Differential Effects of Cdc68 on Cell Cycle-Regulated Promoters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

References

• Andrews, B. J., and I. Herskowitz. 1989. The yeast SWI4 protein contains a motif present in developmental regulators and is part of a complex involved in cell-cycle-dependent transcription. Nature (London) 342:830–833.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andrews, B. J., and I. Herskowitz. 1989. Identification of a DNA binding factor involved in cell-cycle control of the yeast HO gene. Cell 57:21–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andrews, B. J., and L. A. Moore. 1992. Interaction of the yeast Swi4 and Swi6 cell cycle regulatory proteins in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:11852–11856.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aparicio, Ο. M., B. L. Billington, and D. E. Gottschling. 1991. Modifiers of position effect are shared between telomeric and silent mating-type loci in S. cerevisiae. Cell 66:1279–1287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl (ed.). 1988. Current protocols in molecular biology. Greene Publishing Associates/Wiley Interscience, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Boeke, J., F. Lacroute, and G. Fink. 1984. A positive selection for mutants lacking orotidine-5′ phosphate decarboxylase activity in yeast: 5-fluoro-orotic acid resistance. Mol. Gen. Genet. 197:345–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boeke, J. D., and S. B. Sandmeyer. 1992. Yeast transposable elements, p. 193–261. In J. R. Broach, J. R. Pringle, and E. W. Jones (ed.), The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, vol. 1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breeden, L., and G. Mikesell. 1991. Cell cycle-specific expression of the SWI4 transcription factor is required for the cell cycle regulation of HO transcription. Genes Dev. 5:1183–1190.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breeden, L., and G. Mikesell. Three independent forms of regulation affect expression of HO, CLN1, and CLN2 during the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Breeden, L., and K. Nasmyth. 1985. Regulation of the yeast HO gene. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 50:643–650.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breeden, L., and K. Nasmyth. 1987. Cell cycle control of the yeast HO gene: cis- and trans-acting regulators. Cell 48:389–397.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breeden, L., and K. Nasmyth. 1987. Similarity between cell-cycle genes of budding yeast and fission yeast and the Notch gene of Drosophila. Nature (London) 329:651–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucking-Throm, E., W. Duntze, and L. H. Hartwell. 1973. Reversible arrest of haploid yeast cells at the initiation of DNA synthesis by a diffusible sex factor. Exp. Cell. Res. 76:99–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cairns, B. R., Y.-J. Kim, M. H. Sayre, B. C. Laurent, and R. D. Kornberg. 1994. A multisubunit complex containing the SWI1/ ADR6, SWI2/SNF2, SWI3, SNF5, and SNF6 gene products isolated from yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:1950–1954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S., R. W. West, Jr., S. L. Johnson, H. Gans, B. Kruger, and J. Ma. 1993. TSF3, a global regulatory protein that silences transcription of yeast GAL genes, also mediates repression by α2 repressor and is identical to SIN4. Mol. Cell Biol. 13:831–840.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, S., R. W. West, Jr., J. Ma, S. L. Johnson, H. Gans, and G. Woldehawariat. 1993. TSF1 to TSF6, required for silencing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL genes, are global regulatory genes. Genetics 134:701–716.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chien, C.-T., P. L. Bartel, R. Sternglanz, and S. Fields. 1991. The two hybrid system: a method to identify proteins encoded by a plasmid library that interact with a protein of interest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:9578–9582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark-Adams, C. D., D. Norris, M. A. Osley, J. S. Fassler, and F. Winston. 1988. Changes in histone gene dosage alter transcription in yeast. Genes Dev. 2:150–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collart, M. A., and K. Struhl. 1994. NOTl(CDC39), NOT2 (CDC36), NOT3, and NOT4 encode a global-negative regulator of transcription that differentially affects TATA-element utilization. Genes Dev. 8:525–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, R., G. E. Mikesell, and L. Breeden. 1993. Multiple Swi6-dependent cis-acting elements control SWI4 transcription through the cell cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:3792–3801.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon, C. B., and J. L. Campbell. 1991. A cell cycle-responsive transcriptional control element and a negative control element in the gene encoding DNA polymerase α in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:6058–6062.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guarente, L., and T. Mason. 1983. Heme regulates transcription of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae via an upstream activation site. Cell 32:1279–1286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, M., U. Kim, P. Kayne, and M. Grunstein. 1988. Depletion of histone H4 and nucleosomes activates the PHO5 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 7:2221–2228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirschorn, J. N., S. A. Brown, C. D. Clark, and F. Winston. 1992. Evidence that SNF2/SWI2 and SNF5 activate transcription in yeast by altering chromatin structure. Genes Dev. 6:2288–2298.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ito, Η., Y. Fukada, K. Murata, and A. Kimura. 1983. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J. Bacteriol. 153:163–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivy, J. M., A. J. S. Klar, and J. B. Hicks. 1986. Cloning and characterization of four SIR genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:688–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, H. W., and D. J. Stillman. 1992. Involvement of the SIN4 global transcriptional regulator in the chromatin structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4503–4514.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keleher, C. A., M. J. Redd, J. Schultz, M. Carlson, and A. D. Johnson. 1992. Ssn6-Tup1 is a general repressor of transcription in yeast. Cell 68:709–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger, W., and I. Herskowitz. 1991. A negative regulator of HO transcription, SIN1 (SPT2), is a nonspecific DNA-binding protein related to HMG1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4135–4146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger, W., C. L. Peterson, A. Sil, and I. Herskowitz. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Laurent, B. C., and M. Carlson. 1992. Yeast SNF2/SWI2, SNF5, and SNF6 proteins function coordinately with the gene-specific transcriptional activators GAL4 and Bicoid. Genes Dev. 6:1707–1715.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laurent, B. C., M. A. Treitel, and M. Carlson. 1990. The SNF5 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a glutamine- and proline-rich transcriptional activator that affects expression of a broad spectrum of genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:5616–5625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowndes, N. F., A. L. Johnson, and L. H. Johnston. 1991. Coordination of expression of DNA synthesis genes in budding yeast by a cell-cycle regulated trans factor. Nature (London) 350:247–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lycan, D. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Malone, E. A., C. D. Clark, A. Chiang, and F. Winston. 1991. Mutations in SPT16/CDC68 suppress cis- and trans-acting mutations that affect promoter function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5710–5717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh, E. M., T. Atkinson, R. K. Storms, and M. Smith. 1991. Characterization of a short, cis-acting DNA sequence which conveys cell cycle stage-dependent transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:329–337.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mikesell, G., and L. Breeden. Unpublished data.
   Google Scholar
• Nasmyth, K. 1983. Molecular analysis of cell lineage. Nature (London) 302:670–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasmyth, K. 1985. At least 1400 base pairs of 5′ flanking DNA is required for the correct expression of the HO gene in yeast. Cell 42:213–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasmyth, K., and L. Dirick. 1991. The role of SWI4 and SWI6 in the activity of G1 cyclins in yeast. Cell 66:995–1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasmyth, K. A., D. J. Stillman, and D. Kipling. 1987. Both positive and negative regulators of HO transcription are required for mother-cell-specific mating type switching in yeast. Cell 48:579–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, D., and M. A. Osley. 1987. The two gene pairs encoding H2A and H2B play different roles in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae life cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3473–3481.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ogas, J., B. J. Andrews, and I. Herskowitz. 1991. Transcriptional activation of CLN1, CLN2, and a putative new G1 cyclin (HCS26) by SWI4, a positive regulator of G1-specific transcription. Cell 66:1015–1026.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterson, C. L., A. Dingwall, and M. P. Scott. 1994. Five SWI/SNF gene products are components of a large multisubunit complex required for transcriptional enhancement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2905–2908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, C. L., and I. Herskowitz. 1992. Characterization of the yeast SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 genes, which encode a global activator of transcription. Cell 68:573–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prelich, G., and F. Winston. 1993. Mutations that suppress the deletion of an upstream activating sequence in yeast: involvement of a protein kinase and histone H3 in repressing transcription in vivo. Genetics 135:665–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prendergast, J. A., L. E. Murray, A. Rowley, D. R. Carruthers, R. A. Singer, and G. C. Johnston. 1990. Size selection identifies new genes that regulate Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell proliferation. Genetics 124:81–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Primig, M., S. Sockanathan, H. Auer, and K. Nasmyth. 1992. Anatomy of a transcription factor important for the Start of the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature (London) 358:593–597.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richardson, Η. E., C. Wittenberg, F. Cross, and S. J. Reed. 1989. An essential G1 function for cyclin-like proteins in yeast. Cell 59:1127–1133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rine, J., and I. Herskowitz. 1987. Four genes responsible for a position effect on expression from HML and HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 116:9–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeder, G. S., C. Beard, M. Smith, and S. Keranen. 1985. Isolation and characterization of SPT2 gene, a negative regulator of Ty-controlled yeast gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1543–1553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothstein, R. 1983. One step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 101:202–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowley, A., G. C. Johnston, B. Butler, M. Wemer-Washburne, and R. A. Singer. 1993. Heat shock-mediated cell cycle blockage and G1 cyclin expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1034–1041.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowley, A., R. A. Singer, and G. C. Johnston. 1991. CDC68, a yeast gene that affects regulation of cell proliferation and transcription, encodes a protein with a highly acidic carboxyl terminus. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:5718–5726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnell, R., L. D'Ari, M. Foss, D. Goodman, and J. Rine. 1989. Genetic and molecular characterization of suppressors of SIR4 mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 122:29–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherman, F., G. R. Fink, and J. B. Hicks. 1982. Methods in yeast genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Sherman, F., and J. Hicks. 1991. Micromanipulation and dissection of asci. Methods Enzymol. 194:21–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sidorova, J., and L. Breeden. 1993. Analysis of the SWI4/SWI6 protein complex, which directs G1/S-specific transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1069–1077.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stearns, T., and D. Botstein. 1988. Unlinked noncomplementation: isolation of new conditional-lethal mutations in each of the tubulin genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 119:249–260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stern, M., R. Jensen, and I. Herskowitz. 1984. Five SW1 genes are required for expression of the HO gene in yeast. J. Mol. Biol. 178:853–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg, P. W., M. J. Stern, I. Clark, and I. Herskowitz. 1987. Activation of the yeast HO gene by release from multiple negative controls. Cell 48:567–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stillman, D. J., S. Dorland, and Y. Yu. 1994. Epistasis analysis of suppressor mutations that allow HO expression in the absence of the yeast SWI5 transcriptional activator. Genetics 136:781–788.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tatchell, K., K. A. Nasmyth, and B. D. Hall. 1981. In vitro mutation analysis of the mating-type locus in yeast. Cell 27:25–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal, M., and R. F. Gaber. 1991. RPD3 encodes a second factor required to achieve maximum positive and negative transcriptional states in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:6317–6327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., and D. J. Stillman. 1993. Transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a SIN3-LexA fusion protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1805–1814.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winston, F., and M. Carlson. 1992. Yeast SNF/SWI transcriptional activators and the SPT/SIN chromatin connection. Trends Genet. 8:387–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittenberg, C., K. Sugimoto, and S. I. Reed. 1990. G1-specific cyclins of S. cerevisiae: cell cycle periodicity, regulation by mating pheromone, and association with the p34CDC28 protein kinase. Cell 62:225–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, Q., G. C. Johnston, and R. A. Singer. 1993. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc68 transcription activator is antagonized by San1, a protein implicated in transcriptional silencing. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:7553–7565.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar