Regnier, C. H., H. Y. Song, X. Gao, D. V. Goeddel, Z. Cao, and M. Rothe. 1997. Identification and characterization of an IκB kinase. Cell 90: 373–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothwarf, D. M., E. Zandi, G. Natoli, and M. Karin. 1998. IKK-γ is an essential regulatory subunit of the IκB kinase complex. Nature 395: 297–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph, D., W. C. Yeh, A. Wakeham, B. Rudolph, D. Nallainathan, J. Potter, A. J. Elia, and T. W. Mak. 2000. Severe liver degeneration and lack of NF-κB activation in NEMO/IKKγ-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 14: 854–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Supprian, M., W. Bloch, G. Courtois, K. Addicks, A. Israel, K. Rajewsky, and M. Pasparakis. 2000. NEMO/IKKγ-deficient mice model incontinentia pigmenti. Mol. Cell 5: 981–992.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siebenlist, U., G. Franzoso, and K. Brown. 1994. Structure, regulation and function of NF-κ B. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 10: 405–455.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takeda, K., O. Takeuchi, T. Tsujimura, S. Itami, O. Adachi, T. Kawai, H. Sanjo, K. Yoshikawa, N. Terada, and S. Akira. 1999. Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKα. Science 284: 313–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M., M. E. Fuentes, K. Yamaguchi, M. H. Durnin, S. A. Dalrymple, K. L. Hardy, and D. V. Goeddel. 1999. Embryonic lethality, liver degeneration, and impaired NF-κB activation in IKK-β-deficient mice. Immunity 10: 421–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, G., Y. Minemoto, B. Dibling, N. H. Purcell, Z. Li, M. Karin, and A. Lin. 2001. Inhibition of JNK activation through NF-κB target genes. Nature 414: 313–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, G., J. Yang, Y. Minemoto, and A. Lin. 2001. Blocking caspase-3-mediated proteolysis of IKKβ suppresses TNFα-induced apoptosis. Mol. Cell 8: 1005–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tartaglia, L. A., and D. V. Goeddel. 1992. Two TNF receptors. Immunol. Today 13: 151–153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thanos, D., and T. Maniatis. 1995. NF-κB: a lesson in family values. Cell 80: 529–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracey, K. J., and A. Cerami. 1993. Tumor necrosis factor: an updated review of its biology. Crit. Care Med. 21: S415–S422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Antwerp, D. J., S. J. Martin, T. Kafri, D. R. Green, and I. M. Verma. 1996. Suppression of TNFα-induced apoptosis by NF-κB. Science 274: 787–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, I. M., J. K. Stevenson, E. M. Schwarz, D. Van Antwerp, and S. Miyamoto. 1995. Rel/NF-κB/IκB family: intimate tales of association and dissociation. Genes Dev. 9: 2723–2735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. Y., D. C. Guttridge, M. W. Mayo, and A. S. Baldwin, Jr. 1999. NF-κB induces expression of the Bcl-2 homologue A1/Bfl-1 to preferentially suppress chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 5923–5929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. Y., M. W. Mayo, R. G. Korneluk, D. V. Goeddel, and A. S. Baldwin, Jr. 1998. NF-κB antiapoptosis: induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 to suppress caspase-8 activation. Science 281: 1680–1683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K., X. M. Yin, D. T. Chao, C. L. Milliman, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 1996. BID: a novel BH3 domain-only death agonist. Genes Dev. 10: 2859–2869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woronicz, J. D., X. Gao, Z. Cao, M. Rothe, and D. V. Goeddel. 1997. IκB kinase-beta: NF-κB activation and complex formation with IκB kinase-α and NIK. Science 278: 866–869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaoka, S., G. Courtois, C. Bessia, S. T. Whiteside, R. Weil, F. Agou, H. E. Kirk, R. J. Kay, and A. Israel. 1998. Complementation cloning of NEMO, a component of the IκB kinase complex essential for NF-κB activation. Cell 93: 1231–1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zandi, E., D. M. Rothwarf, M. Delhase, M. Hayakawa, and M. Karin. 1997. The IκB kinase complex (IKK) contains two kinase subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, necessary for IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Cell 91: 243–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zha, J., S. Weiler, K. J. Oh, M. C. Wei, and S. J. Korsmeyer. 2000. Posttranslational N-myristoylation of BID as a molecular switch for targeting mitochondria and apoptosis. Science 290: 1761–1765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, C., J. Xiang, T. Hunter, and A. Lin. 1999. The JNKK2-JNK1 fusion protein acts as a constitutively active c-Jun kinase that stimulates c-Jun transcription activity. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 28966–28971.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar