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Yorkshire Archaeological Journal
A Review of History and Archaeology in the County
Volume 84, 2012 - Issue 1
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Original Article

Politics and Patrimony During the Wars of the Roses: The Probable Sheriff’s Seal of Sir John Neville of Liversedge

David MarcombeUniversity of NottinghamView further author information
Pages 120-139 | Published online: 12 Nov 2013

  • For castles, see P.A. Haigh, The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses (Stroud, 1995), p. 137; C. Platt, The English Medieval Town (London, 1976), p. 41; Fifteenth-Century Attitudes. Perceptions of Society in Late Medieval England, ed. R. Horrox (Cambridge, 1996), p. 141; P.W. Hammond, The Battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury (Gloucester, 1990), pp. 96, 100, 109; England in the Fifteenth Century. Proceedings of the 1992 Harlaxton Symposium, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, 4, ed. N. Rogers (Stamford, 1994), Pl. 19. In particular, the Ghent Manuscript of the Arrival (the account of Edward IV’s return to England in 1471) has many towns/ castles of this style.
  • Acheson E., A Gentry Community: Leicestershire in the Fifteenth Century, c. 1422–c. 1485 (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 77, 107–12, 117–27. For other county studies, see The Derbyshire Gentry in the Fifteenth Century, ed. S.M. Wright, Derbyshire Record Society, 8 (1983), pp. 4, 5, 97, 110–12, 120–1, 254–7; J.T. Cliffe, The Yorkshire Gentry from Reformation to Civil War (London, 1969), pp. 146–7, 213, 216, 218–19, 232, 234–6, 244, 286–7, 315, 324, 350.
  • Arnold C., ‘The Commission of the Peace for the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1437–1509’, in Property and Politics: Essays in Later Medieval History, ed. A.J. Pollard (Gloucester, 1984), p. 132.
  • Ellis R.H., Catalogue of Seals in the Public Record Office. Personal Seals, 2 (London, 1981), pp. 7, 8, 27, 32, 35, 46, 59, 68, 81, 94, 95–6, 102.
  • Ellis, Catalogue of Seals, 2, pp. 16, 44, 56, 79, 90, 98–9; Catalogue of Seals in the Public Record Office. Personal Seals, 1 (London, 1978), pp. 10, 65.
  • Author’s collection.
  • Ellis, Catalogue of Seals, 2, pp. 98–9.
  • Foster J., Some Feudal Coats of Arms from Heraldic Rolls, 1298–1418 (1901, reprinted Bristol, 1984), p. 181.
  • Lists of Sheriffs for England and Wales, PRO Lists and Indexes, 9 (1898, reprinted New York, 1963), pp. 79, 98, 162.
  • Lincolnshire Pedigrees, 2, ed. A.R. Maddison (London, 1903), pp. 708–9.
  • Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 1894), 40, pp. 508–10.
  • Burke B., General Armory of England, Scotland and Ireland (London, 1884), p. 727; The Complete Peerage, 9, ed. H.A. Doubleday and H. de Walden (London, 1936), p. 90.
  • Univ. of Nottingham, Hallward Library, MS pedigree of Neville of Liversedge and Chevet (1172), inserted in Familiae Minorum Gentium, 3, ed. J.W. Clay, Harleian Society, 39 (London, 1895); The Visitation of Yorkshire in the years 1563 and 1564, ed. C.B. Norcliffe (London, 1881), pp. 228–30.
  • Foster, Feudal Coats of Arms, p. 181.
  • Yorkshire Church Notes, 1619–1631, by Roger Dodsworth, ed. J.W. Clay, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 34 (1904), records argent a saltire gules, pp. 51, 55, 57, 83, 139; and argent a saltire gules with a label vert, pp. 52, 56, 60, 93, 118, 146.
  • Visitation of Yorkshire, ed. Norcliffe, p. 228.
  • Yorkshire Church Notes, ed. Clay, pp. 98, 226; Foster, Feudal Coats of Arms, between pp. 184 and 185; Burke, General Armory, p. 727.
  • Ms pedigree in Familiae Minorum Gentium; Norcliffe, Visitation of Yorkshire, p. 228.
  • Testamenta Eboracensia, 3, ed. J. Raine, Surtees Society, 45 (1864), pp. 244–5.
  • For Richard III, see C. Ross, Richard III (Yale, 1999); R.E. Horrox, Richard III, A Study in Service (Cambridge, 1989); P.W. Hammond and A.F. Sutton, Richard III: the Road to Bosworth Field (London, 1985); M. Hicks, Richard III (Stroud, 2001); A.J. Pollard, The Worlds of Richard III (Stroud, 2001); J. Gillingham (ed.), Richard III: A Medieval Kingship (London, 1993). For particular reference to the north of England, see A.J. Pollard, North-Eastern England during the Wars of the Roses. Lay Society, War and Politics, 1450–1500 (Oxford, 1990); R. Horrox (ed.), Richard III and the North (Hull, 1986).
  • Somerville R., History of the Duchy of Lancaster (London, 1953), p. 515.
  • Kendall P.M., Richard the Third (London, 1961), p. 128.
  • Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1467–77, p. 172; 1476–85, p. 214.
  • Kendall, Richard III, pp. 138–9; W.E. Hampton, Memorials of the Wars of the Roses. A Biographical Guide (Upminster, 1979), p. 251.
  • Arnold, ‘Commission of the Peace’, p.126. The four were Sir John Neville, constable of Pontefract; Sir Robert Ryther, constable of York; Thomas Fitzwilliam, constable of Conisborough and Tickhill; Sir William Gascoigne, earl of Northumberland’s deputy at Knaresborough.
  • For Edward V, see M. Hicks, Edward V: The Prince in the Tower (Stroud, 2003).
  • British Library Harleian Manuscript 433, 1, ed. R. Horrox and P.W. Hammond (Trowbridge and Esher, 1979), pp. 171–2.
  • British Library Harleian Manuscript 433, 3, ed. R. Horrox and P.W. Hammond (Trowbridge, 1982), p. 5.
  • Kendall, Richard III, p. 213.
  • CPR, 1476–85, p. 580.
  • Kendall, Richard III, pp. 256–7. For a discussion of Richard III’s northern following, see K. Dockray, ‘Richard III and the Yorkshire Gentry, c. 1471–1485’, in Richard III: Loyalty, Lordship and Law, ed. P.W. Hammond (London, 2000). Neville’s career fits the pattern described by Dockray, though he is not mentioned by name.
  • Gill L., Richard III and Buckingham’s Rebellion (Stroud, 1999), pp. 70–4. For the ‘plantation’ of the south, see also Horrox, Richard III, pp. 178–205.
  • Horrox and Hammond, Harl MS 433, 2. Second Register of Richard III (Trowbridge and Esher, 1982), pp. 83, 121; 3. Second Register of Edward V and Miscellaneous Materials (Trowbridge and Esher, 1983), p. 154; Nicholas Gaynesford was a lawyer and squire of the body to Edward IV. He had a number of offices prior to 1483, including that of king’s servitor, usher of the chamber and receiver of the queen’s duchy lands in the south. Gill, Buckingham’s Rebellion, pp. 29, 31–4, 47, 60, 62, 87, 91, 108, 135.
  • The Crowland Chronicle Continuations: 1459–1486, ed. N. Pronay and J. Cox (Richard III and Yorkist History Trust, 1986), p. 171.
  • Gill, Buckingham Rebellion, pp. 86, 107.
  • Gill, Buckingham Rebellion, p. 89.
  • Gill, Buckingham Rebellion, p. 107.
  • CPR, 1476–85, pp. 399, 492.
  • Bennett M., The Battle of Bosworth (Gloucester, 1985), p. 114. Neville is also mentioned in the Ballad of Bosworth Field as one of those supporting Richard III: p. 171.
  • For an alternative view, see M.K. Jones, Bosworth, 1485. Psychology of a Battle (Stroud, 2002), pp. 164–5.
  • Dockray, ‘Yorkshire Gentry’, pp. 67–8.
  • Somerville, Duchy of Lancaster, pp. 515–6. George Stanley, Lord Strange, was appointed to the office on 21 September but replaced the very next day, 22 September, by Sir John Everingham. For Everingham, see Hampton, Memorials, pp. 250–1.
  • Dockray K., ‘The Political Legacy of Richard III in Northern England’, in Kings and Nobles in the Later Middle Ages. A Tribute to Charles Ross, ed. R.A. Griffiths and J. Sherborne (Gloucester and New York, 1986), p. 211.
  • Dockray, ‘Political Legacy of Richard III’, p. 518.
  • Harl. MS 433, 3, p. 200.
  • CPR, 1485–94, p. 73.
  • Cavell E., ‘Henry VII, the North of England, and the First Provincial Progress of 1486’, Northern History, 39/2 (2002), 187–207.
  • The Heralds’ Memoir, 1486–1590. Court Ceremony, Royal Progress and Rebellion, ed. E. Cavell (Richard III and Yorkist History Trust, 2009), pp. 26–7, 72–3.
  • York Civic Records, 2, ed. A. Raine, YASRS, 103 (1940), p. 12.
  • Bennett M., Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke (Gloucester, 1987), p. 78.
  • Bennett, Lambert Simnel, p. 79.
  • Polydore Vergil noted a John Neville of Thornbridge as being amongst the king’s army at Nottingham prior to the battle, but this is a different person. Bennett, Lambert Simnel, p. 136.
  • Lists of Sheriffs, p. 162.
  • Arnold, ‘Commission of the Peace’, p. 127.
  • Acheson, Gentry Community, p.120.
  • CCR, 1485–1500, pp. 61–2.
  • CPR, 1485–94, p. 181.
  • Cavell, The Heralds’ Memoir, p. 149.
  • Dockray, ‘Political Legacy of Richard III’, p. 208.
  • Dockray, ‘Political Legacy of Richard III’, p. 209.
  • Dockray, ‘Political Legacy of Richard III’.
  • Dockray, ‘Political Legacy of Richard III’, pp. 222–3.
  • Cavell, The Heralds’ Memoir, p. 171; M.J. Bennett, ‘Henry VII and the Northern Rising of 1489’, English Historical Review, 105 (1990), pp. 34–59.
  • Commission to investigate complaints of tenants of Sir John Saville, 1490. CPR, 1485–94, pp. 325–6. Commission to investigate the lands Margaret Clifford held at the time of her death, 1493. CPR, 1485–94, p. 437.
  • The Register of the Guild of Corpus Christi in the City of York, ed. R.H. Skaife, Surtees Society, 57 (1871), p. 121.
  • CPR, 1485–94, p. 508; Lists of Sheriffs, p. 162.
  • The Parliamentary Representation of the County of York, 1258–1832, 1, ed. A. Gooder, YASRS, 91 (1935), p. 231.
  • CPR, 1494–1509, p. 43.
  • CCR, 1485–1500, p. 270. For bonds and recognisances, and their use to bind officers such as sheriffs to loyalty to the crown, see S. Cunningham, ‘Loyalty and the Usurper: Recognisances, the Council and Allegiance under Henry VII’, in ‘Who was Henry VII? The 500th anniversary of the death of the first Tudor King (1509–2009)’, ed. H.R. Horowitz, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 82 (2009). See also S. Cunningham, Henry VII (London, 2007); S. Cunningham, ‘Henry VII and the Rebellion in North-Eastern England, 1485–1492’, Northern History, 32 (1996).
  • CPR, 1494–1509, p. 43.
  • CPR, 1494–1509, p. 237.
  • CPR, 1494–1509, p. 277.
  • Arnold, ‘Commission of the Peace’, p. 131.
  • CPR, 1494–1509, p. 669.
  • For Henry VII, see S.B. Chrimes, Henry VII (Yale, 1991); Cunningham, Henry VII. For the north of England, see Cunningham, ‘Henry VII and North-Eastern England’.
  • Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Henry VII, 2, pp. 424–5; Testamenta Eboracensia, 4, ed. J. Raine, Surtees Society, 53 (1869), pp. 198–9.
  • Cal. Inq., p. 425.
  • Testamenta, 4, p. 199.
  • Testamenta, 3, p. 244.
  • Testamenta, 4, pp. 198–9.
  • Testamenta, 3, p. 244; Cal. Inq., p. 424.
  • Testamenta, 3, p. 244; Testamenta, 4, p. 198.
  • The Fountains Abbey Lease Book, ed. D.J.H. Michelmore, YASRS, 140 (1979 and 1980), pp. xlv, xlvi, 69, 83, 156, 286; Cal. Inq., p. 425. The bulk of Neville’s lands in Hunslet were held of the abbot and convent of Furness. Cal. Inq., p. 424.
  • Fountains Lease Book, pp. 77–8.
  • Cal. Inq., pp. 424–5.
  • Testamenta, 4, p. 199.
  • The York House Books, 1461–1490, 2, House Books Five-Six, ed. L.C. Attreed (Stroud, 1991), pp. 415–16, 419–20.
  • Gill, Buckingham Rebellion, pp. 141–2.
  • Testamenta, 3, pp. 217–18. Matilda was the daughter of Sir William Ryther’s first wife, Isabella, daughter of Sir William Gascoigne. Visitation of Yorkshire, p. 228.
  • P. Routh and R. Knowles, A Ryther Legacy: the Monuments Assessed (Wakefield, 1981), pp. 11–16. Sir William Ryther’s monument is outstanding and ‘arguably the county’s finest’.
  • Visitation of Yorkshire, p. 229; Ms pedigree in Familiae Minorum Gentium; Cal. Inq., p. 424; Yorkshire Church Notes, p. 57.
  • Testamenta, 4, pp. 198–9. His executors were Thomas Stapilton, Robert, John and George Neville (his sons), Thomas Fairfax, Esq., and William Sheffield, clerk.
  • Cal. Inq., p. 424.
  • Cal. Inq., pp. 424–5.
  • Testamenta, 4, p. 198.
  • Testamenta, 4, pp. 241–2
  • Testamenta, 4.
  • Testamenta, 4. The gifts are not mentioned in Birstall’s Chantry Certificate, which notes the chantries of Jesus, Our Lady and the Holy Trinity. The Jesus chantry, however, did have two rents of 13s 4d paid by Sir John Neville (son of Matilda). The Certificates of the Commissioners appointed to survey the Chantries, Guilds, Hospitals, etc. in the County of York, ed. W. Page, Surtees Society, 92 (1893), pp. 301–03.
  • Testamenta Eboracensia, 5, ed. J. Raine, Surtees Society, 79 (1884), p. 175. He gave to his son John his doublet of cloth of gold and his chamlet jacket to make a vestment.
  • Register of the Guild of Corpus Christi, p. 121; Visitation of Yorkshire, p. 229; Ms pedigree in Familiae Minorum Gentium.
  • The account of Neville’s career is based on The Parliamentary Representation of the County of York, 1258–1832, 2, ed. A. Gooder, YASRS, 96 (1937), pp. 1–4; S.T. Bindoff, The House of Commons, 1509–1558, 3 (London, 1982), pp. 9–10.
  • Arnold, ‘Commission of the Peace’, p. 118.

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