The Cytokine Response Element of the Rat α₁-Acid Glycoprotein Gene Is a Complex of Several Interacting Regulatory Sequences

Literature Cited

• Almendral, J., D. Sommer, H. Macdonald-Bravo, J. Burckhardt, J. Perera, and R. Bravo. 1988. Complexity of the early genetic response to growth factors in mouse fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2140-2148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arcone, R., G. Gualandir, and G. Ciliberto. 1988. Identification of sequences responsible for acute-phase induction of human C-reactive protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:3195-3207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baumann, H. 1989. Hepatic acute phase reaction in vivo and in vitro. In Vitro 25:115-126.
   Google Scholar
• Baumann, H., H. Isseroff, J. Latimer, and G. P. Jahreis. 1988. Phorbol ester modulates interleukin 6- and interleukin 1-regulated expression of acute phase plasma proteins in hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263:17390-17396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann, H., G. P. Jahreis, D. N. Sauder, and A. Koj. 1984. Human keratinocytes and monocytes release factors which regulate the synthesis of major acute phase plasma proteins in hepatic cells from man, rat and mouse. J. Biol. Chem. 259:7331-7342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann, H., and L. E. Maquat. 1986. Localization of DNA sequences involved in dexamethasone-dependent expression of the rat α1-acid glycoprotein gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2551-2561.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baumann, H., V. Onorato, J. Gauldie, and G. P. Jahreis. 1987. Distinct sets of acute phase plasma proteins are stimulated by separate human hepatocyte-stimulating factors and monokines in rat hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 262:9756-9768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann, H., K. R. Prowse, S. Marinkovic, K.-A. Won, and G. P. Jahreis. 1989. Stimulation of hepatic acute phase response by cytokines and glucocorticoids. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 557:280-295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann, H., C. Richards, and J. Gauldie. 1987. Interaction among hepatocyte-stimulating factors, interleukin-1, and glucocorticoids for the regulation of acute phase plasma proteins in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. J. Immunol. 139:4122-4128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beato, M. 1989. Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 56:335-344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, M., and K. Schmid. 1980. Immunosuppression by human plasma α1-acid glycoprotein: importance of the carbohydrate moiety. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6109-6113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, T. A., and J. Saklatvala. 1989. IL-1 and TNF transmodulate epidermal growth factor receptors by a protein kinase C-independent mechanism. J. Immunol. 142:126-133.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cherry, J. R., T. R. Johnson, C. Dollard, J. R. Shuster, and C. L. Denis. 1989. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phos-phorylates and inactivates the transcriptional activator ADR1. Cell 56:409-419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chirgwin, J. M., A. E. Przybyla, R. J. MacDonald, and W. J. Rutter. 1979. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry 18:5294-5299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dente, L., G. Cilberto, and R. Cortese. 1989. Structure of the human α1-acid glycoprotein gene: sequence homology with other human acute phase protein genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 13:3941-3952.
   Google Scholar
• Dynan, W. S. 1987. DNase I footprinting as an assay for mammalian gene regulatory proteins. Genet. Eng. 9:75-87.
   Google Scholar
• Dynan, W. S. 1989. Modularity in promoters and enhancers. Cell 58:14.
   Google Scholar
• Edbrooke, M. R., D. W. Burt, J. K. Cheshire, and P. Woo. 1989. Identification of cis-acting sequences responsible for phorbol ester induction of human serum amyloid A gene expression via a nuclear factor kappa B-like transcription factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1908-1916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, E., G. M. Courtois, P. L. Kilian, G. M. Fuller, and G. R. Crabtree. 1987. Induction of fibrinogen and a subset of acute phase response genes involves a novel monokine which is mimicked by phorbol esters. J. Biol. Chem. 262:10850-10854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowlkes, D. M., N. T. Mullis, C. M. Comeau, and G. R. Crabtree. 1984. Potential basis for regulation of the coordinately expressed fibrinogen genes: homology in the 5′ flanking regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2313-2316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehring, M. R., B. R. Shields, W. Northemann, M. H. L. de Bruijn, C.-C. Kan, A. C. Chain, D. J. Noonan, and G. H. Fey. 1987. Sequence of rat liver α2-macroglobulin and acute phase control of its messenger RNA. J. Biol. Chem. 262:446-454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiger, T., T. Andus, J. Klapproth, T. Hirano, T. Kishimoto, and P. C. Heinrich. 1988. Induction of rat acute-phase proteins of interleukin 6 in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 18:717-721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorman, C. M., L. F. Moffat, and B. H. Howard. 1982. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1044-1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorski, K., M. Cameiro, and U. Schibler. 1986. Tissue-specific in vitro transcription from the mouse albumin promoter. Cell 47:767-776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, F. L., and A. J. Van der Eb. 1973. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology 52:456-461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattori, M., L. J. Abraham, W. Northemann, and G. H. Fey. 1990. Acute-phase reaction induces a specific complex between hepatic nuclear proteins and the interleukin 6 response element of the rat α2-macroglobulin gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:2364-2368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Held, W. A., J. F. Gallagher, C. M. Hohman, N. J. Kahor, B. M. Sampsell, and R. G. Hughes, Jr. 1987. Identification and characterization of functional genes encoding the mouse major urinary proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3705-3712.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill, R. E., P. H. Shaw, P. A. Boyd, H. Baumann, and N. D. Hastie. 1984. Plasma protease inhibitors in mouse and man: divergence within the reactive centre regions. Nature (London) 311:175-177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoeffler, W. K., R. Kovelman, and R. G. Roeder. 1988. Activation of transcription factor IIIC by the adenovirus E1A protein. Cell 53:907-920.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kafatos, F. C., C. W. Jones, and A. Efstradiadis. 1979. Determination of nucleic acid sequence homologies and relative concentrations by a dot hybridization procedure. Nucleic Acids Res. 7:1541-1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles, B. B., C. C. Howe, and D. P. Aden. 1980. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines secrete the major plasma proteins and hepatitis B surface antigen. Science 209:497-499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft, R., J. Tardiff, K. S. Krauter, and L. A. Leinwand. 1988. Using mini-prep plasmid DNA for sequencing double stranded templates with sequenase. BioTechniques 6:544-547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni, A. B., R. Reinke, and P. Feigelson. 1985. Acute phase mediators and glucocorticoids elevate α1-acid glycoprotein gene transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 260:15386-15389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushner, I. 1982. The phenomena of the acute phase response. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 389:39-48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushner, I., and A. Mackiewicz. 1987. Acute phase proteins as disease markers. Dis. Markers 5:1-11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamers, W. H., R. W. Hanson, and H. M. Meisner. 1982. cAMP stimulates transcription of the gene for cytosolic phosphoe-nolpyruvate carboxykinase in rat liver nuclei. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5137-5141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenardo, M. J., and D. Baltimore. 1989. NF-kB: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell 58:227-229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lew, D. J., T. Decker, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1989. Alpha interferon and gamma interferon stimulate transcription of a single gene through different signal transduction pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:5404-5411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopata, M. A., D. W. Cleveland, and H. Sollner-Webb. 1984. High level transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene by DEAE-dextran mediated DNA transfection coupled with a dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol shock treatment. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:5707-5717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majello, B., R. Arcone, C. Toniatti, and G. Ciliberto. 1990. Constitutive and IL-6 induced nuclear factors that interact with the human C-reactive protein promoter. EMBO J. 9:457-465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maquat, L. E., R. Chilcote, and P. M. Ryan. 1985. Human triosephosphate isomerase cDNA and protein structure. J. Biol. Chem. 260:3748-3753.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marinkovic, S., and H. Baumann. 1990. Structure, hormonal regulation, and identification of the interleukin-6- and dexamethasone-responsive element of the rat haptoglobin gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1573-1583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda, T., S. Suematsu, M. Kawano, K. Yoshizaki, B. Tang, O. Tanabe, T. Nakajima, S. Akira, T. Hirano, and T. Kishimoto. 1989. IL-6/BSF 2 in normal and abnormal regulation of immune responses. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 557:466-477.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maxam, A. M., and W. Gilbert. 1980. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 65:499-560.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oliviero, S., and R. Cortese. 1989. The human haptoglobin gene promoter: interleukin-6-responsive elements interact with a DNA-binding protein induced by interleukin-6. EMBO J. 8:1145-1151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliviero, S., G. Morrone, and R. Cortese. 1987. The human haptoglobin gene: transcriptional regulation during development and acute phase induction. EMBO J. 6:1905-1912.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piafsky, K. M. 1980. Disease-induced changes in the plasma binding of basic drugs. Clin. Pharmacokin. 5:246-262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poli, V., and R. Cortese. 1989. Interleukin 6 induces a liver-specific nuclear protein that binds to the promoter of acute-phase genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8202-8206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prowse, K. R., and H. Baumann. 1988. Hepatocyte-stimulating factor, β2 interferon, and interleukin-1 enhance expression of the rat α1-acid glycoprotein gene via a distal upstream regulatory region. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:42-51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prowse, K. R., and H. Baumann. 1989. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 stimulate acute-phase protein production in primary mouse hepatocytes. J. Leuk. Biol. 45:55-61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prywes, R., A. Dutta, J. A. Cromlish, and R. G. Roeder. 1988. Phosphorylation of serum response factor, a factor that binds to the serum response element of the c-fos enhancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:7206-7210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raugei, G., G. Bensi, V. Colantuoni, V. Romano, C. Santoro, F. Costanzo, and R. Cortese. 1983. Sequence of human haptoglobin cDNA: evidence that the α and β subunits are coded by the same mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5811-5819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, A., P. Sassone-Corsi, and P. Sehgal. 1989. A multiple cytokine- and second messenger-responsive element in the enhancer of the human interleukin-6 gene: similarities with c-fos gene regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:5537-5547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinke, R., and P. Feigelson. 1985. Rat α1acid glycoprotein gene sequence and regulation by glucocorticoids in transfected L-cells. J. Biol. Chem. 260:4397-4403.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reuber, M. D. 1961. A transplantable bile secreting hepatocellular carcinoma in the rat. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 26:891-897.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ron, D., A. R. Brasier, K. A. Wright, J. E. Tate, and J. F. Habener. 1990. An inducible 50-kilodalton NFκB-like protein and a constitutive protein both bind the acute-phase response element of the angiotensinogen gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1023-1032.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosoff, P. M., N. Savage, and C. A. Dinarello. 1988. Interleukin-1 stimulates diacylglycerol production in T lymphocytes by a novel mechanism. Cell 54:73-81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, W. A., Jr., B. R. Franza, Jr., and M. Z. Gilman. 1989. Two distinct cellular phosphoproteins bind to the c-fos serum response element. EMBO J. 8:1785-1792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sdraie, R., M. Muller, C. Kaltschmidt, and R. Renkawitz. 1988. Many transcriptional factors interact synergistically with steroid receptors. Science 242:1418-1420.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shapiro, D. J., P. A. Sharp, W. W. Wahli, and M. J. Keller. 1988. A high-efficiency HeLa cell nuclear transcription extract. DNA 7:47-55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimizu, H., K. Mitomo, T. Watanabe, S. Okamoto, and K.-I. Yamamoto. 1990. Involvement of a NF-κB-like transcription factor in the activation of the interleukin-6 gene by inflammatory lymphokines. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:561-568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirakawa, F., U. Yamashita, M. Chedid, and S. B. Mizel. 1988. Cyclic AMP—an intracellular second messenger for interleukin 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8201-8205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sierra, F., G. Stein, and J. Stein. 1983. Structure and in vitro transcription of a human H4 histone gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:7069-7086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorger, P. K., and H. R. B. Pelham. 1988. Yeast heat shock factor is an essential DNA-binding protein that exhibits temperature-dependent phosphorylation. Cell 54:855-864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, P., and M. Woodworth. 1990. A 69-base-pair monkey DNA sequence enhances simian virus 40 replication and transcription through multiple motifs. J. Virol. 64:1360-1365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tooze, J. 1982. Molecular biology of tumor viruses, 2nd ed., part 2, revised. DNA tumor viruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Weeke, B. 1973. Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis, p. 47-56. In N. H. Aselsen, J. Knoll, and B. Weeke (ed.), A manual of quantitative Immunoelectrophoresis. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, G. G., G. S. Witek-Giannotti, P. A. Temple, R. Kriz, C. Ferenz, R. M. Hewick, S. C. Clark, K. Ikebuchi, and M. Ogawa. 1988. Stimulation of murine hemopoietic colony formation by human IL-6. J. Immunol. 140:3040-3044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, P., J. Sipe, C. A. Dinarello, and H. R. Colten. 1987. Structure of a human serum amyloid A gene and modulation of its expression in transfected L cells. J. Biol. Chem. 262:15790-15795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, K. K., G. A. Gonzalez, W. H. Biggs III, and M. R. Montminy. 1988. Phosphorylation-induced binding and transcriptional efficacy of nuclear factor CREB. Nature (London) 334:494-498.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zenke, M., T. Grundstrom, H. Matthes, M. Wintzerith, C. Schatz, A. Wildeman, and P. Chambon. 1986. Multiple sequence motifs are involved in SV40 enhancer function. EMBO J. 5:387-397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar