An M-CAT Binding Factor and an RSRF-Related A-Rich Binding Factor Positively Regulate Expression of the α-Cardiac Myosin Heavy-Chain Gene In Vivo

References

• Anversa, P., L. Vitali-Mazza, A. Gandolfi, and A. V. Loud. 1975. Morphometry and autoradiography of early hypertrophic changes in the ventricular myocardium of the adult rat. Lab. Invest. 33:125–129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arceci, R. J., A. A. J. King, M. C. Simon, S. H. Orkin, and D. B. Wilson. 1993. Mouse GATA-4: a retinoic acid-inducible GATA-binding transcription factor expressed in endodermally derived tissues and heart. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2235–2246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttrick, P. M., M. L. Kaplan, R. N. Kitsis, and L. A. Leinwand. 1993. Distinct behavior of cardiac myosin heavy chain gene constructs in vivo. Circ. Res. 72:1211–1217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chassagne, C., C. Wisnewsky, and K. Schwartz. 1993. Antithetical accumulation of myosin heavy chain but not α-actin mRNA isoforms during early stages of pressure-overload-induced rat cardiac hypertrophy. Circ. Res. 72:857–864.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dignam, J. D., R. M. Lebowitz, and R. G. Roeder. 1993. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mamalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:1475–1489.
   Google Scholar
• Farrance, I. K. G. (University of California, San Francisco). 1993. Personal communication.
   Google Scholar
• Farrance, I. K. G., J. H. Mar, and C. P. Ordahl. 1992. M-CAT binding factor is related to the SV 40 enhancer binding factor, TEF-1. J. Biol. Chem. 267:17234–17240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorman, C. M., L. F. Moffat, and Β. Η. Howard. 1982. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:1044–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gossett, L. A., D. J. Kelvin, E. A. Sternberg, and Ε. Ν. Olson. 1989. A new myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor that recognizes a conserved element associated with multiple muscle-specific genes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:5022–5023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, M. P., M. Gupta, R. Zak, and V. P. Sukhatme. 1991. Egr-1, a serum inducible zinc finger protein, regulates transcription of the rat cardiac α-myosin heavy chain gene. J. Biol. Chem. 266:12813–12816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson, Τ. A., Β. Ε. Markham, J. J. Bahl, and E. Morkin. 1987. Thyroid hormone regulates the expression of a transfected α-myosin heavy chain fusion gene in fetal heart cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:3122–3126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson, Τ. A., Β. Ε. Markham, and Ε. Morkin. 1986. Effects of thyroid hormone on α-actin and myosin heavy chain gene expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles of the rat: measurements of mRNA content using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. Circ. Res. 59:194–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hemsley, A., Ν. Arnheim, M. D. Toney, G. Cortopassi, and D. J. Galas. 1989. A simple method for site directed mutagenesis using polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:6545–6551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izumo, S., A.-M. Lompre, R. Matsuoka, G. Koren, K. Schwartz, B. Nadal-Ginard, and V. Mahdavi. 1987. Myosin heavy chain messenger RNA and protein isoform transitions during cardiac hypertrophy. J. Clin. Invest. 79:970–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izumo, S., and V. Mahdavi. 1988. Thyroid hormone receptor α isoforms generated by alternative splicing differentially activate myosin HC gene transcription. Nature (London) 334:539–542.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Izumo, S., B. Nadal-Ginard, and V. Mahdavi. 1986. All members of the MHC multigene family respond to thyroid hormone in a highly tissue specific manner. Science 231:597–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadonaga, J. T., and R. Tjian. 1986. Affinity purification of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5889–5893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kariya, K., I. K. G. Farrance, and P. C. Simpson. 1993. Transcriptional enhancer factor-1 in cardiac myocytes interacts with an α1-adrenergic-and β-protein kinase C-inducible element in the rat β-MHC promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 268:26658–26662.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin, H., M. Parmacek, G. Morle, S. Boiling, and J. M. Leiden. 1990. Expression of recombinant genes in myocardium in vivo after direct injection of DNA. Circulation 82:2217–2221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lompre, A.-M., B. Nadal-Ginard, and V. Mahdavi. 1984. Expression of the cardiac ventricular α- and β-myosin heavy chain genes is developmentally and hormonally regulated. J. Biol. Chem. 259:6437–6446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, G. E., S. Schiaffino, D. Sassoon, P. Barton, and M. Buckingham. 1990. Developmental regulation of myosin gene expression in mouse cardiac muscle. J. Cell Biol. 111:2427–2436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahdavi, V., A. P. Chambers, and B. Nadal-Ginard. 1984. Cardiac α- and β-myosin heavy chain genes are organized in tandem. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2626–2630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mar, J. H., and C. P. Ordahl. 1988. A conserved CATTCCT motif is required for skeletal muscle-specific activity of the cardiac troponin Τ promoter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6404–6408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mar, J. H., and C. P. Ordahl. 1990. M-CAT binding factor, a novel trans-acting factor governing muscle-specific transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:4271–4283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markham, B. E., J. J. Bahl, T. A. Gustafson, and E. Morkin. 1987. Interaction of a protein factor within a thyroid hormone sensitive region of rat α-myosin heavy chain gene. J. Biol. Chem. 262:12856–12862.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markham, B. E., R. W. Tsika, J. J. Bahl, P. G. Anderson, and E. Morkin. 1990. An anti-sense c-erbA clone inhibits thyroid hormone-induced expression from the α-myosin heavy chain promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 265:6489–6493.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin, J. F., J. M. Miano, C. M. Hustad, N. G. Copeland, N. A. Jenkins, and Ε. Ν. Olson. 1994. A mef2 gene that generates a muscle-specific isoform via alternative mRNA splicing. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:1647–1656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxam, A. M., and W. Gilbert. 1980. Sequencing DNA by labeling the end and breaking at bases: DNA segments, end-labels, cleavage reactions polyacrylamide gels, and strategies. Methods Enzymol. 65:499–560.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDermott, J. C., M. C. Cardoso, Y.-T. Yu, V. Andres, D. Leifer, D. Krainc, S. A. Lipton, and B. Nadal Ginard. 1993. hMEF2C gene encodes skeletal muscle- and brain-specific transcription factors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:2564–2577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molkentin, J. D., R. S. Brogan, S. M. Jobe, and Β. Ε. Markham. 1993. Expression of the α-myosin heavy chain gene in the heart is regulated in part by an Ε-box dependent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 268:2602–2609.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molkentin, J. D., and Β. Ε. Markham. 1993. Myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) regulates α-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene expression in vitro and in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 268:19512–19520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molkentin, J. D., and Β. Ε. Markham. Unpublished results.
   Google Scholar
• Morkin, E., J. J. Bahl, and Β. Ε. Markham. 1989. Control of cardiac myosin heavy chain gene expression by thyroid hormone, p. 381–389. In L. Kedes, and F. Stockdale (ed.), Cellular and molecular biology of muscle development. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York.
   Google Scholar
• Ojamaa, K., and I. Klein. 1991. Thyroid hormone regulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter activity assessed by in vivo DNA transfer in rat heart. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179:1269–1275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollock, R., and R. Treisman. 1991. Human SRF-related proteins: DNA binding properties and potential regulatory targets. Genes Dev. 5:2327–2341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidman, C. E., D. W. Wong, J. A. Jarcho, K. D. Bloch, and J. G. Seidman. 1988. cis-acting sequences that modulate atrial natriuretic factor gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:4104–4108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimizu, Ν., Ε. Dizon, and R. Zak. 1992. Both muscle-specific and ubiquitous nuclear factors are required for muscle-specific expression of the myosin heavy-chain β gene in cultured cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:619–630.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shimizu, N., G. Smith, and S. Izumo. 1993. Both a ubiquitous factor mTEF-1 and a distinct muscle-specific factor bind to the M-CAT motif of the myosin heavy chain β gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:4103–4110.
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg, Ε. A., G. Spizz, W. M. Perry, D. Vizard, T. Weil, and Ε. Ν. Olson. 1988. Identification of upstream and intragenic regulatory elements that confer cell-type-restricted and differentiation-specific expression on the muscle creatine kinase gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2896–2909.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sturm, R., T. Baumrukef, R. Franza, Jr., and W. Herr. 1987. A 100-kD HeLa cell octamer binding protein (OBP100) interacts differently with two separate octamer related sequences within the SV40 enhancer. Genes Dev. 1:1147–1160.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Subramaniam, A., W. K. Jones, J. Gulick, S. Wert, J. Neumann, and J. Robbins. 1991. Tissue-specific regulation of the α-myosin heavy chain gene promoter in transgenic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 266:24613–24620.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson, W. R., B. Nadal-Ginard, and V. Mahdavi. 1991. A myoD1-independent muscle-specific enhancer controls the expression of the β-myosin heavy chain gene in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266:22678–22688.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsika, R. W., J. J. Bahl, L. A. Leinwand, and E. Morkin. 1990. Thyroid hormone regulates expression of a transfected human α-myosin heavy-chain fusion gene in fetal rat heart cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:379–383.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolff, J. A., R. W. Malone, P. Williams, W. Chong, G. Acsadi, A. Jani, and P. L. Feigner. 1990. Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo. Science 247:1465–1468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Y.-T., R. E. Breitbart, L. B. Smoot, Y. Lee, V. Mahdavi, and B. Nadal-Ginard. 1992. Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors. Genes Dev. 6:1783–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakut, R., M. Shani, D. Givol, S. Neuman, D. Yaffe, and U. Nudel. 1982. Nucleotide sequence of the rat skeletal muscle actin gene. Nature (London) 298:857–859.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar