The Influence of Stratigraphy On Microwave Radiation From Natural Snow Cover

References

• Golubev , V. N. , Guseva , L. V. Ushakova , L. A. 1990 . “ Problems and prospects of investigation of physical processes in snow cover ” . In Data of Glaciological Studies Vol. 68 , 26 – 35 . in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Masahito , S. Tadashi , S. M. 1991 . “ Snow observations by MSR ” . In Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Meteorol. and Glaciol 132 – 136 . No. 4
   Google Scholar
• Mätzler , C. and Hüppi , R. 1989 . Review of signature studies for microwave remote sensing of snowpacks . Adv. Space Res. , 9 ( No. 1 ) : 253 – 265 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyarskii , D. A. , Dmitriev , V. V. Etkin , V. S. 1993 . Theoretical and experimental studies of snow covers microwave emissivity . J. of Electromagn. Waves and Appl. , 7 ( No. 7 ) : 959 – 970 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyarskii , D. A. 1997 . Passive microwave observations of snow and frozen soil at 3.95 GHz . Izv. Vazov (Radiophysics) , XL ( No. 8 ) : 1050 – 1059 . in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Ishimaru , A. 1991 . Wave propagation and scattering in random media and rough surfaces . Proc. IEEE , 79 ( No. 10 ) : 1359 – 1366 .
   Google Scholar
• Stogrin , A. A. 1986 . Study of the microwave brightness temperature of snow from the point of view of strong fluctuation theory . IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing , GE-24 ( No. 2 ) : 220 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsang , L. , Kong , J. A. , Shue , J. C. and Shing , R. 1979 . Theory and experiment for passive microwave remote sensing of snowpacks . J. Geophys. Res. , 84 ( No. B10 ) : 5669 – 5673 .
   Google Scholar
• Dmitriev , V. V. , Kleeorin , N. I. , Mirovskij , V. G. and Etkin , V. S. 1987 . The effect of ice grain size distribution on the thermal emission of snow cover . Sov. Phys., Doklady , 297 ( No. 6 ) : 1363 – 1366 .
   Google Scholar
• Tiuri , M. E. 1982 . Theoretical and experimental studies of microwave emission signatures of snow . IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing , 20 ( No. 1 ) : 51 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Tiuri , M. E. and Schultz , H. May 20–22 1980 . “ Theoretical and experimental studies of microwave radiation from a natural snow field ” . In NASA Workshop on the Microwave Remote Sens. of Snowpack Prop. Ft. Collins May 20–22 , 225 – 235 . Colorado
   Google Scholar
• Davis , R. E. , Dozier , J. and Chang , A. T. C. 1987 . Snow property measurement correlative to microwave emission at 35 GHz . IEEE Z'rans. Geosci. Remote Sensing , 25 ( No. 6 ) : 751 – 757 .
   Google Scholar
• West , R. D. , Winebrenner , D. P. and Tsang , L. 1994 . “ The influence of layering and grain size on microwave emission from polar firn ” . In Proc. Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Syrrap. (IGARSS'94) Vol. III , 1297 – 1299 . Pasadena, California , , USA
   Google Scholar
• Dmitriev , V. V. , Kleeorin , N. I. , Mirovskij , V. G. and Etkin , V. S. 1990 . Calculation of microwave emissivity of multilayer snowpack by the quasi-static method and by the method radiation transfer equation . Izv. Vuzov (Radiophysics) , 33 ( No. 9 ) : 1020 – 1026 . in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Colbeck , S. C. 1991 . The layered character of snow covers . Rev. Geophys. , 21 ( No. 1 ) : 81 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Hallikainen , M. T. 1985 . “ Measurement of the microwave scattering loss of dry snow ” . In Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing Symp. (IGA- RSS'85) Vol. 2 , 848 – 850 . N. Y
   Google Scholar
• Ulaby , F. T. , Moore , R. K. and Fung , A. K. 1985 . Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive , Vol. s. 1 and 3 , Dedham , MA : Artech House .
   Google Scholar
• Ishimaru , A. 1978 . Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media , Vol. 1 , 2 New York : Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Colbeck , S. C. 1987 . “ Snow metamorphism and classification ” . In Seasonal Snowcovers: Physics, Chemistry, Hydrology, NATO ASI Series 1 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyarskii , D. A. , Tikhonov , V. V. , Kleeorin , N. I. and Mirovskii , V. G. 1994 . Inclusion of scattering losses in the model of the effective permittivity of dielectric mixtures and applications to wet snow . J. of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications , 8 ( No. 11 ) : 1395 – 1410 .
   Google Scholar
• Boyarskii , D. A. , Mirovskii , V. G. and Tikhonov , V. V. 1994 . Frequency dependent model of the wet snow effective permittivity . J. of Communications Technology and Electronics , 39 ( No. 14 ) : 53 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Bohren , C. F. and Huffman , D. R. 1983 . Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , New York : A WileyInterscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Tseitlin , N. M. 1966 . Antenna's Technics and Radioastronomy , Moscow Sov. Radio . in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Gray , D. M. and Male , D. H. 1981 . Handbook of Snow , Canada : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar