EphA3 Null Mutants Do Not Demonstrate Motor Axon Guidance Defects

REFERENCES

• Brambilla, R., and R. Klein. 1995. Telling axons where to grow: a role for eph receptor tyrosine kinases in guidance. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 6: 487–495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, A., P. A. Yates, P. Burrola, D. Ortuno, A. Vaidya, T. M. Jessell, S. L. Pfaff, D. D. O'Leary, and G. Lemke. 2000. Topographic mapping from the retina to the midbrain is controlled by relative but not absolute levels of EphA receptor signaling. Cell 102: 77–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, H., and J. Flanagan. 1994. Identification and cloning of Elf-1, a developmentally expressed ligand for the Mek4 and Sek receptor kinases. Cell 79: 157–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, H., M. Nakamoto, A. Bergmann, and J. Flanagan. 1995. Complementary gradients in expression and binding of Elf-1 and Mek4 in development of the topographic retinotectal projection map. Cell 82: 371–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donoghue, M., R. Lewis, J. Merlie, and J. Sanes. 1996. The Eph kinase ligand AL-1 is expressed by rostral muscles and inhibits outgrowth from caudal neurons. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 8: 185–198.
   Google Scholar
• Dottori, M., L. Hartley, M. Galea, G. Paxinos, M. Polizzotto, T. Kilpatrick, P. Bartlett, M. Murphy, F. Kontgen, and A. Boyd. 1998. EphA4 (Sek1) receptor tyrosine kinase is required for the development of the corticospinal tract. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 13248–13253.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drescher, U., F. Bonhoeffer, and B. Muller. 1997. The Eph family in retinal axon guidance. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 7: 75–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drescher, U., C. Kremoser, C. Handwerker, J. Loschinger, M. Noda, and F. Bonhoeffer. 1995. In vitro guidance of retinal ganglion cell axons by RAGS, a 25-kDa tectal protein related to ligands for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 82: 359–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhart, J., M. Swartz, S. A. Koblar, E. B. Pasquale, H. Tanaka, and C. E. Krull. 2000. Expression of EphA4, ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A5 during axon outgrowth to the hindlimb indicates potential roles in pathfinding. Dev. Neurosci. 22: 237–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldheim, D. A., Y. I. Kim, A. D. Bergemann, J. Frisen, M. Barbacid, and J. G. Flanagan. 2000. Genetic analysis of ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A5 shows their requirement in multiple aspects of retinocollicular mapping. Neuron 25: 563–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, G., M. B. Laskowski, D. A. Feldheim, H. Wang, R. Lewis, J. Frisen, J. G. Flanagan, and J. R. Sanes. 2000. Roles for ephrins in positionally selective synaptogenesis between motor neurons and muscle fibers. Neuron 25: 295–306.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferns, M. J., and M. Hollyday. 1993. Motor innervation of dorsoventrally reversed wings in chick/quail chimeric embryos. J. Neurosci. 13: 2463–2476.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fetcho, J. R. 1987. A review of the organization and evolution of motoneurons innervating the axial musculature of vertebrates. Brain Res. 434: 243–280.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flenniken, A. M., N. W. Gale, G. D. Yancopoulos, and D. G. Wilkinson. 1996. Distinct and overlapping expression patterns of ligands for Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases during mouse embryogenesis. Dev. Biol. 179: 382–401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frisen, J., P. Yates, T. McLaughlin, G. Friedman, D. O'Leary, and M. Barbacid. 1998. Ephrin A5 (AL-1/RAGS) is essential for proper retinal axon guidance and topographic mapping in the mammalian visual system. Neuron 20: 235–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gale, N., D. Valenzuela, A. Flenniken, L. Pan, T. Ryan, M. Henkemeyer, K. Strebhardt, H. Hirai, D. Wilkinson, T. Pawson, and G. Yancopoulos. 1996. Eph receptors and ligands comprise two major specificity subclasses and are reciprocally compartmentalized during embryogenesis. Neuron 17: 9–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, P., J. Xhang, M. Yokoyama, B. Racey, C. Dreyfus, I. Black, and R. Zhou. 1996. Regulation of topographic projection in the brain: Elf-1 in the hippocamposeptal system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 11161–11166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, W., and C. Holt. 1995. From tags to RAGS: chemoaffinity finally has receptors and ligands. Neuron 15: 241–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmbacher, F., S. Schneider-Maunoury, P. Topilko, L. Tiret, and P. Charnay. 2000. Targeting of the EphA4 tyrosine kinase receptor affects dorsal/ventral pathfinding of limb motor axons. Development 127: 3313–3324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollyday, M. 1980. Organization of motor pools in the chick lumbar lateral motor column. J. Comp. Neurol. 194: 143–170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hornberger, M., D. Dutting, T. Ciossek, T. Yamada, C. Hendwerker, S. Lang, F. Weth, J. Huf, R. Webel, C. Logan, H. Tanaka, and U. Drescher. 1999. Modulation of ephA receptor function by coexpressed ephrinA ligands on retinal ganglion cell axons. Neuron 22: 731–742.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwamasa, H., K. Ohta, T. Yamada, K. Ushijima, H. Terasaki, and H. Tanaka. 1999. Expression of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands in chick embryonic motor neurons and hindlimb muscles. Dev. Growth Differ. 41: 685–698.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kilpatrick, T. J., A. Brown, C. Lai, M. Gassmann, M. Goulding, and G. Lemke. 1996. Expression of the Tyro4/Mek4/Cek4 gene specifically marks a subset of embryonic motor neurons and their muscle targets. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 7: 62–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knoll, B., K. Zarbalis, W. Wurst, and U. Drescher. 2001. A role for the EphA family in the topographic targeting of vomeronasal axons. Development 128: 895–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lance-Jones, C., and M. Dias. 1991. The influence of presumptive limb connective tissue on motoneuron axon guidance. Dev. Biol. 143: 93–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lance-Jones, C., and L. Landmesser. 1980. Motoneurone projection patterns in the chick hind limb following early partial reversals of the spinal cord. J. Physiol. 302: 581–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lance-Jones, C., and L. Landmesser. 1981. Pathway selection by embryonic chick motoneurons in an experimentally altered environment. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 214: 19–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landmesser, L. 1978. The development of motor projection patterns in the chick hind limb. J. Physiol. 284: 391–414.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laskowski, M. B., and J. R. Sanes. 1987. Topographic mapping of motor pools onto skeletal muscles. J. Neurosci. 7: 252–260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marcus, R., N. Gale, M. Morrison, C. Mason, and G. Yancopoulos. 1996. Eph family receptors and their ligands distribute in opposing gradients in the developing mouse retina. Dev. Biol. 180: 786–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamoto, et al. 1996. Topographically specific effects of Elf-1 on retinal axon guidance in vitro and retinal axon guidance in vivo. Cell 86: 755–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakao, T., and A. Ishizawa. 1994. Development of the spinal nerves in the mouse with special reference to innervation of the axial musculature. Anat. Embryol. 89: 115–138.
   Google Scholar
• Ohta, K., H. Iwamasa, U. Drescher, H. Terasaki, and H. Tanaka. 1997. The inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth of motoneurons exerted by the ligands ELF-1 and RAGS. Mech. Dev. 64: 127–135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Leary, D., and D. Wilkinson. 1999. Eph receptors and ephrins in neural development. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 9: 65–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orioli, D., and R. Klein. 1997. The Eph receptor family: axonal guidance by contact repulsion. Trends Genet. 13: 354–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, A., H. Shao, R. M. Marks, P. J. Polverini, and V. M. Dixit. 1995. Role of B61, the ligand for the Eck receptor tyrosine kinase, in TNF-alpha-induced angiogenesis. Science 268: 567–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S., J. Frisen, and M. Barbacid. 1997. Aberrant axonal projections in mice lacking EphA8 (Eek) tyrosine protein kinase receptors. EMBO J. 16: 3106–3114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Schaeren-Wiemers, N., and A. Gerfin-Moser. 1993. A single protocol to detect transcripts of various types and expression levels in neural tissue and cultured cells: in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes. Histochemistry 100: 431–440.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma, K., A. E. Leonard, K. Lettieri, and S. L. Pfaff. 2000. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to motor neuron pathfinding. Nature 406: 515–519.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma, K., H. Z. Sheng, K. Lettieri, H. Li, A. Karavanov, S. Potter, H. Westphal, and S. L. Pfaff. 1998. LIM homeodomain factors Lhx3 and Lhx4 assign subtype identities for motor neurons. Cell 95: 817–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosney, K. 1991. Cells and cell interactions that guide motor axons in the developing chick embryo. Bioessays 13: 17–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tosney, K. W. 1987. Proximal tissues and patterned neurite outgrowth at the lumbosacral level of the chick embryo: deletion of the dermamyotome. Dev. Biol. 122: 540–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchida, T., M. Ensini, S. Morton, M. Baldassare, T. Edlund, T. Jessell, and S. Pfaff. 1994. Topographic organization of embryonic motor neurons defined by expression of LIM homeobox genes. Cell 79: 957–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winslow, J., P. Moran, J. Valverde, A. Shih, J. Yuan, S. Wong, S. Tsai, A. Goddard, W. Henzel, F. Hefti, K. Beck, and I. Caras. 1995. Cloning of AL-1, a ligand for an Eph-related tyrosine kinase receptor involved in axon bundle formation. Neuron 14: 973–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar