The Drosophila Atypical Protein Kinase C-Ref(2)P Complex Constitutes a Conserved Module for Signaling in the Toll Pathway

REFERENCES

• Bergmann, A., D. Stein, R. Geisler, S. Hagenmaier, B. Schmid, N. Fernandez, B. Schnell, and C. Nusslein-Volhard. 1996. A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the nuclear localization gradient of the dorsal morphogen in Drosophila. Mech. Dev. 60: 109–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnard, M., C. Mirtsos, S. Suzuki, K. Graham, J. Huang, M. Ng, A. Itie, A. Wakeham, A. Shahinian, W. J. Henzel, A. J. Elia, W. Shillinglaw, T. W. Mak, Z. Cao, and W. C. Yeh. 2000. Deficiency of T2K leads to apoptotic liver degeneration and impaired NF-kappaB-dependent gene transcription. EMBO J. 19: 4976–4985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, Y., G. Bonizzi, T. N. Seagroves, F. R. Greten, R. Johnson, E. V. Schmidt, and M. Karin. 2001. IKKalpha provides an essential link between RANK signaling and cyclin D1 expression during mammary gland development. Cell 107: 763–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, Z., J. Xiong, M. Takeuchi, T. Kurama, and D. V. Goeddel. 1996. TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1. Nature 383: 443–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contamine, D., A. M. Petitjean, and M. Ashburner. 1989. Genetic resistance to viral infection: the molecular cloning of a Drosophila gene that restricts infection by the rhabdovirus sigma. Genetics 123: 525–533.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dezelee, S., F. Bras, D. Contamine, M. Lopez-Ferber, D. Segretain, and D. Teninges. 1989. Molecular analysis of ref(2)P, a Drosophila gene implicated in sigma rhabdovirus multiplication and necessary for male fertility. EMBO J. 8: 3437–3446.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diaz-Meco, M. T., and J. Moscat. 2001. MEK5, a new target of the atypical protein kinase C isoforms in mitogenic signaling. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 1218–1227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drier, E. A., S. Govind, and R. Steward. 2000. Cactus-independent regulation of Dorsal nuclear import by the ventral signal. Curr. Biol. 10: 23–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dushay, M. S., B. Asling, and D. Hultmark. 1996. Origins of immunity: Relish, a compound Rel-like gene in the antibacterial defense of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 10343–10347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, N. Q., J. Grosshans, J. S. Goltz, and D. Stein. 2001. Separable and redundant regulatory determinants in Cactus mediate its dorsal group dependent degradation. Development 128: 2963–2974.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoeflich, K. P., J. Luo, E. A. Rubie, M. S. Tsao, O. Jin, and J. R. Woodgett. 2000. Requirement for glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in cell survival and NF-kappaB activation. Nature 406: 86–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horng, T., and R. Medzhitov. 2001. Drosophila MyD88 is an adapter in the Toll signaling pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 12654–12658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., V. Baud, T. Oga, K. I. Kim, K. Yoshida, and M. Karin. 2001. IKKalpha controls formation of the epidermis independently of NF-kappaB. Nature 410: 710–714.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imler, J. L., and J. A. Hoffmann. 2001. Toll receptors in innate immunity. Trends Cell Biol. 11: 304–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferies, C., A. Bowie, G. Brady, E.-L. Cooke, X. Li, and L. A. J. O'Neill. 2001. Transactivation by the p65 subunit of NF-κB in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) involves MyD88, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, TRAF-6, and Rac1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 4544–4552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joberty, G., C. Petersen, L. Gao, and I. G. Macara. 2000. The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42. Nat. Cell Biol. 2: 531–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin, M. 1999. The beginning of the end: IkappaB kinase (IKK) and NF-kappaB activation. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 27339–27342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khush, R. S., F. Leulier, and B. Lemaitre. 2001. Drosophila immunity: two paths to NF-kappaB. Trends Immunol. 22: 260–264.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lallena, M.-J., M. T. Diaz-Meco, G. Bren, C. V. Payá, and J. Moscat. 1999. Activation of IκB kinase β by protein kinase C isoforms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 2180–2188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leitges, M., L. Sanz, P. Martin, A. Duran, U. Braun, J. F. Garcia, F. Camacho, M. T. Diaz-Meco, P. D. Rennert, and J. Moscat. 2001. Targeted disruption of the zetaPKC gene results in the impairment of the NF-kappaB pathway. Mol. Cell 8: 771–780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Q., G. Estepa, S. Memet, A. Israel, and I. M. Verma. 2000. Complete lack of NF-kappaB activity in IKK1 and IKK2 double-deficient mice: additional defect in neurulation. Genes Dev. 14: 1729–1733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, D., A. S. Edwards, J. P. Fawcett, G. Mbamalu, J. D. Scott, and T. Pawson. 2000. A mammalian PAR-3-PAR-6 complex implicated in Cdc42/Rac1 and aPKC signalling and cell polarity. Nat. Cell Biol. 2: 540–547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lomaga, M. A., W. C. Yeh, I. Sarosi, G. S. Duncan, C. Furlonger, A. Ho, S. Morony, C. Capparelli, G. Van, S. Kaufman, A. van der Heiden, A. Itie, A. Wakeham, W. Khoo, T. Sasaki, Z. Cao, J. M. Penninger, C. J. Paige, D. L. Lacey, C. R. Dunstan, W. J. Boyle, D. V. Goeddel, and T. W. Mak. 1999. TRAF6 deficiency results in osteopetrosis and defective interleukin-1, CD40, and LPS signaling. Genes Dev. 13: 1015–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscat, J., and M. T. Diaz-Meco. 2000. The atypical protein kinase Cs. Functional specificity mediated by specific protein adapters. EMBO Rep. 1: 399–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishizuka, Y. 1995. Protein kinase C and lipid signaling for sustained cellular responses. FASEB J. 9: 484–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponting, C. P., T. Ito, J. Moscat, M. T. Diaz-Meco, F. Inagaki, and H. Sumimoto. 2002. OPR, PC and AID: all in the PB1 family. Trends Biochem. Sci. 27: 10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu, R. G., A. Abo, and G. Steven Martin. 2000. A human homolog of the C. elegans polarity determinant Par-6 links Rac and Cdc42 to PKCzeta signaling and cell transformation. Curr. Biol. 10: 697–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez, P., G. De Carcer, I. V. Sandoval, J. Moscat, and M. T. Diaz-Meco. 1998. Localization of atypical protein kinase C isoforms into lysosome-targeted endosomes through interaction with p62. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 3069–3080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz, L., M. T. Diaz-Meco, H. Nakano, and J. Moscat. 2000. The atypical PKC-interacting protein p62 channels NF-kappaB activation by the IL-1-TRAF6 pathway. EMBO J. 19: 1576–1586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz, L., P. Sanchez, M. J. Lallena, M. T. Diaz-Meco, and J. Moscat. 1999. The interaction of p62 with RIP links the atypical PKCs to NF-kappaB activation. EMBO J. 18: 3044–3053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz, M. L., S. Bacher, and M. Kracht. 2001. I kappa B-independent control of NF-kappa B activity by modulatory phosphorylations. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26: 186–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, B., H. Liu, E. Y. Skolnik, and J. L. Manley. 2001. Physical and functional interactions between Drosophila TRAF2 and Pelle kinase contribute to Dorsal activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 8596–8601.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverman, N., and T. Maniatis. 2001. NF-kappaB signaling pathways in mammalian and insect innate immunity. Genes Dev. 15: 2321–2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman, N., R. Zhou, S. Stoven, N. Pandey, D. Hultmark, and T. Maniatis. 2000. A Drosophila IkappaB kinase complex required for Relish cleavage and antibacterial immunity. Genes Dev. 14: 2461–2471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sizemore, N., N. Lerner, N. Dombrowski, H. Sakurai, and G. R. Stark. 2002. Distinct roles of the Ikappa B kinase alpha and beta subunits in liberating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) from Ikappa B and in phosphorylating the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 3863–3869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoven, S., I. Ando, L. Kadalayil, Y. Engstrom, and D. Hultmark. 2000. Activation of the Drosophila NF-kappaB factor Relish by rapid endoproteolytic cleavage. EMBO Rep. 1: 347–352.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suzuki, A., T. Yamanaka, T. Hirose, N. Manabe, K. Mizuno, M. Shimizu, K. Akimoto, Y. Izumi, T. Ohnishi, and S. Ohno. 2001. Atypical protein kinase C is involved in the evolutionarily conserved par protein complex and plays a critical role in establishing epithelia-specific junctional structures. J. Cell Biol. 152: 1183–1196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tauszig-Delamasure, S., H. Bilak, M. Capovilla, J. A. Hoffmann, and J. L. Imler. 2002. Drosophila MyD88 is required for the response to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infections. Nat. Immunol. 3: 91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne, M. L., D. Contamine, and M. Kreitman. 1996. Molecular population genetics of ref(2)P, a locus which confers viral resistance in Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13: 191–199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wodarz, A., A. Ramrath, A. Grimm, and E. Knust. 2000. Drosophila atypical protein kinase C associates with Bazooka and controls polarity of epithelia and neuroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 150: 1361–1374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wooten, M. W., M. L. Seibenhener, V. Mamidipudi, M. T. Diaz-Meco, P. A. Barker, and J. Moscat. 2001. The atypical protein kinase C-interacting protein p62 is a scaffold for NF-kappaB activation by nerve growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 7709–7712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyers, F., A. M. Petitjean, P. Dru, P. Gay, and D. Contamine. 1995. Localization of domains within the Drosophila Ref(2)P protein involved in the intracellular control of sigma rhabdovirus multiplication. J. Virol. 69: 4463–4470.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yin, L., L. Wu, H. Wesche, C. D. Arthur, J. M. White, D. V. Goeddel, and R. D. Schreiber. 2001. Defective lymphotoxin-beta receptor-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in NIK-deficient mice. Science 291: 2162–2165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar