LITERATURE CITED
- Bakken, A., G. Morgan, B. Sollner-Webb, J. Roan, S. Busby, and R. H. Reeder. 1982. Mapping of transcription initiation and termination signals on Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:56–60.
- Bartsch, I., C. Schoneberg, and I. Grummt. 1988. Purification and characterization of TTF1, a factor that mediates termination of mouse ribosomal DNA transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3891–3897.
- Bateman, E., and M. R. Paule. 1989. Promoter occlusion during ribosomal RNA transcription. Cell 54:985–992.
- Berk, A. J., and P. A. Sharp. 1977. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids. Cell 12:721–732.
- De Winter, R. F. J., and T. Moss. 1986. The ribosomal spacer in Xenopus laevis is transcribed as part of the primary ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:6041–6051.
- De Winter, R. F. J., and T. Moss. 1987. A complex array of sequences enhances ribosomal transcription in Xenopus laevis. J. Mol. Biol. 196:813–827.
- Grummt, I., A. Kuhn, I. Bartsch, and H. Rosenbauer. 1986. A transcription terminator located upstream of the mouse rDNA initiation site affects rRNA synthesis. Cell 47:901–911.
- Henderson, S., and B. Sollner-Webb. 1986. A transcription terminator is a novel element of the promoter of the mouse ribosomal RNA gene. Cell 47:891–900.
- Henderson, S. L., K. Ryan, and B. Sollner-Webb. 1989. The promoter-proximal rDNA terminator augments initiation by preventing disruption of the stable transcription complex caused by polymerase read-in. Genes Dev. 3:212–223.
- Kuhn, A., A. Normann, I. Bartsch, and I. Grummt. 1988. The mouse ribosomal gene terminator consists of three functionally separable sequence elements. EMBO J. 7:1497–1502.
- Labhart, P., and R. H. Reeder. 1986. Ribosomal precursor 3′ end formation requires a conserved element upstream of the promoter. Cell 45:431–443.
- Labhart, P., and R. H. Reeder. 1987. A 12-base-pair sequence is an essential element of the ribosomal gene terminator in Xenopus laevis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1900–1905.
- McStay, B., and R. H. Reeder. 1986. A termination site for Xenopus RNA polymerase I also acts as an element of an adjacent promoter. Cell 47:913–920.
- Mitchelson, K., and T. Moss. 1987. The enhancement of ribosomal transcription by the recycling of RNA polymerase I. Nucleic Acids Res. 15:9577–9596.
- Moss, T.. 1982. Transcription of cloned Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA microinjected into Xenopus oocytes and the identification of an RNA polymerase I promoter. Cell 30:835–842.
- Moss, T.. 1983. A transcriptional function for the repetitive ribosomal spacer in Xenopus laevis. Nature (London) 302:223–230.
- Moss, T., K. Mitchelson, and R. F. J. De Winter. 1985. The promotion of ribosomal transcription in eukaryotes, p. 207–250. In N. Maclean (ed.), Oxford surveys on eukaryotic genes, vol. 2. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Shortle, D., and D. Nathans. 1978. Local mutagenesis: a method for generating viral mutants with base substitutions in preselected regions of the viral genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:2170–2174.
- Trendelenburg, M. F.. 1981. Initiations of transcription at ribosomal distinct promoter sites in spacer regions between pre-RNA genes in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, an electron microscopic analysis. Biol. Cell 42:1–12.