Highly Conserved Upstream Regions of the α₁-Antitrypsin Gene in Two Mouse Species Govern Liver-Specific Expression by Different Mechanisms

Literature Cited

• Barth, R. K., K. W. Gross, L. C. Greinke, and N. D. Hastie. 1982. Developmentally regulated mRNAs in mouse liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:500–504.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berger, F. G., and H. Baumann. 1985. An evolutionary switch in tissue-specific gene expression: abundant expression of α1- antitrypsin in the kidney of a wild mouse species. J. Biol. Chem. 260:1160–1165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonner, W. M., and R. A. Laskey. 1974. A film detection method for tritium-labeled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. Eur. J. Biochem. 46:83–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carrell, R., and J. Travis. 1985. α1-Antitrypsin and the serpins: variation and countervariation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 10:20–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, V., L. Forrester, J. Sanford, N. Hastie, and J. Rossant. 1984. Cell lineage-specific undermethylation of mouse repetitive DNA. Nature (London) 307:284–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciliberto, G., L. Dente, and R. Cortese. 1985. Cell-specific expression of a transfected human α1-antitrypsin gene. Cell 41:531–540.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa, R. H., D. R. Grayson, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1989. Multiple hepatocyte-enriched nuclear factors function in the regulation of transthyetin and α1-antitrypsin genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1415–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSimone, V., G. Ciliberto, E. Hardon, G. Paonessa, F. Palla, L. Lundberg, and R. Cortese. 1987. cis- and transiting elements responsible for the cell-specific expression of the human α1-antitrypsin gene. EMBO J. 6:2759–2766.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Field, L. J., W. M. Philbrich, P. Howles, D. Dickinson, R. McGowan, and K. W. Gross. 1984. Expression of tissue-specific Ren-1 and Ren-2 genes of mice: comparative analysis of 5′- proximal flanking regions. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2321–2331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman, C. M., L. F. Moffat, and B. H. Howard. 1982. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1044–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, F. L., and A. J. van der Eb. 1973. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology 52:456–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson, D. R., R. H. Costa, K. G. Xanthopoulos, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1988. A cell-specific enhancer of the mouse α1-antitrypsin gene has multiple functional regions and corresponding protein-binding sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:1055–1066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gubler, U., and B. J. Hoffmann. 1983. A simple and efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene 25:263–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C. V., P. E. Jacob, G. M. Ringold, and F. Lee. 1983. Expression and regulation of Escherichia coli lacZ gene fusions in mammalian cells. J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 2:101–109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Held, W. A., K. West, and J. F. Gallagher. 1977. Importance of initiation preparations in the translation of reovirus and globin mRNAs lacking a 5′-terminal 7-methylguanosine. J. Biol. Chem. 252:8489–8497.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill, R. E., P. H. Shaw, P. A. Boyd, H. Baumann, and N. D. Hastie. 1984. Plasma protease inhibitors in mouse and man: divergence within the reactive center regions. Nature (London) 311:175–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauter, K. S., B. A. Citron, M.-T. Hsu, D. Powell, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1986. Isolation and characterization of the α1-antitrypsin gene of mice. DNA 5:29–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Labarca, C., and K. Paigen. 1977. mRNA-directed synthesis of catalytically active mouse β-glucuronidase in Xenopus oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:4462–4465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latimer, J. J., F. G. Berger, and H. Baumann. 1987. Developmental expression, cellular localization, and testosterone regulation of α1-antitrypsin in Mus caroli kidney. J. Biol. Chem. 262:12641–12646.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Long, G. L., T. Chandra, S. L. C. Woo, E. W. Davi, and K. Kurachi. 1984. Complete sequence of the cDNA for human α1-antitrypsin and the gene for the S variant. Biochemistry 23:4828–4837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniatis, T., S. Goodbourne, and J. A. Fischer. 1987. Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression. Science 236:1237–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Farrell, P. H. 1975. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 250:4007–4021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlino, E., R. Cortese, and G. Ciliberto. 1987. The human α1-antitrypsin gene is transcribed from two different promoters in macrophages and hepatocytes. EMBO J. 6:2767–2771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rheaume, C., J. J. Latimer, H. Baumann, and F. G. Berger. 1988. Tissue- and species-specific regulation of murine α1-antitrypsin gene transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 263:15118–15121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463–5467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, R. F., Y. Li, R. N. Sifers, H. Wang, C. Hardick, S. Y. Tsai, and S. L. C. Woo. 1987. Tissue-specific expression of the human α1-antitrypsin gene is controlled by multiple cis-regulatory elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:8399–8415.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sifers, R. N., J. A. Carlson, S. M. Cliff, F. J. DeMayo, D. W. Bullock, and S. L. C. Woo. 1987. Tissue-specific expression of the human alpha-1-antitrypsin gene in transgenic mice. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:1459–1475.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Southern, E. M. 1975. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 98:503–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis, J., and G. S. Salvensen. 1983. Human plasma protease inhibitors. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 52:655–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar