REFERENCES
- Atwater, J. A., R. Wisdom, and I. M. Verma. 1990. Regulated mRNA stability. Annu. Rev. Genet. 24:519–541.
- Beebe, D. C., and D. E. Feagans. 1981. A tissue culture system for studying lens cell differentiation. Vision Res. 21:113–118.
- Bhat, S. P., R. E. Jones, M. A. Sullivan, and J. Piatigorsky. 1980. Chicken lens crystallin DNA sequences show at least two δ-crystallin genes. Nature (London) 284:234–237.
- Borras, T., J. M. Nickerson, A. B. Chepelinsky, and J. Piatigorsky. 1985. Structural and functional evidence for differential promoter activity of the two linked δ-crystallin genes in the chicken. EMBO J. 4:445–452.
- Borras, T., C. A. Peterson, and J. Piatigorsky. 1988. Evidence for positive and negative regulation in the promoter of the chicken δ1-crystallin gene. Dev. Biol. 127:209–219.
- Bowman, L. H., and C. P. Emerson, Jr. 1980. Formation and stability of cytoplasmic mRNAs during myoblast differentiation: pulse-chase and density labeling analysis. Dev. Biol. 80:146–166.
- Chepelinsky, A. B., C. R. King, P. S. Zelenka, and J. Piatigorsky. 1985. Lens-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene promoted by 5′ flanking sequences of the murine αA-crystallin in explanted chicken lens epithelia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:2334–2338.
- Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloro- form extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162:156–159.
- Das, G. C., and J. Piatigorsky. 1988. Promoter activity of the two chicken δ-crystallin genes in a HeLa cell extract. Curr. Eye Res. 7:331–340.
- Davis, L. G., M. D. Dibner, and J. F. Battey. 1986. Basic methods in molecular biology. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York.
- de Pomerai, D., W. Ip, M. McLaughlin, and K. Perry. 1991. Expression in non-lens tissues of an enzyme activity related to the ‘lens-specific’ protein, delta crystallin. Development 111:181–190.
- Goldstein, E. S., and S. Penman. 1973. Regulation of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. J. Mol. Biol. 80:243–254.
- Grainger, R. M. 1976. The preparation of 13C-15N-labeled nucleosides and methods of fractionating density-labeled RNA. Anal. Biochem. 72:513–526.
- Grillo, M., and F. L. Margolis. 1990. Use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to monitor expression of intronless genes. BioTechniques 9:262–268.
- Hawkins, J. W., J. M. Nickerson, M. A. Sullivan, and J. Piatigorsky. 1984. The chicken δ-crystallin gene family. Two genes of similar structure in close chromosomal approximation. J. Biol. Chem. 259:9821–9825.
- Kondoh, H., I. Araki, K. Yasuda, T. Matsubasa, and M. Mori. 1991. Expression of the chicken ‘Delta2-crystallin’ gene in mouse cells: evidence for encoding of argininosuccinate lyase. Gene 99:267–271.
- Levis, R., and S. Penman. 1977. The metabolism of poly(A)+ and poly(A)- hnRNA in cultured Drosophila cells studied with a rapid uridine pulse-chase. Cell 11:105–113.
- Li, X., and D. C. Beebe. 1991. Messenger RNA stabilization in chicken lens development: a reexamination. Dev. Biol. 146:239–241.
- Li, X., C. A. Zintz, and D. C. Beebe. Unpublished data.
- Modak, S., and S. Perdue. 1970. Terminal lens cell differentiation. Exp. Cell Res. 59:43–56.
- Mullner, E. W., and L. C. Kuhn. 1988. A stem-loop in the 3′ untranslated region mediates ion-dependent regulation of trans-ferrin receptor mRNA stability in the cytoplasm. Cell 53:815–825.
- Nickerson, J. M., E. F. Wawrousek, T. Borras, J. W. Hawkins, B. Norman, D. R. Filpula, J. W. Nagle, A. H. Ally, and J. Piatigorsky. 1986. Sequence of the chicken δ2 crystallin gene and its intergenic spacer. Extreme homology with the δ1-crystallin gene. J. Biol. Chem. 261:552–557.
- Nickerson, J. M., E. F. Wawrousek, J. W. Hawkins, A. S. Wakil, G. J. Wistow, G. Thomas, B. Norman, and J. Piatigorsky. 1985. The complete sequence of the chicken δ1 crystallin gene and its 5′ flanking region. J. Biol. Chem. 260:9100–9105.
- Parker, D. S., E. F. Wawrousek, and J. Piatigorsky. 1988. Expression of the δ-crystallin genes in the embryonic chicken lens. Dev. Biol. 126:375–381.
- Piatigorsky, J. 1981. Lens differentiation in vertebrates. A review of cellular and molecular features. Differentiation 19:134–153.
- Piatigorsky, J. 1989. Lens crystallins and their genes: diversity and tissue-specific expression. FASEB J. 3:1933–1940.
- Piatigorsky, J., W. E. O’Brien, B. L. Norman, K. Kalumuk, G. J. Wistow, T. Borras, J. M. Nickerson, and E. F. Wawrousek. 1988. Gene sharing by δ-crystallin and argininosuccinate lyase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3479–3483.
- Piatigorsky, J., and P. S. Zelenka. 1992. Transcriptional regulation of crystallin genes: Cis elements, trans-factors and signal transduction system in the lens. Adv. Dev. Biochem. 1:211–256.
- Steinberg, R. A., B. B. Levinson, and G. M. Tomkins. 1975. “Superinduction” of tyrosine aminotransferase by actinomycin D: a reevaluation. Cell 5:29–35.
- Thomas, G., P. S. Zelenka, R. A. Cuthbertson, B. L. Norman, and J. Piatigorsky. 1990. Differential expression of the two δ-crystallin/argininosuccinate lyase gene in lens, heart, and brain of chicken embryos. New Biol. 2:903–914.
- Wawrousek, E. F., J. M. Nickerson, and J. Piatigorsky. 1986. Two δ-crystallin polypeptides are derived from a cloned δ1 crystallin cDNA. FEBS Lett. 205:235–240.
- Winkles, J. A., and R. M. Grainger. 1985. Differential stability of Drosophila embryonic mRNAs during subsequent larval development. J. Cell Biol. 101:1808–1816.
- Wistow, G., and J. Piatigorsky. 1987. Recruitment of enzymes as lens structural proteins. Science 236:1554–1556.
- Zelenka, P., L. Pallansch, and M. Vatal. 1989. Nuclear run-on transcription from primary embryonic lens tissue. Dev. Biol. 132:69–72.