18
Views
116
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Gene Expression

Steroid Receptor RNA Activator Stimulates Proliferation as Well as Apoptosis In Vivo

, , , , &
Pages 7163-7176 | Received 03 Mar 2003, Accepted 07 Jul 2003, Published online: 27 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Bocchinfuso, W. P., and K. S. Korach. 1997. Mammary gland development and tumorigenesis in estrogen receptor knockout mice. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 2: 323–334.
  • Bonnette, S. G., F. S. Kittrell, L. C. Stephens, R. E. Meyn, and D. Medina. 1999. Interactions of apoptosis, proliferation and host age in the regression of the mouse mammary preneoplasia, TM3, carrying an unusual mutation in p53. Carcinogenesis 20: 1715–1720.
  • Brisken, C., S. Park, T. Vass, J. P. Lydon, B. W. O'Malley, and R. A. Weinberg. 1998. A paracrine role for the epithelial progesterone receptor in mammary gland development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 5076–5081.
  • Cardiff, R. D. 2001. Validity of mouse mammary tumour models for human breast cancer: comparative pathology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52: 224–230.
  • Choi, Y. W., D. Henrard, I. Lee, and S. R. Ross. 1987. The mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat directs expression in epithelial and lymphoid cells of different tissues in transgenic mice. J. Virol. 61: 3013–3019.
  • Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162: 156–159.
  • Chua, S. S., Z. Q. Ma, L. Gong, S. H. Lin, F. J. DeMayo, and S. Y. Tsai. 2002. Ectopic expression of FGF-3 results in abnormal prostate and Wolffian duct development. Oncogene 21: 1899–1908.
  • Church, G. M., and W. Gilbert. 1984. Genomic sequencing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 1991–1995.
  • Couse, J. F., and K. S. Korach. 1999. Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us? Endocr. Rev. 20: 358–417.
  • Cox, K. H., D. V. DeLeon, L. M. Angerer, and R. C. Angerer. 1984. Detection of mRNAs in sea urchin embryos by in situ hybridization using asymmetric RNA probes. Dev. Biol. 101: 485–502.
  • DeOrne, K. B., L. J. Faulkin, H. A. Bern, and P. B. Blair. 1959. Development of mammary tumors from hyperplastic alveolar nodules transplanted into gland-free mammary fat pads of females C3H mice. Cancer Res. 19: 515.
  • Donehower, L. A., A. L. Huang, and G. L. Hager. 1981. Regulatory and coding potential of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal redundancy. J. Virol. 37: 226–238.
  • Gouon-Evans, V., and J. W. Pollard. 2002. Unexpected deposition of brown fat in mammary gland during postnatal development. Mol. Endocrinol. 16: 2618–2627.
  • Huang, A. L., M. C. Ostrowski, D. Berard, and G. L. Hager. 1981. Glucocorticoid regulation of the Ha-MuSV p21 gene conferred by sequences from mouse mammary tumor virus. Cell 27: 245–255.
  • Hutchinson, J. N., and W. J. Muller. 2000. Transgenic mouse models of human breast cancer. Oncogene 19: 6130–6137.
  • Ismail, P. M., J. Li, F. J. DeMayo, B. W. O'Malley, and J. P. Lydon. 2002. A novel LacZ reporter mouse reveals complex regulation of the progesterone receptor promoter during mammary gland development. Mol. Endocrinol. 16: 2475–2489.
  • Klaus, S. 1997. Functional differentiation of white and brown adipocytes. Bioessays 19: 215–223.
  • Lanz, R. B., N. J. McKenna, S. A. Onate, U. Albrecht, J. Wong, S. Y. Tsai, M. J. Tsai, and B. W. O'Malley. 1999. A steroid receptor coactivator, SRA, functions as an RNA and is present in an SRC-1 complex. Cell 97: 17–27.
  • Lanz, R. B., B. Razani, A. D. Goldberg, and B. W. O'Malley. 2002. Distinct RNA motifs are important for coactivation of steroid hormone receptors by steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 16081–16086.
  • Leygue, E., H. Dotzlaw, P. H. Watson, and L. C. Murphy. 1999. Expression of the steroid receptor RNA activator in human breast tumors. Cancer Res. 59: 4190–4193.
  • Li, Y., W. P. Hively, and H. E. Varmus. 2000. Use of MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice for studying the genetic basis of breast cancer. Oncogene 19: 1002–1009.
  • Lydon, J. P., F. J. DeMayo, C. R. Funk, S. K. Mani, A. R. Hughes, C. A. Montgomery, Jr., G. Shyamala, O. M. Conneely, and B. W. O'Malley. 1995. Mice lacking progesterone receptor exhibit pleiotropic reproductive abnormalities. Genes Dev. 9: 2266–2278.
  • Mangelsdorf, D. J., C. Thummel, M. Beato, P. Herrlich, G. Schutz, K. Umesono, B. Blumberg, P. Kastner, M. Mark, P. Chambon, et al. 1995. The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade. Cell 83: 835–839.
  • Marquis, S. T., J. V. Rajan, A. Wynshaw-Boris, J. Xu, G. Y. Yin, K. J. Abel, B. L. Weber, and L. A. Chodosh. 1995. The developmental pattern of Brca1 expression implies a role in differentiation of the breast and other tissues. Nat. Genet. 11: 17–26.
  • Master, S. R., J. L. Hartman, C. M. D'Cruz, S. E. Moody, E. A. Keiper, S. I. Ha, J. D. Cox, G. K. Belka, and L. A. Chodosh. 2002. Functional microarray analysis of mammary organogenesis reveals a developmental role in adaptive thermogenesis. Mol. Endocrinol. 16: 1185–1203.
  • Murphy, L. C., S. L. Simon, A. Parkes, E. Leygue, H. Dotzlaw, L. Snell, S. Troup, A. Adeyinka, and P. H. Watson. 2000. Altered expression of estrogen receptor coregulators during human breast tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 60: 6266–6271.
  • Neville, M. C., and C. W. Daniel. 1987. The mammary gland: development, regulation, and function. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
  • Norris, J. D., D. Fan, A. Sherk, and D. P. McDonnell. 2002. A negative coregulator for the human ER. Mol. Endocrinol. 16: 459–468.
  • Pattengale, P. K., T. A. Stewart, A. Leder, E. Sinn, W. Muller, I. Tepler, E. Schmidt, and P. Leder. 1989. Animal models of human disease. Pathology and molecular biology of spontaneous neoplasms occurring in transgenic mice carrying and expressing activated cellular oncogenes. Am. J. Pathol. 135: 39–61.
  • Prins, G. S., and L. Birch. 1995. The developmental pattern of androgen receptor expression in rat prostate lobes is altered after neonatal exposure to estrogen. Endocrinology 136: 1303–1314.
  • Said, T. K., O. M. Conneely, D. Medina, B. W. O'Malley, and J. P. Lydon. 1997. Progesterone, in addition to estrogen, induces cyclin D1 expression in the murine mammary epithelial cell, in vivo. Endocrinology 138: 3933–3939.
  • Sakakura, T., Y. Nishizuka, and C. J. Dawe. 1976. Mesenchyme-dependent morphogenesis and epithelium-specific cytodifferentiation in mouse mammary gland. Science 194: 1439–1441.
  • Sakakura, T., Y. Sakagami, and Y. Nishizuka. 1982. Dual origin of mesenchymal tissues participating in mouse mammary gland embryogenesis. Dev. Biol. 91: 202–207.
  • Seagroves, T. N., J. P. Lydon, R. C. Hovey, B. K. Vonderhaar, and J. M. Rosen. 2000. C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) controls cell fate determination during mammary gland development. Mol. Endocrinol. 14: 359–368.
  • Shi, Y., M. Downes, W. Xie, H. Y. Kao, P. Ordentlich, C. C. Tsai, M. Hon, and R. M. Evans. 2001. Sharp an inducible cofactor that integrates nuclear receptor repression and activation. Genes Dev. 15: 1140–1151.
  • Shyamala, G., X. Yang, R. D. Cardiff, and E. Dale. 2000. Impact of progesterone receptor on cell-fate decisions during mammary gland development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 3044–3049.
  • Shyamala, G., X. Yang, G. Silberstein, M. H. Barcellos-Hoff, and E. Dale. 1998. Transgenic mice carrying an imbalance in the native ratio of A to B forms of progesterone receptor exhibit developmental abnormalities in mammary glands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 696–701.
  • Sinn, E., W. Muller, P. Pattengale, I. Tepler, R. Wallace, and P. Leder. 1987. Coexpression of MMTV/v-Ha-ras and MMTV/c-myc genes in transgenic mice: synergistic action of oncogenes in vivo. Cell 49: 465–475.
  • Sivaraman, L., S. G. Hilsenbeck, L. Zhong, J. Gay, O. M. Conneely, D. Medina, and B. W. O'Malley. 2001. Early exposure of the rat mammary gland to estrogen and progesterone blocks co-localization of estrogen receptor expression and proliferation. J. Endocrinol. 171: 75–83.
  • Soyal, S., P. M. Ismail, J. Li, B. Mulac-Jericevic, O. M. Conneely, and J. P. Lydon. 2002. Progesterone's role in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis as disclosed by experimental mouse genetics. Breast Cancer Res. 4: 191–196.
  • Spicer, D. V., E. A. Krecker, and M. C. Pike. 1995. The endocrine prevention of breast cancer. Cancer Investig. 13: 495–504.
  • Stewart, T. A., P. K. Pattengale, and P. Leder. 1984. Spontaneous mammary adenocarcinomas in transgenic mice that carry and express MTV/myc fusion genes. Cell 38: 627–637.
  • Strange, R., F. Li, S. Saurer, A. Burkhardt, and R. R. Friis. 1992. Apoptotic cell death and tissue remodelling during mouse mammary gland involution. Development 115: 49–58.
  • Taketo, M., A. C. Schroeder, L. E. Mobraaten, K. B. Gunning, G. Hanten, R. R. Fox, T. H. Roderick, C. L. Stewart, F. Lilly, C. T. Hansen, et al. 1991. FVB/N: an inbred mouse strain preferable for transgenic analyses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 2065–2069.
  • Tsai, M. J., and B. W. O'Malley. 1994. Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63: 451–486.
  • Watanabe, M., J. Yanagisawa, H. Kitagawa, K. Takeyama, S. Ogawa, Y. Arao, M. Suzawa, Y. Kobayashi, T. Yano, H. Yoshikawa, Y. Masuhiro, and S. Kato. 2001. A subfamily of RNA-binding DEAD-box proteins acts as an estrogen receptor alpha coactivator through the N-terminal activation domain (AF-1) with an RNA coactivator, SRA. EMBO J. 20: 1341–1352.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.