A Content Analysis of Brief Alcohol Screening Inventories

References

• Adams, W. L., Barry, K. L., Fleming, M. F. (1996). Screening for problem drinking in older primary care patients. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276, 1964–1967. doi:10.1001/jama.276.24.1964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, J. P., Litten, R. Z., Fertig, J. B., Babor, T. (1997). A review of research on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 21, 613–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR (4th, text rev. ed.).: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Babor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. (2000). Alcohol screening and brief intervention: Dissemination strategies for medical practice andPUBLIC health. Addiction, 95, 677–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babor, T. F., Higgins-Biddle, J. C., Saunders, J. B., Monteiro, M. G. (2001). AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, guidelines for use in primary care (2nd ed.).: Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Babor, T., McRee, B., Kassebaum, P., Grimaldi, P., Ahmed, K., Bray, J. (2007). Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). Substance Abuse, 28, 7–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ballesteros, J., Duffy, J. C., Querejeta, I., Ariño, J., González-Pinto, A. (2004). Efficacy of brief interventions for hazardous drinkers in primary care: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28, 608–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastiaens, L., Francis, G., Lewis, K. (2000). The RAFFT as a screening tool for adolescent substance use disorders. American Journal on Addictions, 9, 10–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastiaens, L., Riccardi, K., Sakhrani, D. (2002). The RAFFT as a screening tool for adult substance use disorders. American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 28, 681–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beresford, T. P., Blow, F. C. (1990). Comparison of CAGE questionnaire and computer-assisted laboratory profiles in screening for covert. Lancet, 336, 482–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, B. L. (1998). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (3rd ed.).: Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Bernadt, W., Mumford, J., Taylor, C., Smith, B., Murray, R. M. (1982). Comparison of questionnaire and laboratory tests in the detection of excessive drinking and alcoholism. Lancet, i, 325–328.
   Google Scholar
• Bertholet, N., Daeppen, J., Wietlisbach, V., Fleming, M., Burnand, B. (2005). Reduction of alcohol consumption by brief alcohol intervention in primary care: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165, 986–995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, K. A., Bush, K. R., Epler, A. J., Dobie, D. J., Davis, T. M., Sporleder, J. L., … Kivlahan, D. R. (2003). Two brief alcohol-screening tests from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): Validation in a female veterans affairs patient population. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 821–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, K. A., Bush, K. R., McDonell, M. B., Malone, T., Fihn, S. D., for the Ambulatory Care Quality, Improvement Project, Bradley, K. A.(1998). Screening for problem drinking: Comparison of CAGE and AUDIT. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 13, 379–389. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00118.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, K. A., DeBenedetti, A. F., Volk, R. J., Williams, E. C., Frank, D., Kivlahan, D. R. (2007). AUDIT-C as a brief screen for alcohol misuse in primary care. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 1208–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, K. A., Kivlahan, D. R., Williams, E. C. (2009). Brief approaches to alcohol screening: Practical alternatives for primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24, 881–883. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1014-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, B., Shaw, S., Cleary, P., Delbanco, T. L., Aronson, M. D. (1987). Screening for alcohol abuse using the CAGE questionnaire. American Journal of Medicine, 82, 231–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, K., Kivlahan, D. R., McDonell, M. B., Fihn, S. D., Bradley, K. A. (1998). The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): An effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory care quality improvement project (ACQUIP) alcohol use disorders identification test. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 1789–1795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, K. R., Kivlahan, D. R., Davis, T. M., Dobie, D. J., Sporleder, J. L., Epler, A. J., Bradley, K. A. (2003). The TWEAK is weak for alcohol screening among female veterans affairs outpatients. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, 1971–1978.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan, A. W. K., Pristach, E. A., Welte, J. W. (1994). Detection of alcoholism in three populations by the Brief-MAST. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 695–701. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00933.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, A. W. K., Pristach, E. A., Welte, J. W., Russell, M. (1993). Use of the TWEAK test in screening for alcoholism/heavy drinking in three populations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 1188–1192. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05226.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J. (1995). Screening for alcohol problems in the emergency room: A rapid alcohol problems screen. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 40, 133–137. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01199-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J. (1997a). Alcohol and injuries resulting from violence: A comparison of emergency room samples from two regions of the U.S. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 16, 25–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J. (1997b). Brief screening instruments for alcoholism. Alcohol Health & Research World, 21, 348–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J. (2000). A brief screening instrument for problem drinking in the emergency room: The RAPS4. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 447–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J. (2002). Screening for alcohol problems in the U.S. general population: Comparison of the CAGE, RAPS4, and RAPS4-QF by gender, ethnicity, and service utilization. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26, 1686–1691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J. (2007). Alcohol and injuries: A review of international emergency room studies since 1995. Drug and Alcohol Review, 26, 201–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J., Giesbrecht, N., MacDonald, S. (1999). Alcohol and injury: A comparison of emergency room populations in two Canadian provinces. American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 25, 743–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J., Ye, Y., Moskalewicz, J., Swiatkiewicz, G. (2005). Screening for alcohol problems in two emergency service samples in Poland: Comparison of the RAPS4, CAGE and AUDIT. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 80, 201–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, T., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Rohsenow, A. J., Spirito, A., Monti, P. M. (2000). Screening adolescents for problem drinking: Performance of brief screens against DSM-IV alcohol. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 579–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley, T. B., O’Hare, T. (2006). Factorial validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Drunk drivers versus college students. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 6, 25–36.
   Google Scholar
• Connor, J., Grier, M., Feeney, G., Young, R. (2007). The validity of the Brief Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (bMAST) as a problem drinking severity measure. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68, 771–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, D. A., Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Zhou, Y. (2005). Effectiveness of the derived Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) in screening for alcohol use disorders and risk drinking in the U.S. general population. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 844–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devos-Comby, L., Lange, J. E. (2008). Standardized measures of alcohol-related problems: A review of their use among college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 349–361. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.22.3.349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, S. R., Donovan, D. M., Kivlahan, D. R. (2007). The factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs, 68, 474–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy, J. D. (1995). The neurology of alcoholic denial: Implications for assessment and treatment. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 40, 257–263.
   Google Scholar
• Ewing, J. A. (1984). Detecting alcoholism: The CAGE questionnaire. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 252, 1905–1907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezzati, M., Lopez, A. D., Rodgers, A., Vander Hoorn, S., Murray, C. J. L. (2002). Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet, 360, 1347–1360. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11403-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, M. F., Barry, K. L. (1989). A study examining the psychometric properties of the SMAST-13. Journal of Substance Abuse, 1, 173–182. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(88)80020-8.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, H., Chermack, S. (2008). Prenatal alcohol use: The role of lifetime problems with alcohol, drugs, depression, and violence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69, 500–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, D., DeBenedetti, A., Volk, R. (2008). Effectiveness of the AUDIT-C as a screening test for alcohol misuse in three race/ethnic groups. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23, 781–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon, A. J., Maisto, S. A., McNeil, M., Kraemer, K. L., Conigliaro, R. L., Kelley, M. E., Conigliaro, J. (2001). Three questions can detect hazardous drinkers. Journal of Family Practice, 50, 313–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays, D. G., Emelianchik, K. (2009). A content analysis of intimate partner violence assessments. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 42, 139–153. doi:10.1177/0748175609344090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heather, N. (1995). Interpreting the evidence on brief interventions for excessive drinkers: The need for caution. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 30, 287–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heck, E. J., Williams, M. D. (1995). Using the CAGE to screen for drinking-related problems in college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 56, 282–286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodgson, R., Alwyn, T., John, B., Thom, B., Smith, A. (2002). The FAST alcohol screening test. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 37, 61–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horgan, C., Skwara, K. C., Strickler, G. (2001). Substance abuse: The nation’s number one health problem, 2001. Substance Abuse: The Nation’s Number One Health Problem, 2001. Prepared by the Schneider Institute for, Health Policy, Brandeis University for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. (1990). Broadening the base of treatment for alcohol problems.: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Karno, M., Granholm, E. (2000). Factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a mental health. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 751–758.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katon, W., Richardson, L., Russo, J., McCarty, C. A., Rockhill, C., McCauley, E., Richards, J., Grossman, D. C. (2010). Depressive symptoms in adolescence: The association with multiple health risk behaviors. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32, 233–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, T. M., Donovan, J. E. (2001). Confirmatory factor analyses of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) among adolescents treated in emergency departments. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62, 838–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, T. M., Donovan, J. E., Chung, T., Bukstein, O. G., Cornelius, J. R. (2009). Brief screens for detecting alcohol use disorder among 18-20 year old young adults in emergency departments: Comparing AUDIT-C, CRAFFT, RAPS4-QF, FAST, RUFT-cut, and DSM-IV 2-item scale. Addictive Behaviors, 34, 668–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, T. M., Donovan, J. E., Chung, T., Cook, R. L., Delbridge, T. R. (2004). Alcohol use disorders among emergency department-treated older adolescents: A new brief screen (RUFT-cut) using the AUDIT, CAGE, CRAFFT, and RAPS-QF. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28, 746–753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, T. M., Donovan, J. E., Kinnane, J. M., Taylor, D. M. C. D. (2002). A comparison of alcohol screening instruments among under-aged drinkers treated in emergency departments. Alcohol and Alcoholism: International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism, 37, 444–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klatsky, A. L. (2010). Alcohol and cardiovascular health. Physiology & Behavior, 100, 76–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, J. R., Shrier, L. A., Bravender, T. D., Farrell, M., Vander Bilt, J., Shaffer, H. J. (1999). A new brief screen for adolescent substance abuse. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 153, 591–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. A., Rees, M., Logan, D. E., Kaysen, D. L., Kilmer, J. R. (2010). Use of drinking protective behavioral strategies in association to sex-related alcohol negative consequences: The mediating role of alcohol consumption. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 229–238. doi:10.1037/a0018361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maisto, S. A., Conigliaro, J., McNeil, M., Kraemer, K., Kelley, M. E. (2000). An empirical investigation of the factor structure of the AUDIT. Psychological Assessment, 12, 346–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, R., Zalcman, R., Asbridge, M., Suurvali, H., Giesbrecht, N. (2006). Drinking-driving fatalities and consumption of beer, wine and spirits. Drug & Alcohol Review, 25, 321–325. doi:10.1080/09595230600741099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokdad, A. H., Marks, J. S., Stroup, D. F., Gerberding, J. L. (2004). Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291, 1238–1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraes, C. L., Viellas, E. F., Reichenheim, M. E. (2005). Assessing alcohol misuse during pregnancy: Evaluating psychometric properties of the CAGE, T-ACE and TWEAK in a brazilian setting. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66, 165–173.
   Google Scholar
• Morse, R. M., Swenson, W. M. (1975). Spouse response to a self-administered alcoholism screening test. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 400–405.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moyer, A., Finney, J. W., Swearingen, C. E., Vergun, P. (2002). Brief interventions for alcohol problems: A meta-analytic review of controlled investigations in treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking populations. Addiction, 97, 279–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundt, M. P., Zakletskaia, L. I., Fleming, M. F. (2009). Extreme college drinking and alcohol-related injury risk. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 33, 1532–1538. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00981.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2005). Helping patients who drink too much: A clinician’s guide. (NIH Pub No. 05–3769 ed.).: The Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Nordqvist, C., Johansson, K., Bendtsen, P. (2004). Routine screening for risky alcohol consumption at an emergency department using the AUDIT-C questionnaire. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 74, 71–75.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, D. C., Burbules, N. C. (2000). Postpositivism and educational research.: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Philpot, M., Pearson, N., Petratou, V., Dayanandan, R., Silverman, M., Marshall, J. (2003). Screening for problem drinking in older people referred to a mental health service: A comparison of CAGE and AUDIT. Aging and Mental Health, 7, 171–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piccinelli, M., Tessari, E., Bortolomasi, M., Piasere, O., Semenzin, M., Garzotto, N., Tansella, M. (1997). Efficacy of the alcohol use disorders identification test as a screening tool for hazardous alcohol intake and related disorders in primary care: A validity study. British Medical Journal, 314, 420–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poikolainen, K., Paljärvi, T., #x00026; Mäkelä, P (2007). Alcohol and the preventive paradox: Serious harms and drinking patterns. Addiction, 102, 571–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pokorny, A. D., Miller, B. A., Kaplan, H. B. (1972). The brief MAST: A shortened version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 342–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajpathak, S., Freiberg, M., Wang, C., Wylie-Rosett, J., Wildman, R., Rohan, T., … Wassertheil-Smoller, S. (2010). Alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women with diabetes: Women’s health initiative observational study. European Journal of Nutrition, 49, 211–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reid, M. C., Fiellin, D. A., O’Connor, P. G. (1999). Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in primary care. Archives of Internal Medicine, 159, 1681–1689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, L. (2005). Handling qualitative data: A practical guide.: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Rist, F., Glöckner-Rist, A., Demmel, R. (2009). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test revisited: Establishing its structure using nonlinear factor analysis and identifying subgroups of respondents using latent class factor analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 100, 71–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinsky, A. D., Kivlahan, D. R., Volk, R. J., Maynard, C., Bradley, K. A. (2010). Estimating risk of alcohol dependence using alcohol screening scores. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 108, 29–36. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, M., Martier, S. S., Sokol, R. J., Mudar, P. (1994). Screening for pregnancy risk-drinking. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 1156–1161. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00097.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitz, R. (2005). Unhealthy alcohol use. The New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 596–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitz, R. (2007). Screening and brief intervention enter their 5th decade. Substance Abuse, 28, 3–6. doi:10.1300/J465v28n03_02.
   Google Scholar
• Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption--II. Addiction, 88, 791–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selin, K. H. (2006). Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT): What does it screen? Performance of the AUDIT against four different criteria in a Swedish population sample. Substance Use & Misuse, 41, 1881–1899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selzer, M. (1971). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The quest for a new diagnostic instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 1653–1658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selzer, M., Vinokur, A., Van Rooijen, L. (1975). A self-administered short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST). Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 117–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seppä, K, Lepistö, J, Sillanaukee, P. (1998). Five-Shot questionnaire on heavy drinking. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22, 1788–1791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shevlin, M., Smith, G. W. (2007). The factor structure and concurrent validity of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test based on a nationally representative UK sample. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 42, 582–587. doi:10.1093/alcalc/agm045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields, A. L., Guttmannova, K., Caruso, J. C. (2004). An examination of the factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in two high-risk samples. Substance Use & Misuse, 39, 1161–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields, A. L., Howell, R. T., Potter, J. S., Weiss, R. D. (2007). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and its shortened form: A meta-analytic inquiry into score reliability. Substance Use & Misuse, 42, 1783–1800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skipsey, K., Burleson, J. A., Kranzler, H. R. (1997). Utility of the AUDIT for identification of hazardous or harmful drinking in drug-dependent patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 45, 157–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, P. C., Schmidt, S. M., Allensworth-Davies, D., Saitz, R. (2009). Primary care validation of a single-question alcohol screening test. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24, 783–788. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0928-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokol, R. G., Ager, J. W., Martier, S. S. (1992). Methodological issues in obtaining and managing substance abuse information from prenatal patients. In M. M., M. M., K., Asghar(Eds.), Methodological issues in epidemiological, prevention, and treatment research on drug-exposed women and their children: Research monograph, 117 (pp. 80–97): National Institute on Drug Abuse.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, L. A. R., Lebeau, R., Clair, M., Rossi, J. S., Martin, R. M., Golembeske, C. (2010). Validation of a measure to assess alcohol and marijuana related risks and consequences among incarcerated adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 109, 104–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration. (2010). SBIRT: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment. Retrieved from http://sbirt.samhsa.gov/about.htm
   Google Scholar
• Swahn, M. H., Bossarte, R. M., Ashby, J. S., Meyers, J. (2010). Pre-teen alcohol use initiation and suicide attempts among middle and high school students: Findings from the 2006 Georgia student health survey. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 452–458. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taj, N., Devera-Sales, A., Vinson, D. C. (1998). Screening for problem drinking: Does a single question work? Journal of Family Practice, 46, 328–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Preventive Services. (2004). Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/alcohol/alcomisrs.htm
   Google Scholar
• Vinson, D. C., Kruse, R. L., Seale, J. P. (2007). Simplifying alcohol assessment: Two questions to identify alcohol use disorders. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 1392–1398.
   Google Scholar
• Volk, R., Cantor, S., Steinbauer, J., Cass, A. (1997). Item bias in the CAGE screening test for alcohol use disorders. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 12, 763–769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Der Pahlen, B., Pekka, S., Witting, K., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Johansson, A., Sandnabba, N. K. (2008). Factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for men and women in different age groups. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69, 616–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt, K., Purdie, D. M., Roche, A. M., McClure, R. (2006). Acute alcohol consumption and mechanism of injury. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67, 14–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitlock, E. P., Polen, M. R., Green, C. A., Orleans, T., Klein, J. (2004). Behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce risky/harmful alcohol use by adults: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140, 557–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, E. C., Horton, N. J., Samet, J. H., Saitz, R. (2007). Do brief measures of readiness to change predict alcohol consumption and consequences in primary care patients with unhealthy alcohol use? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 428–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, R., Vinson, D. C. (2001). Validation of a single screening question for problem drinking. The Journal of Family Practice, 50, 307–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeomans, M. R. (2010). Alcohol, appetite and energy balance: Is alcohol intake a risk factor for obesity? Physiology & Behavior, 100, 82–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar