Nucleophosmin Sets a Threshold for p53 Response to UV Radiation

REFERENCES

• Abraham, R. T. 2001. Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases. Genes Dev. 15:2177–2196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appella, E., and Anderson C. W.. 2001. Post-translational modifications and activation of p53 by genotoxic stresses. Eur. J. Biochem. 268:2764–2772.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Canman, C. E., Lim D. S., Cimprich K. A., Taya Y., Tamai K., Sakaguchi K., Appella E., Kastan M. B., and Siliciano J. D.. 1998. Activation of the ATM kinase by ionizing radiation and phosphorylation of p53. Science 281:1677–1679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, P. K., Aldrich M., Cook R. G., and Busch H.. 1986. Amino acid sequence of protein B23 phosphorylation site. J. Biol. Chem. 261:1868–1872.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan, W. Y., Liu Q. R., Borjigin J., Busch H., Rennert O. M., Tease L. A., and Chan P. K.. 1989. Characterization of the cDNA encoding human nucleophosmin and studies of its role in normal and abnormal growth. Biochemistry 28:1033–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, D., Chen F., Zhang F., McKay B. C., and Ljungman M.. 1999. Dose-dependent effects of DNA-damaging agents on p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. Cell Growth Differ. 10:155–162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colombo, E., Marine J. C., Danovi D., Falini B., and Pelicci P. G.. 2002. Nucleophosmin regulates the stability and transcriptional activity of p53. Nat. Cell Biol. 4:529–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, S. P., Reddy H., Caivano M., and Cohen P.. 2000. Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. Biochem. J. 351:95–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derenzini, M. 2000. The AgNORs. Micron 31:117–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drexler, H. G., Gignac S. M., von Wasielewski R., Werner M., and Dirks W. G.. 2000. Pathobiology of NPM-ALK and variant fusion genes in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other lymphomas. Leukemia 14:1533–1559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• el-Deiry, W. S., T. Tokino, V. E. Velculescu, D. B. Levy, R. Parsons, J. M. Trent, D. Lin, W. E. Mercer, K. W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75:817–825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornace, A. J., Jr., Alamo I., Jr., and Hollander M. C.. 1988. DNA damage-inducible transcripts in mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8800–8804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heffernan, T. P., Simpson D. A., Frank A. R., Heinloth A. N., Paules R. S., Cordeiro-Stone M., and Kaufmann W. K.. 2002. An ATR- and Chk1-dependent S checkpoint inhibits replicon initiation following UVC-induced DNA damage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:8552–8561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, P. S., and Yung B. Y.. 1999. Down-regulation of nucleophosmin/B23 mRNA delays the entry of cells into mitosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 257:865–870.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kapoor, M., Hamm R., Yan W., Taya Y., and Lozano G.. 2000. Cooperative phosphorylation at multiple sites is required to activate p53 in response to UV radiation. Oncogene 19:358–364.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kapoor, M., and Lozano G.. 1998. Functional activation of p53 via phosphorylation following DNA damage by UV but not γ radiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:2834–2837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastan, M. B., Zhan Q., el-Deiry W. S., Carrier F., Jacks T., Walsh W. V., Plunkett B. S., Vogelstein B., and Fornace A. J., Jr. 1992. A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia. Cell 71:587–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern, S. E., Pietenpol J. A., Thiagalingam S., Seymour A., Kinzler K. W., and Vogelstein B.. 1992. Oncogenic forms of p53 inhibit p53-regulated gene expression. Science 256:827–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo, T., Minamino N., Nagamura-Inoue T., Matsumoto M., Taniguchi T., and Tanaka N.. 1997. Identification and characterization of nucleophosmin/B23/numatrin which binds the anti-oncogenic transcription factor IRF-1 and manifests oncogenic activity. Oncogene 15:1275–1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, J., Blake M., Tang C., Zimmer D., Rustandi R. R., Weber D. J., and Carrier F.. 2001. Inhibition of p53 transcriptional activity by the S100B calcium-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 276:35037–35041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda, T., Chong M. T., Espino R. A., Chua P. P., Cao J. Q., Chomey E. G., Luong L., and Tron V. A.. 2002. Role of p21(Waf-1) in regulating the G1 and the G2/M checkpoints in ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocytes. J. Investig. Dermatol. 119:513–521.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okuda, M., Horn H. F., Tarapore P., Tokuyama Y., Smulian A. G., Chan P. K., Knudsen E. S., Hofmann I. A., Snyder J. D., Bove K. E., and Fukasawa K.. 2000. Nucleophosmin/B23 is a target of CDK2/cyclin E in centrosome duplication. Cell 103:127–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, A., Gu Y., Mahoney W., Lee S. H., Singh K. K., and Lu A. L.. 2001. Human homolog of the MutY repair protein (hMYH) physically interacts with proteins involved in long patch DNA base excision repair. J. Biol. Chem. 276:5547–5555.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siliciano, J. D., Canman C. E., Taya Y., Sakaguchi K., Appella E., and Kastan M. B.. 1997. DNA damage induces phosphorylation of the amino terminus of p53. Genes Dev. 11:3471–3481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takemura, M., Sato K., Nishio M., Akiyama T., Umekawa H., and Yoshida S.. 1999. Nucleolar protein B23.1 binds to retinoblastoma protein and synergistically stimulates DNA polymerase alpha activity. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 125:904–909.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Todd, M. D., Lee M. J., Williams J. L., Nalezny J. M., Gee P., Benjamin M. B., and Farr S. B.. 1995. The CAT-Tox (L) assay: a sensitive and specific measure of stress-induced transcription in transformed human liver cells. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 28:118–128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tokuyama, Y., Horn H. F., Kawamura K., Tarapore P., and Fukasawa K.. 2001. Specific phosphorylation of nucleophosmin on Thr(199) by cyclin-dependent kinase 2-cyclin E and its role in centrosome duplication. J. Biol. Chem. 276:21529–21537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vousden, K. H. 2002. Activation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1602:47–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J. A., Fan S., Yuan R. Q., Ma Y. X., Meng Q., Goldberg I. D., and Rosen E. M.. 1999. Ultraviolet radiation down-regulates expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in human cancer cells independently of p53. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 75:301–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, M. H., Chang J. H., and Yung B. Y.. 2002. Resistance to UV-induced cell-killing in nucleophosmin/B23 over-expressed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts: enhancement of DNA repair and up-regulation of PCNA in association with nucleophosmin/B23 over-expression. Carcinogenesis 23:93–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang, C., Maiguel D. A., and Carrier F.. 2002. Identification of nucleolin and nucleophosmin as genotoxic stress-responsive RNA-binding proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 30:2251–2260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhan, Q., Carrier F., and Fornace A. J., Jr. 1993. Induction of cellular p53 activity by DNA-damaging agents and growth arrest. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4242–4250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar