Cloning and Characterization of the Gene for β-Tubulin from a Benomyl-Resistant Mutant of Neurospora crassa and Its Use as a Dominant Selectable Marker

LITERATURE CITED

• Aviv, H., and P. Leder. 1972. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:1408–1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennetzen, J. L., and B. D. Hall. 1982. Codon selection in yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 257:3026–3031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton, W., and R. Davis. 1977. Screening of lambda gt11 recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science 196:180–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berk, A. J., and P. A. Sharp. 1977. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease digested hybrids. Cell 12:721–732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggin, M. D., T. J. Gibson, and G. F. Hong. 1983. Buffer gradient gels and 35-S labels as an aid to rapid sequence determination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:3963–3965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnboim, H. C., and J. A. Doly. 1978. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 7:1513–1523.
   Google Scholar
• Borck, K., and H. D. Braymer. 1974. The genetic analysis of resistance to benomyl in Neurospora crassa. J. Gen. Microbiol. 85:51–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buxton, F. P., and A. Radford. 1984. The transformation of mycelial spheroplasts of Neurospora crassa and the attempted isolation of an autonomous replicator. Mol. Gen. Genet. 196:339–344.
   Google Scholar
• Denhardt, D. T. 1966. A membrane-filter technique for the detection of complementary DNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 23:641–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhawale, S. S., J. V. Paietta, and G. A. Marzluf. 1984. A new rapid and efficient transformation procedure for Neurospora. Curr. Genet. 8:77–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drouin, J. 1980. Cloning of human mitochondrial DNA in Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 140:15–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hautala, J. A., B. H. Conner, J. W. Jacobson, G. L. Patel, and N. H. Giles. 1977. Isolation and characterization of nuclei from Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 130:704–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henikoff, S. 1984. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene 28:351–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiraoka, Y., T. Toda, and M. Yanagida. 1984. The NDA3 gene of fission yeast encodes β-tubulin: a cold sensitive ndaS mutation reversibly blocks spindle formation and chromosome movement in mitosis. Cell 39:349–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ikemura, T. 1981. Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes: a proposal for a synonomous codon choice that is optimal for the E. coli translation system. J. Mol. Biol. 151:389–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimmel, B. E., S. Samson, J. Wu, R. Hirschberg, and L. R. Yarbrough. 1985. Tubulin genes of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: nucleotide sequence of a 3.7 kb fragment containing genes for alpha and beta tubulins. Gene 35:237–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinnaird, J. H., and J. R. S. Fincham. 1983. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Neurospora crassa am (NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase) gene. Gene 26:253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnaird, J. H., M. A. Keighren, J. A. Kinsey, M. Eaton, and J. R. S. Fincham. 1982. Cloning of the am (glutamate dehydrogenase) gene of Neurospora crassa through the use of a synthetic DNA probe. Gene 20:387–396.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langford, C. J., F.-J. Klinz, C. Donath, and D. GaUwitz. 1984. Point mutations identify the conserved, intron-contained TACTAAC box as an essential splicing signal sequence in yeast. Cell 36:645–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legerton, T. L., and C. Yanofsky. 1985. Cloning and characterization of the multifunctional his-3 gene of Neurospora crassa. Gene 39:129–140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lerner, M. R., J. A. Boyle, S. M. Mount, S. L. Wolin, and J. A. Steitz. 1980. Are snRNPs involved in splicing? Nature (London) 283:220–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
   Google Scholar
• Maxam, A. M., and W. Gilbert. 1980. Sequencing end-labelled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 65:499–560.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Messing, J., and J. Vieira. 1982. A new pair of M13 vectors for selecting either DNA strand of double-digest restriction fragments. Gene 19:269–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzenberg, R. L., J. N. Stevens, E. U. Selker, and E. Morzycka-Wroblewska. 1985. Identification and chromosomal distribution of 5S rRNA genes in Neurospora crassa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:2067–2071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullins, J. I., D. S. Brody, R. C. Binary, and S. M. Cotter. 1984. Viral transduction of c-myc gene in natural occurring feline leukemias. Nature (London) 308:856–858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff, N. F., J. H. Thomas, P. Grisafi, and D. Botstein. 1983. Isolation of the β-tubulin gene from yeast and demonstration of its essential function in vivo. Cell 33:211–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrander, J., T. Kempe, and J. Messing. 1983. Construction of improved M13 vectors using oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Gene 26:101–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinert, W. R., V. B. Patel, and N. H. Giles. 1981. Genetic regulation of the qa gene cluster of Neurospora crassa: induction of qa messenger ribonucleic acid and dependency on qa-1 function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1:829–835.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rigby, P. W. J., M. Diekman, C. Rhodes, and P. Berg. 1977. Labelling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J. Mol. Biol. 113:237–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463–5467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schechtman, M. G., and C. Yanofsky. 1983. Structure of the trifunctional trp-1 gene from Neurospora crassa and its aberrant expression in E. coli. J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 2:83–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schweizer, M., M. E. Case, C. C. Dykstra, N. H. Giles, and S. R. Kushner. 1981. Identification and characterization of recombinant plasmids carrying the complete qa gene cluster from Neurospora crassa including the qa-1+ regulatory gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:5086–5090.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheir-Neiss, G., M. Lai, and N. Morris. 1978. Identification of a gene for β-tubulin in Aspergillus nidulans. Cell 15:639–647.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Southern, E. M. 1975. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 98:503–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, J. H., N. Neff, and D. Botstein. 1985. Isolation and characterization of mutations in the β-tubulin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 112:715–734.
   Google Scholar
• Valenzuela, P., M. Quiroga, J. Zaldivar, W. J. Rutter, M. W. Kirschner, and D. W. Cleveland. 1981. Nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequences encoded by alpha and beta tubulin mRNAs. Nature (London) 289:650–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villa, V. D., and R. Storck. 1968. Nucleotide composition of nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid of fungi. J. Bacteriol. 96:184–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel, H. J. 1964. Distribution of lysine pathways among fungi: evolutionary implications. Am. Nat. 98:435–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl, G. M., M. Stern, and G. R. Stark. 1979. Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxy-methyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:3683–3687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherbee, J. A., and N. R. Morris. 1984. Aspergillus contains multiple tubulin genes. J. Biol. Chem. 259:15452–15459.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woudt, L. P., A. Pastink, A. E. Kempers-Veenstra, A. E. M. Jansen, W. A. Mager, and R. J. Planta. 1983. The genes coding for histone H3 and H4 in Neurospora crassa are unique and contain intervening sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:5347–5360.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Youngblom, J., J. A. Schloss, and C. D. Silflow. 1984. The two β-tubulin genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii code for identical proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2686–2696.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar