HEN1 Encodes a 20-Kilodalton Phosphoprotein That Binds an Extended E-Box Motif as a Homodimer

REFERENCES

• Alex, R., O. Sözeri, S. Meyer, and R. Dildrop. 1992. Determination of the DNA sequence recognized by the bHLH-zip domain of N-Myc protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:2257–2263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso, M. C., and C. V. Cabrera. 1988. The achaete-scute gene complex of Drosophila melanogaster comprises four homologous genes. EMBO J. 7:2585–2591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson, S., D. L. Davis, H. Dahlback, H. Jornvall, and D. W. Russell. 1989. Cloning, structure and expression of the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 sterol 26-hydroxylase, a bile acid biosynthetic enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 264:8222–8229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley, C. G., P. D. Apian, S. M. Denning, B. F. Haynes, T. A. Waldman, and I. R. Kirsch. 1989. The gene SCL is expressed during early hematopoiesis and encodes a differentiation-related DNA-binding motif. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:10128–10132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley, C. G., S. Lipkowitz, V. Gö, K. A. Mahon, V. Bertness, A. R. Green, N. M. Gough, and I. R. Kirsch. 1992. Molecular characterization of NSCL, a gene encoding a helix-loop-helix protein expressed in the developing nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:38–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benezra, R., R. L. Davis, D. Lockshon, D. L. Turner, and H. Weintraub. 1990. The protein Id: a negative regulator of helix-loop-helix DNA binding proteins. Cell 61:49–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, Ο., N. Lecointe, Ρ. Jonveaux, M. Souyri, M. Mauchauffe, R. Berger, C. J. Larsen, and D. Mathieu-Mahul. 1991. Two site-specific deletions and the t(l;14) translocation restricted to human T-cell acute leukemias disrupt the 5′ part of the tal-1 gene. Oncogene 6:1477–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell, T. K., L. Kretzner, E. M. Blackwood, R. N. Eisenman, and H. Weintraub. 1990. Sequence-specific DNA binding by the c-Myc protein. Science 250:1149–1151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell, T. K., and H. Weintraub. 1990. Differences and similarities in DNA-binding preferences of MyoD and E2A protein complexes revealed by binding site selection. Science 250:1104–1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, W. J., P. van der Geer, and T. Hunter. 1991. Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by twodimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates. Methods Enzymol. 210:110–149.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, L., R. Epsinosa III, M. M. Le Beau, M. J. Siciliano, and R. Baer. 1992. HEN1 and HEN2: a subgroup of basic helix-loop-helix genes that are coexpressed in a human neuroblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8492–8496.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cabrera, C. V., and M. C. Alonso. 1991. Transcriptional activation by heterodimers of the achaete-scute and daughterless gene products of Drosophila. EMBO J. 10:2965–2973.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, Q., J.-T. Cheng, L.-H. Tsai, N. Schneider, G. Buchanan, A. Carroll, W. Crist, B. Ozanne, M. Siciliano, and R. Baer. 1990. The tal gene undergoes chromosome translocation in a T-cell leukemia and potentially encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. EMBO J. 9:415–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J.-T., H.-L. Hsu, L.-Y. Hwang, and R. Baer. 1993. Products of the TAL1 oncogene: basic helix-loop-helix proteins phosphorylated at serine residues. Oncogene 8:677–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church, G. M., A. Ephrussi, W. Gilbert, and S. Tonegawa. 1985. Cell type specific contacts to immunoglobulin enhancers in nuclei. Nature (London) 313:798–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dang, C. V., C. Dolde, M. L. Gillison, and G. J. Kato. 1992. Discrimination between related DNA sites by a single amino acid residue of Myc-related basic-helix-loop-helix proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:599–602.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis, R. L., P.-F. Cheng, A. B. Lassar, and H. Weintraub. 1990. The MyoD DNA binding domain contains a recognition code for muscle-specific gene activation. Cell 60:733–746.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dignam, J. D., R. M. Lebovitz, and R. G. Roeder. 1983. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:1475–1489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ephrussi, A., G. M. Church, S. Tonegawa, and W. Gilbert. 1985. B lineage-specific interactions of an immunoglobulin enhancer with cellular factors in vivo. Science 227:134–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferré-D'Amaré, A. R., G. C. Prendergast, E. B. Ziff, and S. K. Burley. 1993. Recognition by Max of its cognate DNA through a dimeric b/HLH/Z domain. Nature (London) 363:38–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, J., J.-I. Nikawa, D. Broek, B. MacDonald, L. Rodgers, I. A. Wilson, R. A. Lerner, and M. Wigler. 1988. Purification of a RAS-responsive adenyl cyclase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by use of an epitope addition method. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2159–2165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finger, L. R., J. Kagan, G. Christopher, J. Kurtzberg, M. S. Hershfield, P. C. Nowell, and C. M. Croce. 1989. Involvement of the TCL5 gene on human chromosome 1 in T-cell leukemia and melanoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5039–5043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, F., and C. R. Goding. 1992. Single amino acid substitutions alter helix-loop-helix protein specificity for bases flanking the core CANNTG motif. EMBO J. 11:4103–4109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Funk, W. D., M. Ouellette, and W. E. Wright. 1991. Molecular biology of myogenic regulatory factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:185–195.
   Google Scholar
• Funk, W. D., and W. E. Wright. 1992. Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: myogenin interacts with factors recognizing binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix, nuclear factor 1, myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2 and COMP1 factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9484–9488.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gobel, V., S. Lipkowitz, C. A. Kozak, and I. R. Kirsch. 1992. NSCL-2: a basic domain helix-loop-helix gene expressed in early neurogenesis. Cell Growth Differ. 3:143–148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greene, L. L., and A. Tischler. 1976. Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal cell line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:2424–2428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halazonetis, T. D., and A. N. Kandil. 1991. Determination of the c-Myc DNA-binding site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:6162–6166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henthorn, P., M. Kiledjian, and T. Kadesch. 1990. Two distinct transcription factors that bind the immunoglobulin enhancer mE5lkE2 motif. Science 247:467–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, H.-L., J.-T. Cheng, Q. Chen, and R. Baer. 1991. Enhancer binding activity of the Tal-1 oncoprotein in association with the E12/E47 helix-loop-helix proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:3037–3042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, H.-L., L. Huang, J. T. Tsan, W. Funk, W. E. Wright, J.-S. Hu, R. E. Kingston, and R. Baer. 1994. Preferred sequences for DNA recognition by the TAL1 helix-loop-helix proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1256–1265.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hunter, T., and M. Karin. 1992. The regulation of transcription by phosphorylation. Cell 70:375–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. E., S. J. Birren, and D. J. Anderson. 1990. Two rat homologues of Drosophila achaete-scute specifically expressed in neuronal precursors. Nature (London) 346:858–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. E., S. J. Birren, T. Saito, and D. J. Anderson. 1992. DNA binding and transcriptional regulatory activity of mammalian achaete-scute homologous (MASH) proteins revealed by interaction with a muscle-specific enhancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:3596–3600.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kadesch, T. 1993. Consequences of heteromeric interactions among helix-loop-helix proteins. Cell Growth Differ. 4:49–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London) 227:680–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassar, A. B., R. L. Davis, W. E. Wright, T. Kadesch, C. Murre, A. Voronova, D. Baltimore, and H. Weintraub. 1991. Functional activity of myogenic HLH proteins requires hetero-oligomerization with E12/E47-like proteins in vivo. Cell 66:305–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, L.-C., J. E. Johnson, C. W. Wuenschell, T. Saito, and D. J. Anderson. 1991. Mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 is transiently expressed by spatially restricted subsets of early neuroepithelial and neural crest cells. Genes Dev. 5:1524–1537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellentin, J. D., S. D. Smith, and M. L. Cleary. 1989. lyl-1, a novel gene altered by chromosomal translocation in T-cell leukemia, codes for a protein with a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif. Cell 58:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murre, C., P. Schonleber McCaw, and D. Baltimore. 1989. A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD, and myc proteins. Cell 56:777–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murre, C., P. Schonleber McCaw, H. Vaessin, M. Caudy, L. Y. Jan, Y. N. Jan, C. V. Cabrera, J. N. Buskin, S. D. Hauschka, A. B. Lassar, H. Weintraub, and D. Baltimore. 1989. Interactions between heterologous helix-loop-helix proteins generate complexes that bind specifically to a common DNA sequence. Cell 58:537–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson, E. N. 1990. MyoD family: a paradigm for development? Genes Dev. 4:1454–1461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prendergast, G. C., and E. B. Ziff. 1991. Methylation-sensitive sequence-specific DNA binding by the c-Myc basic region. Science 251:186–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger, F., A. R. Coulson, B. G. Barrell, A. J. H. Smith, and B. A. Roe. 1980. Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J. Mol. Biol. 143:161–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, D. B., and K. S. Johnson. 1988. Single-step purification of polypeptides expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with glutathione 5-transferase. Gene 67:31–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, X.-H., and D. Baltimore. 1991. An inhibitory domain of E12 transcription factor prevents DNA binding in E12 homodimers but not in E12 heterodimers. Cell 64:459–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Doren, M., Η. M. Ellis, and J. W. Posakony. 1991. The Drosophila extramacrochaetae protein antagonizes sequence-specific DNA binding by daughteriess/achaete-scute protein complexes. Development 113:245–255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Villares, R., and C. V. Cabrera. 1987. The achaete-scute gene complex of D. melanogaster: conserved domains in a subset of genes required for neurogenesis and their homology to myc. Cell 50:415–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voronova, A., and D. Baltimore. 1990. Mutations that disrupt DNA binding and dimer formation in the E47 helix-loop-helix protein map to distinct domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:4722–4726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weintraub, H., R. Davis, S. Tapscott, M. Thayer, M. Krause, R. Benezra, T. K. Blackwell, D. Turner, R. Rupp, S. Hollenburg, Y. Zhuang, and A. Lassar. 1991. The MyoD gene family: nodal point during specification of the muscle cell lineage. Science 251:761–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, W. E., M. Binder, and W. Funk. 1991. Cyclic amplification and selection of targets (CASTing) for the myogenin consensus binding site. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:4104–4110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, Y., L. Brown, C. Y.-C. Yang, J. T. Tsan, M. J. Siciliano, R. Espinosa IIΙ, M. M. Le Beau, and R. J. Baer. 1991. TAL2, a helix-loop-helix gene activated by the (7;9)(q34;q32) translocation in human T-cell leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:11416–11420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar