References
- Berk, A. J., and P. A. Sharp. 1977. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids. Cell 12:721-732.
- Bingham, P. M., and Z. Zachar. 1989. Retrotransposons and the FB transposon from Drosophila melanogaster, p. 485-502. In D. E. Berg and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
- Boeke, J. D. 1989. Transposable elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, p. 335-374. In D. Berg and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
- Bornstein, P., and J. McKay. 1988. The first intron of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene contains several transcriptional regulatory elements. J. Biol. Chem. 263:1603-1606.
- Bornstein, P., J. McKay, D. J. Liska, S. Apone, and S. Devarayalu. 1988. Interactions between the promoter and first intron are involved in transcriptional control of alpha 1(I) collagen gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4851-4857.
- Breindl, M., K. Harbers, and R. Jaenisch. 1984. Retrovirus-induced lethal mutation in collagen I gene of mice is associated with altered chromatin structure. Cell 38:9-16.
- Chan, H., S. Hartung, and M. Breindl. 1991. Retrovirus-induced interference with collagen I gene expression in Movl3 fibroblasts is maintained in absence of DNA methylation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:47-54.
- Copeland, N. G., K. W. Hutchison, and N. A. Jenkins. 1983. Excision of the DBA ecotropic provirus in dilute coat-color revertants of mice occurs by homologous recombination involving the viral LTRs. Cell 33:379-387.
- Faessler, R., and R. Jaenisch. Unpublished data.
- Gautsch, J., and M. Wilson. 1983. Restriction of Moloney murine leukemia virus growth in teratocarcinoma: involvement of factors other than DNA methylation. Cold Spring Harbor Conf. Cell Prolifer. 10:363-378.
- Harbers, K., M. Kuehn, H. Delius, and R. Jaenisch. 1984. Insertion of retrovirus into the first intron of the α1(I) collagen gene leads to embryonic lethal mutation in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1504-1508.
- Hartung, S., R. Jaenisch, and M. Breindl. 1986. Retrovirus insertion inactivates mouse α1(I) collagen gene by blocking initiation of transcription. Nature (London) 320:365-367.
- Jaenisch, R., K. Harbers, A. Schnieke, J. Lohler, I. Chumakov, D. Jahner, D. Grotkopp, and E. Hoffman. 1983. Germline integration of Moloney murine leukemia virus at the Mov 13 locus leads to recessive lethal mutation and early embryonic death. Cell 32:209-216.
- Jaenisch, R., D. Jähner, P. Nobis, I. Simon, J. Lohler, K. Harbers, and D. Grotkopp. 1981. Chromosomal position and activation of retroviral genomes inserted into the germ line of mice. Cell 24:519-529.
- Jahner, D., and R. Jaenisch. 1980. Integration of Moloney leukemia virus into the germ line of mice: correlation between genotype and virus activation. Nature (London) 287:456-458.
- Jahner, D., and R. Jaenisch. 1984. DNA methylation in early mammalian development, p. 189-219. In A. Razin, H. Cedar, and A. D. Riggs (ed.), DNA methylation. Springer-Verlag, New York.
- Jahner, D., and R. Jaenisch. 1985. Chromosomal position and specific demethylation in enhancer sequences of germ line-transmitted retroviral genomes during mouse development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:2212-2220.
- Jahner, D., and R. Jaenisch. 1985. Retrovirus induced de novo methylation of flanking host sequences correlates with gene inactivity. Nature (London) 315:594-597.
- Jahner, D., H. Stuhlmann, C. L. Stewart, K. Harbers, J. Lohler, I. Simon, and R. Jaenisch. 1982. De novo methylation and expression of retroviral genomes during mouse embryogenesis. Nature (London) 298:623-628.
- Jenkins, N. A., N. G. Copeland, B. A. Taylor, and B. K. Lee. 1981. Dilute (d) coat color mutation of DBA/2J mice is associated with the site of integration of an ecotropic MuLV genome. Nature (London) 293:370-374.
- Kratochwil, K., K. von der Mark, E. J. Kollar, R. Jaenisch, K. Mooslehner, M. Schwarz, K. Haase, I. Gmachl, and K. Harbers. 1989. Retrovirus-induced insertional mutation in Mov 13 mice affects collagen I expression in a tissue-specific manner. Cell 57:807-816.
- Lemischka, I., and P. A. Sharp. 1982. The sequences of an expressed rat alpha-tubulin gene and a pseudogene with an inserted repetitive element. Nature (London) 300:330-335.
- Lenardo, M. J., and D. Baltimore. 1989. NF-kappa B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell 58:227-229.
- Levis, R., K. O’Hare, and G. M. Rubin. 1984. Effects of transposable element insertions on RNA encoded by the white gene of Drosophila. Cell 36:471-481.
- Liau, G., Y. Yamada, and B. de Crombrugghe. 1985. Coordinate regulation of the levels of type III and type I collagen mRNA in most but not all mouse fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 260:531-536.
- Liska, D. J., J. L. Slack, and P. Bornstein. 1990. A highly conserved intronic sequence is involved in transcriptional regulation of the α1(I) collagen gene. Cell Regul. 1:487-498.
- Loh, T. P., L. L. Sievert, and R. W. Scott. 1987. Proviral sequences that restrict expression in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3775-3784.
- Lohler, J., R. Timpl, and R. Jaenisch. 1984. Embryonic lethal mutation in mouse collagen I gene causes rupture of blood vessels and is associated with erythropoietic and mesenchymal cell death. Cell 38:597-607.
- Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
- Melton, D. A., P. A. Krieg, M. R. Rebagliati, T. Maniatis, K. Zinn, and M. R. Green. 1984. Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:7035-7056.
- Modelell, J., W. Bender, and M. Meselson. 1983. Drosophila melanogaster mutations suppressible by the suppressor of Hairy-wing are insertions of a 7.3kb mobile element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:1678-1682.
- Niwa, O., Y. Yokota, H. Ishida, and T. Sugahara. 1983. Independent mechanisms involved in suppression of the Moloney leukemia virus genome during differentiation of murine teratocarcinoma cells. Cell 32:1105-1113.
- Parkhurst, S. M., and V. G. Corces. 1985. Forked, gypsys and suppressors in Drosophila. Cell 41:429-437.
- Paro, R., M. L. Goldberg, and W. J. Gehring. 1983. Molecular analysis of large transposable elements carrying the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J. 2:853-860.
- Rippe, R. A., S. Lorenzen, D. A. Brenner, and M. Breindl. 1989. Regulatory elements in the 5′-flanking region of the first intron contribute to transcriptional control of the mouse alpha 1 type I collagen gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2224-2227.
- Rossi, P., and B. de Combrugghe. 1987. Identification of a cell-specific transcriptional enhancer in the first intron of the mouse a2 (type I) collagen gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:5590-5594.
- Rossouw, C. M. S., W. P. Vergeer, S. J. du Plooy, M. P. Bernard, F. Ramirez, and W. J. de Wet. 1987. DNA sequences in the first intron of the human pro-α1(I) collagen gene enhance transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 262:15151-15157.
- Schmidt, A., P. Rossi, and B. de Combrugghe. 1986. Transcriptional control of the mouse α2 (I) collagen gene: functional deletion analysis of the promoter and evidence for cell specific expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:347-354.
- Schnieke, A., M. Dziadek, J. Bateman, T. Mascara, K. Harbers, R. Gelinas, and R. Jaenisch. 1987. Introduction of the human pro-alpha 1 (I) collagen gene into pro-alpha 1 (I)-deficient Mov 13 mouse cells leads to formation of functional mouse-human hybrid type I collagen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:764-768.
- Schnieke, A., K. Harbers, and R. Jaenisch. 1983. Embryonic lethal mutation in mice induced by retrovirus insertion into the α1(I) collagen gene. Nature (London) 304:315-320.
- Sererack, P. K., M. C. Strobel, D. J. Corrow, N. A. Jenkins, and N. G. Copeland. 1988. Somatic and germ-line reverse mutation rates of the retrovirus-induced dilute coat-color mutation of DBA mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:189-192.
- Shinnick, T., R. Lerner, and J. Sutcliffe. 1981. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Nature (London) 293:543-548.
- Simchen, G., F. Winston, C. A. Styles, and G. R. Fink. 1984. Ty-mediated gene expression of the LYS2 and HIS4 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by the same SPT genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2431-2434.
- Soriano, P., T. Gridley, and R. Jaenisch. 1987. Retroviruses and Insertional mutagenesis in mice: proviral integration at the Mov 34 locus leads to early embryonic death. Genes Dev. 1:366-375.
- Southern, P. J., and P. Berg. 1982. Transformation of mammalian cells to antibiotic resistance with a bacterial gene under control of the SV40 early region promoter. J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:327-341.
- Spence, S. E., D. J. Gilbert, D. A. Swing, N. G. Copeland, and N. A. Jenkins. 1989. Spontaneous germ line virus infection and retroviral insertional mutagenesis in eighteen transgenic Srev lines of mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:177-184.
- Stacey, A., J. Bateman, T. Choi, T. Mascara, W. Cole, and R. Jaenisch. 1988. Perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta in transgenic mice bearing an engineered mutant pro-α1(I) collagen gene. Nature (London) 332:131-136.
- Stewart, C., H. Stuhlman, D. Jähner, and R. Jaenisch. 1982. De novo methylation, expression and infectivity of retroviral genomes introduced into embryonal carcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:4098-4192.
- Stoye, J. P., S. Fenner, G. E. Greenoak, C. Moran, and J. M. Coffin. 1988. Role of endogenous retroviruses as mutagens: the hairless mutation of mice. Cell 54:383-391.
- Stuhlmann, H., D. Jahner, and R. Jaenisch. 1981. Infectivity and methylation of retroviral genomes is correlated with expression in the animal. Cell 2:221-232.
- van der Eb, A. J., and F. L. Graham. 1980. Assay of transforming activity of tumor virus DNA. Methods Enzymol. 65:826-839.
- Varmus, H., and P. Brown. 1989. Retroviruses, p. 53-108. In D. E. Berg and M. M. Howe (ed.), Mobile DNA. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
- Weiher, H., T. Noda, D. A. Gray, A. H. Sharpe, and R. Jaenisch. 1990. Transgenic mouse model of kidney disease: insertional inactivation of ubiquitously expressed gene leads to nephrotic syndrome. Cell 62:425-434.
- Winston, F., D. T. Chaleff, B. Valent, and G. R. Fink. 1984. Mutations affecting Ty-mediated expression of the HIS4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 107:179-197.
- Wu, H., and R. Jaenisch. Unpublished data.
- Wu, H., J. Bateman, A. Schnieke, A. Sharpe, D. Barker, T. Mascara, D. Eyre, R. Bruns, P. Krimpenfort, A. Berns, and R. Jaenisch. 1990. Human-mouse interspecies collagen I heterotrimer is functional during embryonic development of Mov 13 mutant mouse embryos. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1452-1460.
- Zachar, Z., D. Davison, D. Garza, and P. M. Bingham. 1985. A detailed developmental and structural study of the transcriptional effects of insertion of the copia transposon into the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 111:495-515.