16
Views
37
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

The Chinese Hamster Dihydrofolate Reductase Replication Origin Decision Point Follows Activation of Transcription and Suppresses Initiation of Replication within Transcription Units

, , , , &
Pages 1051-1062 | Received 07 Sep 2005, Accepted 15 Nov 2005, Published online: 27 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Abdurashidova, G., M. Deganuto, R. Klima, S. Riva, G. Biamonti, M. Giacca, and A. Falaschi. 2000. Start sites of bidirectional DNA synthesis at the human lamin B2 origin. Science 287:2023–2026.
  • Aladjem, M. I., and E. Fanning. 2004. The replicon revisited: an old model learns new tricks in metazoan chromosomes. EMBO Rep. 5:686–691.
  • Altman, A. L., and E. Fanning. 2004. Defined sequence modules and an architectural element cooperate to promote initiation at an ectopic mammalian chromosomal replication origin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:4138–4150.
  • Anachkova, B., and J. L. Hamlin. 1989. Replication in the amplified dihydrofolate reductase domain in CHO cells may initiate at two distinct sites, one of which is a repetitive sequence element. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:532–540.
  • Anglana, M., F. Apiou, A. Bensimon, and M. Debatisse. 2003. Dynamics of DNA replication in mammalian somatic cells: nucleotide pool modulates origin choice and interorigin spacing. Cell 114:385–394.
  • Antequera, F. 2004. Genomic specification and epigenetic regulation of eukaryotic DNA replication origins. EMBO J. 23:4365–4370.
  • Biamonti, G., S. Paixao, A. Montecucco, F. A. Peverali, S. Riva, and A. Falaschi. 2003. Is DNA sequence sufficient to specify DNA replication origins in metazoan cells? Chromosome Res. 11:403–412.
  • Carothers, A. M., G. Urlaub, N. Ellis, and L. A. Chasin. 1983. Structure of the dihydrofolate reductase gene in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:1997–2012.
  • Chang, Y. C., S. Illenye, and N. H. Heintz. 2001. Cooperation of E2F-p130 and Sp1-pRb complexes in repression of the Chinese hamster dhfr gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:1121–1131.
  • Chen, D., M. Dundr, C. Wang, A. Leung, A. Lamond, T. Misteli, and S. Huang. 2005. Condensed mitotic chromatin is accessible to transcription factors and chromatin structural proteins. J. Cell Biol. 168:41–54.
  • Dijkwel, P. A., L. D. Mesner, V. V. Levenson, J. d'Anna, and J. L. Hamlin. 2000. Dispersive initiation of replication in the Chinese hamster rhodopsin locus. Exp. Cell Res. 256:150–157.
  • Dijkwel, P. A., J. P. Vaughn, and J. L. Hamlin. 1994. Replication initiation sites are distributed widely in the amplified CHO dihydrofolate reductase domain. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4989–4996.
  • Dijkwel, P. A., S. Wang, and J. L. Hamlin. 2002. Initiation sites are distributed at frequent intervals in the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase origin of replication but are used with very different efficiencies. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:3053–3065.
  • Dimitrova, D., and D. Gilbert. 1998. Regulation of mammalian replication origin usage in Xenopus egg extracts. J. Cell Sci. 111:2989–2998.
  • Dimitrova, D. S., and D. M. Gilbert. 1999. DNA replication and nuclear organization: prospects for a soluble in vitro system. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 9:353–361.
  • Dimitrova, D. S., T. A. Prokhorova, J. J. Blow, I. T. Todorov, and D. M. Gilbert. 2002. Mammalian nuclei become licensed for DNA replication during late telophase. J. Cell Sci. 115:51–59.
  • Farnham, P. J., and R. T. Schimke. 1986. Murine dihydrofolate reductase transcripts through the cell cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:365–371.
  • Farnham, P. J., and R. T. Schimke. 1985. Transcriptional regulation of mouse dihydrofolate reductase in the cell cycle. J. Biol. Chem. 260:7675–7680.
  • Feder, J. N., Y. G. Assaraf, L. C. Seamer, and R. T. Schimke. 1989. The pattern of dihydrofolate reductase expression through the cell cycle in rodent and human cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem. 264:20583–20590.
  • Gale, J. M., R. A. Tobey, and J. A. D'Anna. 1992. Localization and DNA sequence of a replication origin in the rhodopsin gene locus of Chinese hamster cells. J. Mol. Biol. 224:343–358.
  • Gerbi, S. A., Z. Strezoska, and J. M. Waggener. 2002. Initiation of DNA replication in multicellular eukaryotes. J. Struct. Biol 140:17–30.
  • Gilbert, D. M. 2004. In search of the holy replicator. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5:848–855.
  • Gilbert, D. M. 2001. Making sense of eukaryotic DNA replication origins. Science 294:96–100.
  • Gilbert, D. M., H. Miyazawa, and M. L. DePamphilis. 1995. Site-specific initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extract requires nuclear structure. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2942–2954.
  • Gilbert, D. M., A. Neilson, H. Miyazawa, M. L. DePamphilis, and W. C. Burhans. 1995. Mimosine arrests DNA synthesis at replication forks by inhibiting deoxyribonucleotide matabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 270:9597–9606.
  • Hirayoshi, K., and J. T. Lis. 1999. Nuclear run-on assays: assessing transcription by measuring density of engaged RNA polymerases. Methods Enzymol. 304:351–362.
  • Hyrien, O., K. Marheineke, and A. Goldar. 2003. Paradoxes of eukaryotic DNA replication: MCM proteins and the random completion problem. Bioessays 25:116–125.
  • Ina, S., T. Sasaki, Y. Yokota, and T. Shinomiya. 2001. A broad replication origin of Drosophila melanogaster, oriDα, consists of AT-rich multiple discrete initiation sites. Chromosoma 109:551–564.
  • Jacob, F., S. Brenner, and F. Cuzin. 1964. On the regulation of DNA replication in bacteria. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28:329–348.
  • Kalejta, R., and J. Hamlin. 1996. Composite patterns in neutral/neutral two-dimensional gels demonstrate inefficient replication origin usage. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:4915–4922.
  • Kalejta, R. F., X. Li, L. D. Mesner, P. A. Dijkwel, H. B. Lin, and J. L. Hamlin. 1998. Distal sequences, but not ori-beta/OBR-1, are essential for initiation of DNA replication in the Chinese hamster DHFR origin. Mol. Cell 2:797–806.
  • Keezer, S. M. 2002. Ph.D. thesis. State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse.
  • Keezer, S. M., and D. M. Gilbert. 2002. Sensitivity of the origin decision point to specific inhibitors of cellular signaling and metabolism. Exp. Cell Res. 273:54–64.
  • Kelly, R. E., M. L. DeRose, B. W. Draper, and G. M. Wahl. 1995. Identification of an origin of bidirectional DNA replication in the ubiquitously expressed mammalian CAD gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:4136–4148.
  • Kobayashi, T., T. Rein, and M. DePamphilis. 1998. Identification of primary initiation sites for DNA replication in the hamster DHFR gene initiation zone. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:3266–3277.
  • Krude, T. 1999. Mimosine arrests proliferating human cells before onset of DNA replication in a dose-dependent manner. Exp. Cell Res. 247:148–159.
  • Lawlis, S. J., S. M. Keezer, J.-R. Wu, and D. M. Gilbert. 1996. Chromosome architecture can dictate site-specific initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts. J. Cell Biol. 135:1–12.
  • Lin, H. B., P. A. Dijkwel, and J. L. Hamlin. 2005. Promiscuous initiation on mammalian chromosomal DNA templates and its possible suppression by transcription. Exp. Cell Res. 308:53–64.
  • Little, R. D., T. H. Platt, and C. L. Schildkraut. 1993. Initiation and termination of DNA replication in human rRNA genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:6600–6613.
  • Looney, J. E., and J. L. Hamlin. 1987. Isolation of the amplified dihydrofolate reductase domain from methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:569–577.
  • Looney, J. E., C. Ma, T. H. Leu, W. F. Flintoff, W. B. Troutman, and J. L. Hamlin. 1988. The dihydrofolate reductase amplicons in different methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines share at least a 273-kilobase core sequence, but the amplicons in some cell lines are much larger and are remarkably uniform in structure. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5268–5279.
  • Lucas, I., M. Chevrier-Miller, J. M. Sogo, and O. Hyrien. 2000. Mechanisms ensuring rapid and complete DNA replication despite random initiation in Xenopus early embryos. J. Mol. Biol. 296:769–786.
  • MacAlpine, D. M., H. K. Rodriguez, and S. P. Bell. 2004. Coordination of replication and transcription along a Drosophila chromosome. Genes Dev. 18:3094–3105.
  • Mesner, L. D., and J. L. Hamlin. 2005. Specific signals at the 3′ end of the DHFR gene define one boundary of the downstream origin of replication. Genes Dev. 19:1053–1066.
  • Mesner, L. D., X. Li, P. A. Dijkwel, and J. L. Hamlin. 2003. The dihydrofolate reductase origin of replication does not contain any nonredundant genetic elements required for origin activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:804–814.
  • Milbrandt, J. D., J. C. Azizkhan, K. S. Greisen, and J. L. Hamlin. 1983. Organization of a Chinese hamster ovary dihydrofolate reductase gene identified by phenotypic rescue. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:1266–1273.
  • Mitchell, P. J., A. M. Carothers, J. H. Han, J. D. Harding, E. Kas, L. Venolia, and L. A. Chasin. 1986. Multiple transcription start sites, DNase I-hypersensitive sites, and an opposite-strand exon in the 5′ region of the CHO dhfr gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:425–440.
  • Mosca, P. J., H. B. Lin, and J. L. Hamlin. 1995. Mimosine, a novel inhibitor of DNA replication, binds to a 50 kDa protein in Chinese hamster cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:261–268.
  • Noe, V., C. Alemany, L. A. Chasin, and C. J. Ciudad. 1998. Retinoblastoma protein associates with SP1 and activates the hamster dihydrofolate reductase promoter. Oncogene 16:1931–1938.
  • Norio, P., and C. L. Schildkraut. 2004. Plasticity of DNA replication initiation in Epstein-Barr virus episomes. PLoS Biol. 2:E152.
  • Okuno, Y., P. J. Hahn, and D. M. Gilbert. 2004. Structure of a palindromic amplicon junction implicates microhomology-mediated end joining as a mechanism of sister chromatid fusion during gene amplification. Nucleic Acids Res. 32:749–756.
  • Okuno, Y., A. J. McNairn, N. den Elzen, J. Pines, and D. M. Gilbert. 2001. Stability, chromatin association and functional activity of mammalian pre-replication complex proteins during the cell cycle. EMBO J. 20:4263–4277.
  • Oppenheim, E. W., I. M. Nasrallah, M. G. Mastri, and P. J. Stover. 2000. Mimosine is a cell-specific antagonist of folate metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 275:19268–19274.
  • Pemov, A., S. Bavykin, and J. L. Hamlin. 1995. Proximal and long-range alterations in chromatin structure surrounding the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase promoter. Biochemistry 34:2381–2392.
  • Perry, C., R. Sastry, I. M. Nasrallah, and P. J. Stover. 2005. Mimosine attenuates serine hydroxymethyltransferase transcription by chelating zinc. Implications for inhibition of DNA replication. J. Biol. Chem. 280:396–400.
  • Prasanth, K. V., P. A. Sacco-Bubulya, S. G. Prasanth, and D. L. Spector. 2003. Sequential entry of components of the gene expression machinery into daughter nuclei. Mol. Biol. Cell 14:1043–1057.
  • Price, G. B., M. Allarakhia, N. Cossons, T. Nielsen, M. Diaz-Perez, P. Friedlander, L. Tao, and M. Zannis-Hadjopoulos. 2003. Identification of a cis-element that determines autonomous DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 278:19649–19659.
  • Prioleau, M. N., M. C. Gendron, and O. Hyrien. 2003. Replication of the chicken β-globin locus: early-firing origins at the 5′ HS4 insulator and the ρ- and βA-globin genes show opposite epigenetic modifications. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:3536–3549.
  • Raghuraman, M. K., E. A. Winzeler, D. Collingwood, S. Hunt, L. Wodicka, A. Conway, D. J. Lockhart, R. W. Davis, B. J. Brewer, and W. L. Fangman. 2001. Replication dynamics of the yeast genome. Science 294:115–121.
  • Ren, B., F. Robert, J. J. Wyrick, O. Aparicio, E. G. Jennings, I. Simon, J. Zeitlinger, J. Schreiber, N. Hannett, E. Kanin, T. L. Volkert, C. J. Wilson, S. P. Bell, and R. A. Young. 2000. Genome-wide location and function of DNA binding proteins. Science 290:2306–2309.
  • Rinn, J. L., G. Euskirchen, P. Bertone, R. Martone, N. M. Luscombe, S. Hartman, P. M. Harrison, F. K. Nelson, P. Miller, M. Gerstein, S. Weissman, and M. Snyder. 2003. The transcriptional activity of human chromosome 22. Genes Dev. 17:529–540.
  • Saha, S., Y. Shan, L. D. Mesner, and J. L. Hamlin. 2004. The promoter of the Chinese hamster ovary dihydrofolate reductase gene regulates the activity of the local origin and helps define its boundaries. Genes Dev. 18:397–410.
  • Scotto, K. W., H. Yang, J. P. Davide, and P. W. Melera. 1992. Differential utilization of poly (A) signals between DHFR alleles in CHL cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:6597–6604.
  • Tasheva, E. S., and D. J. Roufa. 1994. A mammalian origin of bidirectional DNA replication within the Chinese hamster RPS14 locus. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:5628–5635.
  • Urlaub, G., P. J. Mitchell, C. J. Ciudad, and L. A. Chasin. 1989. Nonsense mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase gene affect RNA processing. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2868–2880.
  • Weinreich, M., M. A. Palacios DeBeer, and C. A. Fox. 2004. The activities of eukaryotic replication origins in chromatin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1677:142–157.
  • Wells, J., P. Held, S. Illenye, and N. H. Heintz. 1996. Protein-DNA interactions at the major and minor promoters of the divergently transcribed dhfr and rep3 genes during the Chinese hamster ovary cell cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:634–647.
  • Wells, J. M., S. Illenye, J. Magae, C.-L. Wu, and N. H. Heintz. 1997. Accumulation of E2F-4 · DP-1 DNA binding complexes correlates with induction of dhfr gene expression during the G1 to S phase transition. J. Biol. Chem. 272:4483–4492.
  • Wieland, T., and H. Faulstich. 1991. Fifty years of amanitin. Experientia 47:1186–1193.
  • Wu, J.-R., and D. M. Gilbert. 1996. A distinct G1 step required to specify the Chinese hamster DHFR replication origin. Science 271:1270–1272.
  • Wu, J.-R., and D. M. Gilbert. 1997. The replication origin decision point is a mitogen-independent, 2-aminopurine-sensitive, G1-phase event that precedes restriction point control. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:4312–4321.
  • Wu, J.-R., S. Keezer, and D. Gilbert. 1998. Transformation abrogates an early G1-phase arrest point required for specification of the Chinese hamster DHFR replication origin. EMBO J. 17:1810–1818.
  • Wu, J.-W., G. Yu, and D. M. Gilbert. 1997. Origin-specific initiation of mammalian nuclear DNA replication in a Xenopus cell-free system. Methods 13:313–324.
  • Yabuki, N., H. Terashima, and K. Kitada. 2002. Mapping of early firing origins on a replication profile of budding yeast. Genes Cells 7:781–789.
  • Zhang, X., D. T. Odom, S. H. Koo, M. D. Conkright, G. Canettieri, J. Best, H. Chen, R. Jenner, E. Herbolsheimer, E. Jacobsen, S. Kadam, J. R. Ecker, B. Emerson, J. B. Hogenesch, T. Unterman, R. A. Young, and M. Montminy. 2005. Genome-wide analysis of cAMP-response element binding protein occupancy, phosphorylation, and target gene activation in human tissues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:4459–4464.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.