Erythroid Differentiation of Mouse Erythroleukemia Cells Results in Reorganization of Protein-DNA Complexes in the Mouse β^Maj Globin Promoter but not its Distal Enhancer

References

• Balacarek, J. Μ., and F. A. McMorris. 1983. DNase I hypersensitive sites of globin genes of uninduced Friend erythroleukemia cells and changes during induction with dimethylsulfoxide. J. Biol. Chem. 258:10622–10628.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bastiani, C., and J. Shen. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, P. B., and G. Schutz. 1988. Genomic footprinting, p. 1–19. In J. K. Selton (ed.), Genetic engineering principles and methods, vol. 10. Plenum Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Behringer, R. R., T. Μ. Ryan, R. D. Palmiter, R. L. Brinster, and T. Μ. Townes. 1990. Human γ- to β- globin gene switching in transgenic mice. Genes Dev. 4:380–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benezra, R., C. Cantor, and R. Axel. 1986. Nucleosomes are phased along the mouse beta-major globin gene in erythroid and nonerythroid cells. Cell 44:697–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caterina, J. J., T. Μ. Ryan, K. Μ. Pawlik, R. D. Palmiter, R. L. Brinster, R. R. Behringer, and T. Μ. Townes. 1991. Human β-globin locus control region: analysis of the 5' DNaseI hypersensitive site HS 2 in transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:1626–1630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, Μ. V., P. Mellon, P. Charnay, T. Maniatis, and R. Axel. 1983. The regulated expression of β-globin genes introduced into mouse erythroleukemia cells. Cell 32:483–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnay, P., P. Mellon, and T. Maniatis. 1985. Linker scanning mutagenesis of the 5' flanking region of the mouse β major globin gene: sequence requirements for the transcription in erythroid and nonerythroid cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3122–3128.
   Google Scholar
• Charnay, P., R. Treisman, P. Mellon, Μ. Chao, R. Axel, and T. Maniatis. 1984. Differences in human alpha and beta-globin gene expression in mouse erythroleukemia cells: the role of intragenic sequences. Cell 38:251–263.34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, O.-R., and J. D. Engel. 1986. A 3' enhancer is required for temporal and tissue-specific transcriptional activation of the chicken adult beta-globin gene. Nature (London) 323:731–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, O∙-R∙, and J. D. Engel. 1988. Developmental regulation of beta-globin gene switching. Cell 55:17–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, R., and Μ. Sheffery. 1985. Nucleosome disruption precedes transcription and is largely limited to the transcribed domain of globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells. J. Mol. Biol. 182:109–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowie, A., and R. Μ. Myers. 1988. DNA sequences involved in transcriptional regulation of the mouse β-globin promoter in murine erythroleukemia cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3122–3128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enver, T., N. Raich, A. J. Ebens, T. Papayannopoulou, and G. Stamatoyannopoulos. 1990. Developmental regulation of human fetal-to-adult globin gene switching in transgenic mice. Nature (London) 344:309–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, T., G. Felsenfeld, and Μ. Reitman. 1990. Control of globin gene transcription. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 6:95–124.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forrester, W. C., E. Epner, Μ. C. Driscol, T. Enver, T. Brice, T. Papayannopoulou, and Μ. Groudine. 1990. A deletion of the human β-locus activation region causes a major alteration in chromatin structure and replication across the β-globin locus. Genes Dev. 4:1637–1649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester, W. C., C. Thompson, J. T. Elder, and Μ. Grondine. 1986. A developmentally stable chromatin structure in the human β-globin gene cluster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1359–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friend, C., W. Scher, J. G. Holland, and T. Sato. 1971. Hemoglobin synthesis in murine virus induced leukemic cells in vitro: stimulation of erythroid differentiation by dimethylsulfoxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:378–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganguly, S., and A. I. Skoultchi. 1985. Absolute rate of globin gene transcription and mRNA formation during differentiation of cultured mouse erythroleukemia cells. J. Biol. Chem. 260:12167–12173.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garrity, P. A., and B. Wold. 1992. Effects of different DNA polymerases in ligation-mediated PCR: enhanced genomic sequencing and in vivo footprinting. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:1021–1025.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilmore, T. D. 1990. NF-kappa B, KBF1, dorsal, and related matters. Cell 62:841–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmour, D. S., and J. T. Lis. 1986. RNA polymerase II interacts with the promoter region of the noninduced hsp gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:3984–3989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groudine, Μ., T. Kohwi-Shigematsu, R. Gelinas, G. Stamatoyannopoulos, and T. Papayannopoulou. 1983. Human fetal to adult hemoglobin switching: changes in chromatin structure of the β globin genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:7551–7555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrera, R. E., P. E. Shaw, and A. Nordheim. 1989. Occupation of the c-fos serum responsive element in vivo by a multi-protein complex is unaltered by growth factor induction. Nature (London) 340:68–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herschman, H. R. 1991. Primary response genes induced by growth factors and tumor promoters. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 60:281–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse, J. E., J. Μ. Nickel, Μ. R. Leiber, and G. Felsenfeld. 1986. Regulated gene expression in transfected primary chicken erythrocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:4312–4316.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hofer, E., R. Hofer-Warbinek, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 1982. Globin RNA transcription: a possible termination site and demonstration of transcriptional control correlated with altered chromatin structure. Cell 29:887–893.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ikuta, T., and Y. W. Kan. 1991. In vivo protein-DNA interactions at the β-globin gene locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10188–10192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadonaga, J. T., K. R. Carner, F. R. Masiara, and R. Tjian. 1987. Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Spl and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain. Cell 51:1079–1090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., J. D. Knight, S. P. Jackson, R. Tjian, and Μ. R. Botchan. 1991. Direct interaction between Spl and the BPV enhancer E2 protein mediates synergetic activation of transcription. Cell 65:493–505.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macleod, K., and Μ. Plumb. 1991. Derepression of mouse β-major-globin gene transcription during erythroid differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4324–4332.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maniatis, T., S. Goodbourn, and J. A. Fischer. 1987. Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression. Science 236:1237–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, P. A., and R. A. Rifkind. 1978. Erythroleukemic differentiation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 47:419–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, P. A., and R. A. Rifkind. 1989. Induced differentiation of erythroleukemia cells by hexamethylene bisacetamide: a model for Cytodifferentiation of transformed cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 80:181–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maxam, A. Μ., and W. Gilbert. 1980. Sequencing of end-labeled DNA with base-specific cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 65:499–559.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mignotte, V., J. F. Eleouet, N. Raich, and P.-H. Romeo. 1989. Cis-and trans-acting elements involved in the regulation of erythroid promoter of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6548–6552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moi, P., and Y. W. Kan. 1990. Synergistic enhancement of globin gene expression by activator protein-l-like proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:9000–9004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, A. Μ., and T. J. Ley. 1990. Conservation of the primary structure, organization and function of the human and mouse β globin locus activating regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7693–7697.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mueller, P. R., and B. Wold. 1989. In vivo footprinting of a muscle specific enhancer by ligation mediated PCR. Science 246:780–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller, H. P., J. Μ. Sogo, and W. Schaffner. 1989. An enhancer stimulates transcription in trans when attached to the promoter via a protein bridge. Cell 58:767–777.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myers, R. Μ., A. Cowie, L. L. Stuve, G. Hartzog, and K. Ginder. 1989. Genetic and biochemical analysis of the mouse β-major globin promoter. Prog. Clin. Biochem. Res. 316A:117–127.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myers, R. Μ., K. Tilly, and T. Maniatis. 1986. Fine structure and genetic analysis of a β globin promoter. Science 232:613–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ney, P. A., B. P. Sorrentino, K. T. McDonaugh, and A. W. Nienhuis. 1990. Tandem AP-1-binding sites within the human β globin dominant control region function as an inducible enhancer in erythroid cells. Genes Dev. 4:993–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata, R. T., and W. Gilbert. 1978. An aminoterminal fragment of the lac repressor binds specifically to lac operator. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:5851–5855.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orkin, S. H. 1990. Globin gene regulation and switching: circa 1990. Cell 63:665–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmieri, Μ., and Μ. G. Tovey. 1990. Genomic footprinting: detection of putative regulatory proteins in the promoter region of the interferon α-1 gene in normal human tissues. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:2554–2561.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pauli, U., S. Chyrsogelos, G. Stein, J. Stein, and H. Nick. 1987. Protein-DNA interactions in vivo upstream of a cell cycle-regulated human histone gene. Science 236:1308–1311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeifer, G. P., S. D. Steigerwald, P. R. Mueller, B. Wold, and A. D. Riggs. 1989. Genomic sequencing and methylation analysis by ligation mediated PCR. Science 246:810–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Profous-Juchelka, H. R., R. C. Reubin, P. A. Marks, and R. A. Rifkind. 1983. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of globin gene accumulation in induced murine erythroleukemia cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:229–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ptashne, Μ. 1986. Gene regulation by proteins acting nearby and at a distance. Nature (London) 322:697–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, P. Μ. S., and C.-K. J. Shen. 1991. Protein-DNA interactions in vivo of an erythroid-specific, human β-globin locus enhancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8676–8680.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy, S., and J. Shen. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Romeo, P.-H., Μ. H. Prandini, V. Joulin, V. Mignotte, Μ. Prenant, W. Vianchencker, G. Marguerie, and G. Uzan. 1990. Megakaryocytic and erythrocytic lineages share specific transcription factors. Nature (London) 344:447–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rougvie, A. E., and J. T. Lis. 1990. Postinitiation transcriptional control in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:6041–6045.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salditt-Georgieff, M., Μ. Sheffery, K. Krauter, J. E. Darnell, Jr., R. Rifkind, and P. A. Marks. 1984. Induced transcription of the mouse β-globin transcription unit in erythroleukemia cells. Time-course of induction and of changes in chromatin structure. J. Mol. Biol. 172:437–450.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheffery, Μ., P. A. Marks, and R. A. Rifkind. 1984. Gene expression in murine erythroleukemia cells. J. Mol. Biol. 172:417–436.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheffery, Μ., R. A. Rifkind, and P. A. Marks. 1982. Murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation: DNase I hypersensitivity and DNA methylation near globin genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:80–84.
   Google Scholar
• Shehee, W. R., D. D. Loeb, N. B. Adey, F. H. Burton, N. C. Casavant, P. Lee, C. J. Davies, R. A. McGraw, S. A. Schichman, D. Μ. Severynse, C. F. Voliva, F. W. Weyter, G. B. Wisely, Μ. H. Edgell, and C. A. Hutchison. 1989. Nucleotide sequence of the BALB/c mouse β globin complex. J. Mol. Biol. 205:41–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, R. D., and J. Yu. 1984. Alterations in globin gene chromatin conformation during murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 259:4609–4615.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sorrentino, B. P., P. A. Ney, D. Μ. Bodine, and A. W. Nienhuis. 1990. A 46 base pair enhancer sequence within the locus activating region is required for induced expression of the γ-globin gene during erythroid differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:2721–2731.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stamatoyannopoulos, G. 1991. Human hemoglobin switching. Science 252:383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, E. C., N. C. Andrews, D. R. Higgs, and S. H. Orkin. 1992. In vivo footprinting of the human α-globin locus upstream regulatory element by adenine and guanine ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:2135–2142.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stuve, L. L., and R. Μ. Myers. 1990. A directly repeated sequence in the β-globin promoter regulates transcription in murine erythroleukemia cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:972–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot, D., S. Philipsen, P. Fraser, and F. Grosveld. 1990. Detailed analysis of the site 3 region of the human β-globin dominant control region. EMBO J. 9:2169–2178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J. C., and G. N. Giaever. 1988. Action at a distance along a DNA. Science 240:300–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weih, F., F. Stewart, Μ. Boshart, D. Nitsch, and G. Schutz. 1991. In vivo monitoring of a cAMP-stimulated DNA binding activity. Genes Dev. 4:1437–1449.
   Google Scholar
• Weintraub, H. 1985. The assembly and propagation of repressed and derepressed chromosomal states. Cell 42:705–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, S., A. Rosenthal, R. Flavell, and F. Grosveld. 1984. DNA sequences required for regulated expression of β-globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells. Cell 38:265–273.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xiao, J.-H., I. Davidson, Μ. Macchi, R. Rosales, Μ. Vigneron, A. Staub, and P. Chambon. 1987. In vitro binding of several cell-specific and ubiquitous nuclear proteins to the GT-I motif of the SV40 enhancer. Genes Dev. 1:794–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C.-Y., K. Motamed, J. Chen, A. D. Bailey, and C.-K. J. Shen. 1991. The CACC box upstream of human embryonic ε globin gene binds Spl and is a functional promoter element in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 266:8907–8915.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zinn, K., and T. Maniatis. 1986. Detection of factors that interact with the human β interferon regulatory region in vivo by DNase I footprinting. Cell 45:611–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar