11
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in Nigerian children: peripheral immature gametocytaemia as an indicator of a poor response to chloroquine treatment, and its relationship to molecular determinants of chloroquine resistance

, , , &
Pages 453-468 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

References

  • Aikawa, M. & Ward, R. A. (1974). Intraspecific variation in Plasmodium falciparum. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 23, 570–573.
  • Anon. (1994). Epi Info Version 6. A Word Processing Data Base and Statistics Program for Public Health on IBM-compatible Microcomputers. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Djimdé, A., Doumbo, O. K., Cortese, J. F., Kayentao, K., Doumbo, S., Diourte, Y., Dicko, A., Su, X.-Z., Nomura, T., Fidock, D. A., Wellems, T. E. & Plowe, C. V. (2001). A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. New England Journal of Medicine, 344, 257–263.
  • Ekanem, O. J., Weisfeld, J. S., Salako, L. A., Nahlen, B. L., Ezedinachi, E. N. U., Walker, O., Breman, J. G., Laoye, O. J. & Hedberg, K. (1990). Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and sulphadoxine—pyrimethamine in Nigerian children. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 68, 45–52.
  • Fidock, D. A., Nomura, T., Talley, A. K., Cooper, R. A., Dzekunov, S. M., Ferdig, M. T., Ursos, L. N., Sidhu, A. B., Naude, B., Deitsch, K. W., Su, X.-Z., Wootton, J. C., Roepe, P. D. & Wellems, T. E. (2000). Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein PfCRT and evidence for their role in chloro-quine resistance. Molecular Cell, 6, 861–871.
  • Foote, S. J., Kyle, D. E., Martin, R. K., Oduola, A. M. J., Forsyth, K., Kemp, D. J. & Cowman, A. F. (1990). Several alleles of the multi-drug-resistance gene are closely linked to chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature, 345, 255–258.
  • Ogunbona, F. A., Onyeji, C. O., Lawal, A. A., Chukwuani, C. M. & Bolaji, O. O. (1986). Liquid chromatographic analysis of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in human plasma, saliva and urine. Journal of chromatography, 380, 425–430.
  • Plowe, C. V., Djimdé, A., Bouare, M., Doumbo, O. & Wellems, T. E. (1995). Pyrimethamine and pro-guanil resistance conferring mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate-reductase: polymerase chain reaction methods for surveillance in Africa. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52, 565–568.
  • Salako, L. A., Ajayi, F. O., Sowunmi, A. & Walker, O. (1990). Malaria in Nigeria: a revisit. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 84, 435–445.
  • Sinden, R. E. (1982). Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: ultrastructural observations on the lethal action of chloroquine. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 76,15–23.
  • Sinden, R. E. (1983). Sexual development of malaria parasites. Advances in Parasitology, 22,153–216.
  • Sinden, R. E. (1998). Gametocytes and sexual develop-ment. In Malaria: Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis and Protection, ed. Sherman, I. pp. 25-48. Washington, DC: American Society of Microbiology.
  • Smalley, M. E. & Sinden, R. E. (1977). Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: their longevity and infectivity. Parasitology, 74,1–8.
  • Snounou, G. & Beck, H. P. (1999). The use of PCR genotyping in the assessment of recrudescence or re-infection after antimalarial drug treatment. Parasitology Today, 14, 462–467.
  • Sowunmi, A. (1996). Hepatomegaly in acute falciparum malaria in children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 90, 540-542. Sowunmi, A. & Salako, L. A. (1992). Evaluation of the relative efficacy of various antimalarial drugs in Nigerian children under five years of age suffering from acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 86,1–8.
  • Sowunmi, A., Adedeji, A. A., Sowunmi, C. O., Falade, C. O., Falade, A. G., Ohaeri, B., Happi, T. C. & Oduola, A. M. J. (2001). Clinical characteristics and disposition kinetics of the hepatomegaly associated with acute, uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 95, 7–18.
  • Su, X.-Z., Kirkman, L. A., Hisashi, F., & Wellems, T. E. (1997). Complex polymorphisms in a 330 kDa pro-tein are linked to chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa. Cell, 91, 593–603.
  • Sutherland, C. J., Alloueche, A., Curtis, J., Drakeley, C. J., Ord, R., Duraisingh, M., Greenwood, B. M., Pinder, M., Warhurst, D. & Targett, G. A. T. (2002). Gambian children successfully treated with chloro-quine can harbor and transmit Plasmodium falciparum carrying resistance genes. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67,578–585.
  • Walker, O., Dawodu, A. H., Adeyokunnu, A. A., Salako, L. A. & Alvan G. (1983). Plasma chloroquine and desethylchloroquine concentrations in children during and after chloroquine treatment for malaria. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 16, 701–705.
  • Warrell, D. A., Molyneux, M. E. & Beales, P. F. (1990). Severe and complicated malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84 (Suppl. 2), 1–65.
  • World Health Organization (1973). Chemotherapy of Malaria and Resistance to Antimalarials. Technical Report Series No. 529. Geneva: WHO.
  • World Health Organization (2000). Severe falciparum malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94 (Suppl. 1), 1–90.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.