1
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cell Growth and Development

Human DNA Polymerase a Gene: Sequences Controlling Expression in Cycling and Serum-Stimulated Cells

, &
Pages 2081-2095 | Received 22 Oct 1990, Accepted 18 Jan 1991, Published online: 31 Mar 2023

REFERENCES

  • Almendral, J. M., D. Sommer, H. Macdonald-Bravo, J. Burckhardt, J. Perera, and R. Bravo. 1988. Complexity of the early genetic response to growth factors in mouse fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2140–2148.
  • Artishevsky, A., A. Grafsky, and A. S. Lee. 1985. Isolation of a mammalian sequence capable of conferring cell cycle regulation to a heterologous gene. Science 230:1061–1063.
  • Artishevsky, A., S. Wooden, A. Sharma, E. Resendez, Jr., and A. S. Lee. 1987. Cell cycle regulatory sequences in a hamster histone promoter and their interactions with cellular factors. Nature (London) 328:823–827.
  • Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. A. Smith, J. G. Siedman, and K. Struhl (ed.). 1988. Current protocols in molecular cloning. Greene Publishing Associates, Brooklyn, N.Y.
  • Berger, S. L., and A. R. Kimmel (ed.). 1987. Methods in Enzymology, vol. 152. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
  • Blanchard, J.-M., M. Piechaczyk, C. Dani, J.-C. Chambard, A. Franchi, J. Pouyssegur, and P. Jeanteur. 1985. c-myc gene is transcribed at high rate in G0-arrested fibroblasts and is post- transcriptionally regulated in response to growth factors. Nature (London) 317:443–445.
  • Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.
  • Calzone, F. J., R. J. Britten, and E. H. Davidson. 1987. Mapping of gene transcripts by nuclease protection assays and cDNA primer extension. Methods Enzymol. 152:611–632.
  • Cathala, G., J.-F. Savouret, B. Mendez, B. L. West, M. Karin, J. A. Martial, and J. D. Baxter. 1983. Laboratory methods: a method for isolation of intact translationally active ribonucleic acid. DNA 2:329–335.
  • Chang, C.-D., L. Ottavio, S. Travali, K. E. Lipson, and R. Baserga. 1990. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3289–3296.
  • Chu, G., H. Hayakawa, and P. Berg. 1987. Electroporation for the efficient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:1311–1326.
  • Coppock, D. L., and A. B. Pardee. 1987. Control of thymidine kinase mRNA during the cell cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2925–2932.
  • Curran, T., and B. R. Franza, Jr., 1988. Fos and jun: the Ap1 connection. Cell 55:395–397.
  • Dean, M., R. A. Levine, W. Ran, M. S. Kindy, G. E. Sonenshein, and J. Campisi. 1986. Regulation of c-myc transcription and mRNA abundance by serum growth factors and cell contact. J. Biol. Chem. 261:9161–9166.
  • Denhardt, D. T., D. R. Edwards, and C. L. J. Parfett. 1986. Gene expression during the mammalian cell cycle. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 865:83–125.
  • De Wet, J. R., K. V. Wood, M. DeLuca, D. R. Helinski, and S. Subramani. 1987. Firefly luciferase gene: structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:725–737.
  • Flemington, E., H. D. Bradshaw, Jr., V. Traina-Dorge, V. Slagel, and P. L. Deininger. 1987. Sequence, structure and promoter characterization of the human thymidine kinase gene. Gene 52:267–277.
  • Fordis, M. C., and B. H. Howard. 1986. Use of the CAT reporter gene for optimization of gene transfer into eukaryotic cells. Methods Enzymol. 151:383–397.
  • Frederickson, R. M., M. R. Micheau, A. Iwamoto, and N. G. Miyamoto. 1989. 5′ flanking and first intron sequences of the human β-actin gene required for efficient promoter activity. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:253–271.
  • Fried, M., and D. M. Crothers. 1981. Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acid Res. 9:6505–6523.
  • Garner, M. M., and A. Revzin. 1981. A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions. Applications to components of E. coli lactose operon regulatory system. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:3047–3060.
  • Goldsmith, M. E., C. A. Beckman, and K. H. Cowan. 1986. 5′ nucleotide sequences influence serum-modulated expression of a human dihydrofolate reductase minigene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:878–886.
  • Gorman, C., L. F. Moffat, and B. H. Howard. 1982. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1044–1051.
  • Greenberg, M. E., and E. B. Ziff. 1984. Stimulation of 3T3 cells induces transcription of the c-fos proto-oncogene. Nature (London) 311:433–437.
  • Gudas, J. M., G. B. Knight, and A. B. Pardee. 1988. Nuclear posttranscriptional processing of thymidine kinase mRNA at the onset of DNA synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:47054709.
  • Hennighausen, L., and H. Lubon. 1987. Interaction of protein with DNA in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 152:721–735.
  • Ito, M., and S. E. Conrad. 1990. Independent regulation of thymidine kinase mRNA and enzyme levels in serum-stimulated cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265:6954–6960.
  • Ito, M., A. Sharma, A. S. Lee, and R. Maxon. 1989. Cell cycle regulation of H2b histone octamer DNA-binding activity in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:869–873.
  • Jones, N. C., P. W. J. Rigby, and E. B. Ziff. 1988. Trans-acting protein factors and the regulation of eukaryotic transcription: lessons from studies on DNA tumor viruses. Genes Dev. 2:267–281.
  • Kadesch, T., and P. Berg. 1986. Effects of the position of the simian virus 40 enhancer on expression of multiple transcription units in a single plasmid. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2593–2601.
  • Kim, Y. K., S. Wells, Y.-F. C. Lau, and A. S. Lee. 1988. Sequences contained within the promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene can direct cell-cycle regulation of heterologous fusion genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5894–5898.
  • Knight, G. B., J. M. Gudas, and A. B. Pardee. 1987. Cell-cycle- specific interaction of nuclear DNA-binding proteins with a CCAAT sequence from the human thymidine kinase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8350–8354.
  • Konig, H., H. Ponta, U. Rahmsdorf, M. Buscher, A. Schonthal, H. J. Rahmsdorf, and P. Herrlich. 1989. Autoregulation of fos: the dyad symmetry element as the major target of repression. EMBO J. 8:2559–2566.
  • Krug, M. S., and S. L. Berger. 1987. First-strand cDNA synthesis primed with oligo(dT). Methods Enzymol. 152:316–325.
  • Lee, K. A. W., T.-Y. Hai, L. SivaRaman, B. Thimmappaya, H. C. Hurst, N. C. Jones, and M. R. Green. 1987. A cellular protein, activating transcription factor, activates transcription of multiple E1A-inducible adenovirus early promoters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8355–8359.
  • Leung, S., and N. G. Miyamoto. 1989. Point mutational analysis of the human c-fos serum response factor binding site. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:1177–1195.
  • Lewin, B. 1990. Commitment and activation at Pol II promoters: a tail of protein-protein interactions. Cell 61:1161–1164.
  • Lieberman, H. B., P.-F. Lin, D.-B. Yeh, and F. H. Ruddle. 1988. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms regulate murine thymidine kinase gene expression in serum-stimulated cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5280–5291.
  • Loenen, W. A. M., and F. R. Blattner. 1983. Lambda charon vectors (Ch32, 33, 34 and 35) adapted for DNA cloning in recombination-deficient hosts. Gene 26:171–179.
  • Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
  • Maxam, A. M., and W. Gilbert. 1980. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 65:499–560.
  • McGregor, G. R., A. E. Moss, J. F. Burke, and T. C. Caskey. 1987. Histochemical staining of clonal mammalian cell lines expressing E. coli beta galactosidase indicates heterogeneous expression of the bacterial gene. Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 13:253–265.
  • McKnight, S. L., R. C. Kingsbury, A. Spence, and M. Smith. 1984. The distal transcription signals of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide control sequence. Cell 37:253–262.
  • Means, A. L., and P. J. Farnham. 1990. Transcription initiation from the dihydrofolate reductase promoter is positioned by HIP1 binding at the initiation site. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:653–661.
  • Minty, A., and L. Kedes. 1986. Upstream regions of the human cardiac actin gene that modulate its transcription in muscle cells: presence of an evolutionarily conserved repeated motif. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2125–2136.
  • Mitchell, P. J., and R. Tjian. 1989. Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science 245:371–378.
  • Miwa, T., and L. Kedes. 1987. Duplicated CArG box domains have positive and mutually dependent regulatory roles in expression of the human α-cardiac actin gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2803–2813.
  • Moore, A., and T. Wang. Unpublished data.
  • Mudryj, M., S. W. Hiebert, and J. R. Nevins. 1990. A role for the adenovirus inducible E2F transcription factor in a proliferation dependent signal transduction pathway. EMBO J. 9:2179–2184.
  • Pardee, A. B. 1989. G1 events and regulation of cell proliferation. Science 246:603–608.
  • Rosenthal, N. 1987. Identification of regulatory elements of cloned genes with functional assays. Methods Enzymol. 152:704–720.
  • Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463–5467.
  • Schimke, R. Personal communication.
  • Schumperli, D. 1988. Multilevel regulation of replication-dependent histone genes. Trends Genet. 4:187–190.
  • Shaw, P. E., S. Frasch, and A. Nordheim. 1989. Repression of c-fos transcription is mediated through p67SRF bound to the SRE. EMBO J. 8:2567–2574.
  • SivaRaman, L., and B. Thimmappaya. 1987. Two promoterspecific host factors interact with adjacent sequences in an EIA-inducible adenovirus promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6112–6116.
  • Smale, S. T., and D. Baltimore. 1989. The “initiator” as a transcription control element. Cell 57:103–113.
  • Stewart, C. J., M. Ito, and S. E. Conrad. 1987. Evidence for transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of the cellular thymidine kinase gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1156–1163.
  • Subramaniam, M., L. J. Schmidt, C. E. Crutchfield III, and M. J. Getz. 1989. Negative regulation of serum-responsive enhancer elements. Nature (London) 340:64–70.
  • Tabor, S., and C. C. Richardson. 1985. A bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system for controlled exclusive expression of specific genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:1074–1078.
  • Thompson, C. B., P. B. Challoner, P. E. Neiman, and M. Groudine. 1986. Expression of the c-myb proto-oncogene during cellular proliferation. Nature (London) 319:374–380.
  • Travali, S., K. E. Lipson, D. Jaskulski, E. Lauret, and R. Baserga. 1988. Role of the promoter in the regulation of the thymidine kinase gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:1551–1557.
  • Treisman, R. 1985. Transient accumulation of c-fos RNA following serum stimulation requires a conserved 5′ element and c-fos 3′ sequences. Cell 42:889–902.
  • Wahl, A. F., A. M. Geis, B. H. Spain, S. W. Wong, D. Korn, and T. S.-F. Wang. 1988. Gene expression of human DNA polymerase a during cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:5016–5025.
  • Wong, S. W., A. F. Wahl, P.-M. Yuan, N. Arai, B. E. Pearson, K.-I. Arai, D. Korn, M. W. Hunkapiller, and T. S.-F. Wang. 1988. Human DNA polymerase a gene expression is cell proliferation dependent and its primary structure is similar to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic replicative DNA polymerases. EMBO J. 7:37–47.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.