Architectural Arrangement of Cloned Proximal Sequence Element-Binding Protein Subunits on Drosophila U1 and U6 snRNA Gene Promoters

REFERENCES

• Bai, L., Wang Z., Yoon J.-B., and Roeder R. G.. 1996. Cloning and characterization of the β subunit of human proximal sequence element-binding transcription factor and its involvement in transcription of small nuclear RNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:5419–5426.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dahlberg, J. E., and Lund E.. 1988. The genes and transcription of the major small nuclear RNAs, p. 38–70. In Birnstiel M. L. (ed.), Structure and function of major and minor small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Springer Verlag KG, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlberg, J. E., and Lund E.. 1991. How does III × II make U6? Science 254:1462–1463.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Das, A., and Bellofatto V.. 2003. RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in trypanosomes is associated with a SNAP complex-like transcription factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:80–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hardin, S. B., Ortler C. J., McNamara-Schroeder K. J., and Stumph W. E.. 2000. Similarities and differences in the conformation of protein-DNA complexes at the U1 and U6 snRNA gene promoters. Nucleic Acids Res. 28:2771–2778.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henry, R. W., Ford E., Mital R., Mittal V., and Hernandez N.. 1998. Crossing the line between RNA polymerases: transcription of human snRNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 63:111–120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henry, R. W., Ma B. C., Sadowski C. L., Kobayashi R., and Hernandez N.. 1996. Cloning and characterization of SNAP50, a subunit of the snRNA-activating protein complex SNAPc. EMBO J. 15:7129–7136.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henry, R. W., Mittal V., Ma B. C., Kobayashi R., and Hernandez N.. 1998. SNAP19 mediates the assembly of a functional core promoter complex (SNAPc) shared by RNA polymerases II and III. Genes Dev. 12:2664–2672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, R. W., Sadowski C. L., Kobayashi R., and Hernandez N.. 1995. A TBP-TAF complex required for transcription of human snRNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III. Nature 374:653–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez, N. 1993. TBP, a universal eukaryotic transcription factor? Genes Dev. 7:1291–1308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez, N. 2001. snRNA genes: a model system to study fundamental mechanisms of transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 276:26733–26736.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hinkley, C. S., Hirsch H. A., Gu L. P., LaMere B., and Henry R. W.. 2003. The small nuclear RNA-activating protein 190 Myb DNA binding domain stimulates TATA box-binding protein-TATA box recognition. J. Biol. Chem. 278:18649–18657.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen, R. C., Wang Y., Hardin S. B., and Stumph W. E.. 1998. The proximal sequence element (PSE) plays a major role in establishing the RNA polymerase specificity of Drosophila U-snRNA genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:616–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, T. K., Lagrange T., Wang Y. H., Griffith J. D., Reinberg D., and Ebright R. H.. 1997. Trajectory of DNA in the RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12268–12273.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lagrange, T., Kim T.-K., Orphanides G., Ebright Y. W., Ebright R. H., and Reinberg D.. 1996. High-resolution mapping of nucleoprotein complexes by site-specific protein-DNA photo-cross-linking: organization of the human TBP-TFIIA-TFIIB-DNA quaternary complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:10620–10625.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lo, P. C. H., and Mount S. M.. 1990. Drosophila melanogaster genes for U1 snRNA variants and their expression during development. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6971–6979.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lobo, S. M., and Hernandez N.. 1989. A 7 bp mutation converts a human RNA polymerase II snRNA promoter into an RNA polymerase III promoter. Cell 58:55–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo, S. M., and Hernandez N. T.. 1994. Transcription of snRNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III, p. 127–159. In Conaway R. C. and Conaway J. W. (ed.), Transcription: mechanisms and regulation. Raven Press, New York, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, B., and Hernandez N.. 2001. A map of protein-protein contacts within the small nuclear RNA-activating protein complex SNAPc. J. Biol. Chem. 276:5027–5035.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ma, B., and Hernandez N.. 2002. Redundant cooperative interactions for assembly of a human U6 transcription initiation complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:8067–8078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattaj, I. W., Dathan N. A., Parry H. D., Carbon P., and Krol A.. 1988. Changing the RNA polymerase specificity of U snRNA gene promoters. Cell 55:435–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara-Schroeder, K. J., Hennessey R. F., Harding G. A., Jensen R. C., and Stumph W. E.. 2001. The Drosophila U1 and U6 gene proximal sequence elements act as important determinants of the RNA polymerase specificity of snRNA gene promoters in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 276:31786–31792.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mittal, V., Ma B. C., and Hernandez N.. 1999. SNAPc: a core promoter factor with a built-in DNA-binding damper that is deactivated by the Oct-1 POU domain. Genes Dev. 13:1807–1821.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy, S., Yoon J.-B., Gerster T., and Roeder R. G.. 1992. Oct-1 and Oct-2 potentiate functional interactions of a transcription factor with the proximal sequence element of small nuclear RNA genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:3247–3261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata, K., Morikawa S., Nakamura H., Sekikawa A., Inoue T., Kanai H., Sarai A., Ishii S., and Nishimura Y.. 1994. Solution structure of a specific DNA complex of the Myb DNA-binding domain with cooperative recognition helices. Cell 79:639–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry, H. D., Scherly D., and Mattaj I. W.. 1989. Snurpogenesis: the transcription and assembly of U snRNP components. Trends Biochem. Sci. 14:15–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowski, C. L., Henry R. W., Kobayashi R., and Hernandez N.. 1996. The SNAP45 subunit of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) activating protein complex is required for RNA polymerase II and III snRNA gene transcription and interacts with the TATA box binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4289–4293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sadowski, C. L., Henry R. W., Lobo S. M., and Hernandez N.. 1993. Targeting TBP to a non-TATA box cis-regulatory element: a TBP-containing complex activates transcription from snRNA promoters through the PSE. Genes Dev. 7:1535–1548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, Y., Song Y., Wang Y., Jessop L., Zhan L. C., and Stumph W. E.. 1997. Characterization of a Drosophila proximal-sequence-element-binding protein involved in transcription of small nuclear RNA genes. Eur. J. Biochem. 248:231–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanikawa, J., Yasukawa T., Enari M., Ogata K., Nishimura Y., Ishii S., and Sarai A.. 1993. Recognition of specific DNA sequences by the c-myb protooncogene product: role of three repeat units in the DNA-binding domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:9320–9324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldschmidt, R., Wanandi I., and Seifart K. H.. 1991. Identification of transcription factors required for the expression of mammalian U6 genes in vitro. EMBO J. 10:2595–2603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanandi, I., Waldschmidt R., and Seifart K. H.. 1993. Mammalian transcription factor PBP. Characterization of its binding properties to the proximal sequence element of U6 genes. J. Biol. Chem. 268:6629–6640.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, Y., and Stumph W. E.. 1998. Identification and topological arrangement of Drosophila proximal sequence element (PSE)-binding protein subunits that contact the PSEs of U1 and U6 small nuclear RNA genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:1570–1579.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong, M. W., Henry R. W., Ma B., Kobayashi R., Klages N., Matthias P., Strubin M., and Hernandez N.. 1998. The large subunit of basal transcription factor SNAPc is a Myb domain protein that interacts with Oct-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:368–377.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang, S.-W., and Nash H. A.. 1994. Specific photo-cross-linking of DNA-protein complexes: identification of contacts between integration host factor and its target DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12183–12187.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoon, J.-B., Murphy S., Bai L., Wang Z., and Roeder R. G.. 1995. Proximal sequence element-binding transcription factor (PTF) is a multisubunit complex required for transcription of both RNA polymerase II- and RNA polymerase III-dependent small nuclear RNA genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2019–2027.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoon, J.-B., and Roeder R. G.. 1996. Cloning of two proximal sequence element-binding transcription factor subunits (γ and δ) that are required for transcription of small nuclear RNA genes by RNA polymerases II and III and interact with the TATA-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zamrod, Z., Tyree C. M., Song Y., and Stumph W. E.. 1993. In vitro transcription of a Drosophila U1 small nuclear RNA gene requires TATA box-binding protein and two proximal cis-acting elements with stringent spacing requirements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:5918–5927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar