Nanomechanical characterisation of solid surfaces and thin films

References

• AHN, J., MITTAL, K. L. and MACQUEEN, R. H. (1978): in 'Adhesion measurement of thin films, thick films, and bulk coatings', (ed. K. L. Mittal), STP 640,134-157; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• ALBA, S., LOCBET, J. L. and VOVELLE, L. (1993): J. Adhesion Sci. Technol., 7, 131–140.
   Google Scholar
• ALEKHIN, V. P., BERLIN, G. S., ISAEV, A. V., KALEI, G. N., MERKCLOV, V. A., SKVORTSOV, V. N., TERNOVSKII, A. P., KRUSHCHOV, M. M., SHNYREV, G. D. and SHORSHOROV, M. KH. (1972): Zavod. Lab., 38, 619–621.
   Google Scholar
• ANTIS, G. R., CHANTIKCL, P., LAWN, B. R. and MARSHALL, D. B. (1981): J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 64, 533–538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASME (1979): 'Standard test method for microhardness of materials', ASME designation: E384–73,359–379.
   Google Scholar
• ATKINS, A. G., SILVERIO, A. and TABOR, D. (1966): J. Inst. Met., 94, 369.
   Google Scholar
• BAKER, S. P., ROSS C. A., TOWNSEND, P. H., VOLKERT, C. A. and BORGESEN, R (eds.) (1994): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties V', MRS Symp. Proc. 356; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• BAKER, S. P., COOK, R. F., CORCORAN, S. G. and MOODY, N. R. (eds.) (2000): 'Fundamentals of nanoindentation and nanotribology II', MRS Symp. Proc. 649; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• BEAKE, B. D., GOODES, S. R. and SMITH, J. F. (2001): &of. Eng., 17, 187–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BELL, T. J., FIELD, J. S. and SWAIN, M. V. (1992): Thin Solid Films, 220, 289–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENJAMIN, P. and WEAVER, C. (1960): Proc. R. Soc. (London) A, 254, 163–176.
   Google Scholar
• BERKOVICH, E. S. (1951): Ind. Diamond Rev., 11, 129–132.
   Google Scholar
• BHATTACHARYA, A. K. and NIX, W. D. (1988a): Int. J. Solids Struct., 24, 881–891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BHATTACHARYA, A. K. and NIX, W. D. (1988b): Int. J. Solids Struct., 24, 1287–1298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. (1987): in 'Testing of metallic and inorganic coatings', (ed. W. B. Harding and G. A. DiBari), STP 947, 310–319; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. (1996): `Tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage devices', 2nd edn; New York, Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. (1999a): 'Principles and applications of tribology'; New York, Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. (1999b): 'Handbook of micro/nanotribology', 2nd edn; Boca Raton, FA, CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. (1999c): Diam. Relat. Mater., 8, 1985–2015.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. (2001): 'Modem tribology handbook', Vols. 1 and 2; Boca Raton, FA, CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. (2002): 'Introduction to Tribology'; New York, Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. and DOERNER, M. F. (1989): J. Tribology (Trans. ASME), 111, 452–458.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. and GUPTA, B. K. (1995): Adv. Inf. Storage Syst., 6, 193–208.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. and GUPTA, B. K. (1997): 'Handbook of tribology: materials, coatings and surface treatments'; 1991, New York, McGraw-Hill/reprint edn: 1997, Malabar, FA, Krieger Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. and KOINKAR, V. N. (1994): Appl. Phys. Lett., 64, 1653–1655.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. and LI, X. (1997): J. Mater. Res., 12, 54–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B. and PATTON, S. T. (1996): J. Appl. Phys., 79, 5916–5918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B., LANDESMAN, A. L., SHACK, R. V., VCKOBRATOVICH, D. and WALTERS, V. S. (1985): IBM Tech. Disclos. Bull., 28, 2975–2976.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B., WILLIAMS, V. S. and SHACK, R. V. (1988): J. Tribology (Trans. ASME), 110, 563–571.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B., KELLOCK, A. J., CHO, N. H. and AGER, J. W. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 404–410.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B., GUPTA, B. K. and AZARIAN, M. H. (1995): Wear, 181–183, 743–758.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B., CHYUNG, K. and MILLER, R. A. (1996a): Adv. Inf. Storage Syst., 7, 3–16.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B., KULKARNI, A. V., BONIN, W. and WYROBEK, J. T. (1996b): Philos. Mag., 74, 1117–1128.
   Google Scholar
• BHUSHAN, B., THEHNISSEN, G. S. A. M. and LI, X. (1997): Thin Solid Films, 311, 67–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLAU, P. J. and LAWN, B. R. (eds.) (1986): `Microindentation tech-niques in materials science and engineering', STP 889; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• BLAU, P. J., OLIVER, W. C. and SNEAD, L. (1997): Tribo/. Int., 30, 483–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOLSHAKOV, A, OLIVER, W. C. and PHARR, G. M. (1996): J. Mater. Res., 11, 760–768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOURCIER, R. J., MYERS, S. M. and POLONIS, D. H. (1990): Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 44, 278–288.
   Google Scholar
• BOURCIER, R. J., FOLLSTAEDT, D. M., DUGGER, M. T. and MYERS, S. M. (1991): Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 59/60, 905–908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAVMAN, J. C., NIX, W. D., BARNETT, D. M. and SMITH, D. A. (eds.) (1989): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties', MRS Symp. Proc. 130; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• BUCKLE, H. (1973): in 'The science of hardness testing and its research applications', (ed. J. W. Westbrook and H. Conrad), 453–491; Metals Park, OH, ASM.
   Google Scholar
• BULL, S. J. and RICKERBY, D. S. (1990): Surf. Coat. Technol., 42, 149–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BULYCHEV, S. I., ALEKHIN, V. P., SHORSHOROV, M. KH., TERNOVSKII, A. P. and SHNYREV, G. D. (1975): Zavod Lab., 41, 9.
   Google Scholar
• BULYCHEV, S. I., ALEKHIN, V. P. and SHORSHOROV, M. KH. (1979): Fizika Khim. Obrab. Mater., (5).
   Google Scholar
• BURNETT, P. J. and RICKERBY, D. S. (1987a): Thin Solid Films, 154, 403–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURNETT, P. J. and RICKERBY, D. S. (1987b): Thin Solid Films, 148, 41–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURNETT, P. J. and RICKERBY, D. S. (1987c): Thin Solid Films, 148, 51–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CALLAHAN, D. L. and MORRIS, J. C. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 1614–1617.
   Google Scholar
• CAMMARATA, R. C., NASTASI, M. A., BUSSO, E. R and OLIVER, W. C. (eds.) (1997): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties VII', MRS Symp. Proc. 505; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPBELL, D. S. (1970): in 'Handbook of thin film technology', (ed. L. I. Maissel and R. Glang), chap. 12; New York, McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• CHANTIKCL, P., ANSTIS, G. R., LAWN, B. R. and MARSHALL, D. B. (1981): J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 64, 539–543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHENG, W., LING, E. and FINNIE, I. (1990): J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 73, 580–586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHIANG, S. S., MARSHALL, D. B. and EVANS, A. G. (1981): in 'Surfaces and interfaces in ceramics and ceramic—metal systems', (ed. J. Pask and A. G. Evans), 603–612; New York, Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• CHIANG, S. S., MARSHALL, D. B. and EVANS, A. G. (1982): J. Appl. Phys., 53, 298–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHO, N. H., KRISHNAN, K. M., VEIRS, D. K., RUBIN, M. B., HOPPER, C. B., BHUSHAN, B. and BOGY, D. B. (1990): J. Mater. Res., 5, 2543–2554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHOI, S. R. and SALEM, J. A. (1993): J. Mater. Res., 8, 3210–3217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHU, S. N. G. Li, J. C. M. (1977): J. Mater. Sci., 12, 2200–2208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHU, S. N. G. and LI, J. C. M. (1979): Mater. Sci. Eng., 39, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• CHU, S. N. G. and LI, J. C. M. (1980): Mater. Sci. Eng., 45, 167–171.
   Google Scholar
• COOK, R. F. and PHARR, G. M. (1990): J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 73, 787–817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAO, M., CHOLLACOOP, N., VAN VLIET, K. J., VENKATESH, T. A. and SURESH, S. (2001): Acta Mater., 49, 3899–3918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE BOER, M. P., HUANG, H., NELSON, J. C., JIANG, Z. R and GERBERICH, W. W. (1993): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties IV', (ed. P. H. Townsend et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 308,647-652; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• DOERNER, M. F. and NIX, W. D. (1986): J. Mater. Res., 1, 601–609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOERNER, M. F. GARDNER, D. S. and NIX, W. D. (1986): J. Mater. Res., 1, 845–851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOERNER, M. F., OLIVER, W. C., PHARR, G. M. and BROTZEN, F. R. (eds.) (1990): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties IT, MRS Symp. Proc. 188; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• DRORY, M. D., BOGY, D. B., DONLEY, M. S. and FIELD, J. E. (eds.) (1995): 'Mechanical behavior of diamond and other forms of carbon', MRS Symp. Proc. 383; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• EVANS, A. G. and CHARLES, E. A. (1976): J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 59, 371–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EVANS, A. G. and HUTCHINSON, J. W. (1984): Int. J. Solids Struct., 20, 455–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FABES, B. D., OLIVER, W. C., MCKEE, R. A. and WALKER, F. J. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7,3056–3064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FISCHER-CRIPPS, A. C. (2002): Nanoindentation'; New York, Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• FLECK, N. A., MULLER, G. M., ASHBY, M. F. and HUTCHINSON, J. W. (1994): Acta Metall. Mater., 42, 475–487.
   Google Scholar
• GANE, N. and COX, J. M. (1970): Philos. Mag., 22, 881–891.
   Google Scholar
• GERBERICH, W. W., GAO, H., SUNDGREN, J.-E. and BAKER, S. R (eds.) (1996): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties VI', MRS Symp. Proc. 436; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• GISSLER, W., HAUPT, J., CRABB, T. A., GIBSON, P. N. and RICKERBY, D. G. (1991): Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 139, 284–289.
   Google Scholar
• GOKEN, M. and KEMPF, M. (2001): Z. Metallkd., 92, 1061–1067.
   Google Scholar
• GREENE, J. E., WOODHOUSE, J. and PESTES, M. (1974): Rev. Sci. Instrum., 45, 747–749.
   Google Scholar
• GUPTA, B. K. and BHUSHAN, B. (1994): Surf. Coat. Technol, 68/69, 564–570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUPTA, B. K. and BHUSHAN, B. (1995a): Thin Solid Films, 270, 391–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUPTA, B. K. and BHUSHAN, B. (1995b): Wear, 190, 110–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUPTA, B. K., CHEVALLIER, J. and BHUSHAN, B. (1993): J. Tribology ( Trans. ASME ), 115, 392–399.
   Google Scholar
• GUPTA, B. K., BHUSHAN, B. and CHEVALLIER, J. (1994): Tribol. Trans., 37, 601–607.
   Google Scholar
• HAINSWORTH, S. V., CHANDLER, H. W. and PAGE, T. F. (1996): J. Mater. Res., 14, 2283–2295.
   Google Scholar
• HAINSWORTH, S. V., MCGURK, M. R. and PAGE, T. F. (1998): Surf. Coat. Technol., 102, 97–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANNULA, S. P., STONE, D. and LI, C. Y. (1985): in 'Electronic packaging materials science', (ed. E. A. Giess et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 40,217-224; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• HANNULA, S. P., WANAGEL, J. and LI, C. Y. (1986): in 'The use of small-scale specimens for testing irradiated material', (ed. W. R. Corwin and G. E. Lucas), STP 888, 233–251; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• HART, E. W. and SOLOMON, H. D. (1973): Acta Metall. 21, 195–200.
   Google Scholar
• HAY, J. C., BOLSHAKOV, A. and PHARR, G. M. (1999): J. Mater. Res., 14, 2296–2305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEAVENS , 0. S. (1950): J. Phys. Rad., 11, 355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HENSHALL, J. L. and BROOKES, C. A. (1985): J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 4, 783–786.
   Google Scholar
• HONG, S., WEIHS, T. P., BRAVMAN, J. C. and NIX, W. D. (1990): J. Electronic Mater., 19, 903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOOPER, R. M. and BROOKES, C. A. (1984): J. Mater. Sci., 19, 4057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUANG, L. Y., ZHAO, J. W., XU, K. W. and LU, J. (2002): Diam. Relat. Mater., 11, 1454–1459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INSPEC (1988): 'Properties of silicon', EMIS Data Reviews Series no. 4, INSPEC, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London.
   Google Scholar
• JACOBSON, S., JONSSON, B. and SUNDQUIST, B. (1983): Thin Solid Films, 107, 89–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHNSON, K. L. (1985): 'Contact mechanics'; Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• JONSSON, B. and HOGMARK, S. (1984): Thin Solid Films 114, 257–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOSLIN, D. L. and OLIVER, W. C. (1990): J. Mater. Res., 5, 123-126. KING, R. B. (1987): Int. J. Solids Struct., 23, 1657–1664.
   Google Scholar
• KORSUNSKY, A. M., MCGURK, M. R., BULL, S. J. and PAGE, T. F. (1998): Surf. Coat. Technol., 99, 171–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAFONTAINE, W. R., YOST, B., BLACK, R. D. and LI, C. (1990a): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties II', (ed. M. F. Doemer et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 188,165-170; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• LAFONTAINE, W. R., YOST, B., BLACK, R. D. and LI, C. Y. (1990b): J. Mater. Res., 5, 2100–1206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAFONTAINE, W. R., YOST, B. and LI, C. Y. (1990c): J. Mater. Res., 5, 776–783.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAFONTAINE, W. R., PASZKIET, C. A., KORHONEN, M. A. and LI, C. Y. (1991): J. Mater. Res., 6, 2084–2090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LANKFORD, J. (1981): J. Mater. Sci., 16, 1177–1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAUGIER, M. (1981): Thin Solid Films, 76, 289–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAURSEN, T. A. and SIMO, J. C. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 618–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAWN, B. R. (1993): 'Fracture of brittle solids', 2nd edn; Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• LAWN, B. R. and EVANS, A. G. (1977): J. Mater. Sci., 12, 2195–2199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAWN, B. R. and MARSHALL, D. B. (1979): J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 62, 347–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAWN, B. R. and WILSHAW, R. (1975): J. Mater. Sci., 10, 1049–1081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAWN, B. R., EVANS, A. G. and MARSHALL, D. B. (1980): J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 63, 574–581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE, E. H. and MANSUR, L. K. (1989): J. Mater. Res., 4, 1371–1378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE, E. H., RAO, G. R. and MANSUR, L. K. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 1900–1911.
   Google Scholar
• LEE, E. H., LEE, Y., OLIVER, W. C. and MANSUR, L. K. (1993): J. Mater. Res., 8, 377–387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, J. C. M. and mu, S. N. G. (1979): Scr. Metall., 13, 1021–1026.
   Google Scholar
• LI, W. B., HENSHALL, J. L., HOOPER, R. M. and EASTERLING, K. E. (1991): Acta Metall. Mater., 39, 3099–3110.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (1998a): Thin Solid Films, 315, 214–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (1998b): Wear, 220, 51–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (1999a): J. Mater. Res., 14, 2328–2337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (1999b): Z. Metallkd., 90, 820–830.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (1999c): Thin Solid Films, 340, 210–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (1999d): Thin Solid Films, 355–356, 330–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (2000a): Scr. Mater., 42, 929–935.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (2000b): Thin Solid Films, 377–378, 401–406.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (2001a): J. Inf. Storage Proc. Syst., 3, 131–142.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (2001b): IEEE Trans. Magn., 37, 1616–1619.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (2002a): Mater. Charact., 48, 11–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (2002b): Scr. Mater., 47, 473–479.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X. and BHUSHAN, B. (2002c): J. Appl. Phys., 91, 8334–8336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI, X., DIAO, D. and BHUSHAN, B. (1997): Acta. Mater., 45,4453–4461.
   Google Scholar
• LI, X., BHUSHAN, B. and INOUE, M. (2001): Wear, 251, 1150–1158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN, M. R., RITTER, J. E., ROSENFELD, L. and LARDNER, T. J. (1990): J. Mater. Res., 5, 1110–1117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOUBET, J. L., GEORGES, J. M., MARCHESINI, O. and MEILLE, G. (1984): J. Tribology (Trans. ASME ), 106, 43–48.
   Google Scholar
• LOUBET, J. L., BAUER, M., TONCK, A., BEC, S. and GAUTHIER-MANUEL, B. (1993): in 'Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of materials having ultra-fine microstructures', (ed. M. Nastasi et al), 429–447; Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• LUCAS, B. N. and OLIVER, W. C. (1992): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties III', (W. D. Nix et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 239,337-341; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• LYSAGHT, V. E. (1949): 'Indentation hardness testing'; New York, Reinhold.
   Google Scholar
• MARSHALL, D. B. and EVANS, A. G. (1984): J. Appl Phys., 15, 2632–2638.
   Google Scholar
• MARSHALL, D. B. and LAWN, B. R. (1979): J. Mater. Sci., 14, 2001–2012.
   Google Scholar
• MARSHALL, D. B. and OLIVER, W. C. (1987): J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 70, 542–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAYO, M. J. and NIX, W. D. (1988): Acta Metall., 36, 2183–2192.
   Google Scholar
• MAYO, M. J., SIEGEL, R. W., NARAYANASAMY, A. and NIX, W. D. (1990): J. Mater. Res., 5, 1073–1082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCGURK, M. R. and PAGE, T. F. (1999): J. Mater. Res., 14, 2283–2295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCHARGUE, C. J. (1989): 'Structure—property relationships in sur-face-modified ceramics', (ed. C. J. McHargue et al), 253–273, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• MCHARGUE, C. J., O'HERN, M. E. and JOSLIN, D. L. (1990): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties H', (ed. M. F. Doemer et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 188,111-120; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• MECHOLSKY, J. J., TSAI, Y. L. and DRAWL, W. R. (1992): J. Appl. Phys., 71, 4875–4881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEHROTRA, P. K. and QUINTO, D. T. (1985): J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 3, 2401–2405.
   Google Scholar
• MITTAL, K. L. (ed.) (1978): 'Adhesion measurement of thin films, thick films, and bulk coatings', STP 640; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• MOODY, N. R., GERBERICH, W. W., BURNHAM, N. and BAKER, S. P. (eds.) (1998): 'Fundamentals of nanoindentation and nanotribol-ogy', MRS Symp. Proc. 522; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• MOTT, B. W. (1957): `Microindentation hardness testing', London, Butterworth s.
   Google Scholar
• MTS (2001): 'Customer care kit: the Nano Indenter XP', MTS Nano Instruments Innovation Center, Oak Ridge, TN (www .mts.c om/nano/).
   Google Scholar
• MULHEARN, T. O. and TABOR, D. (1960–1961): J. Inst. Met., 87, 7.
   Google Scholar
• NASTASI, M., HIRVONEN, J. P., JERVIS, T. R., PHARR, G. M. and OLIVER, W. C. (1988): J. Mater. Res., 3, 226–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NASTASI, M., PARKIN, D. M. and GLEITER, H. (eds.) (1993): 'Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of materials having ultra-fine microstructures'; Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• NEWEY, D., WILKINS, M. A. and POLLOCK, H. M. (1982): J. Phys. E, Sci. Instrum., 15, 119–122.
   Google Scholar
• NIX, W. D. (1989): Metal!. Trans. A, 20A, 2217–2245.
   Google Scholar
• NIX, W. D., BRAVMAN, J. C., ARZT, E. and FREUND, L. B. (eds.) (1992): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties III', MRS Symp. Proc. 239; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• O'HERN M., PARRISH, R. H. and OLIVER, W. C. (1989): Thin Solid Films, 181, 357–363.
   Google Scholar
• OHERN, M. E., MCHARGUE, C. J., WHITE, C. W. and FARLOW, G. C. (1990): Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 46, 171–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLIVER, W. c. (2001): J. Mater. Res., 16, 3202–3206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLIVER, W. C. and PETHICA, J. B. (1989): 'Methods for continuous determination of the elastic stiffness of contact between two bodies', US Patent 4,848,141, July 18.
   Google Scholar
• OLIVER, W. C. and PHARR, G. M. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 1564–1583.
   Google Scholar
• OLIVER, W. C., HUTCHINGS, R. and PETHICA, J. B. (1986): in `Microindentation techniques in materials science and engineer-ing', (ed. by P. J. Blau and B. R. Lawn), STP 889, 90–108; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• O'NEILL, H. (1967): 'Hardness measurement of metals and alloys'; London, Chapman and Hall.
   Google Scholar
• OZKAN, C. S., CAMMARATA, R. C., FREUND, L. B. and GAO, H. (eds.) (2001): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties IX', MRS Symp. Proc. 695; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• PAGE, T. F., OLIVER, W. C. and MCHARGUE, C. J. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 450–473.
   Google Scholar
• PALMQUIST, S. (1957): Jernkontorets Ann., 141, 300.
   Google Scholar
• PATTON, S. T. and BHUSHAN, B. (1996): Wear, 202, 99–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERRY, A. J. (1981): Thin Solid Films, 78, 77–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERRY, A. J. (1983): Thin Solid Films, 197, 167–180.
   Google Scholar
• PETHICA, J. B. and OLIVER, W. C. (1989): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties', (ed. J. C. Bravman et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 130,13-23; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• PETHICA, J. B. HUTCHINGS, R. and OLIVER, W. C. (1983): Philos. Mag A, 48, 593–606.
   Google Scholar
• PETHICA, J. B., KOIDL, P., GOBRECHT, J. and SCHULLER, C. (1985): J. Vac. Sci. Technol A, 3, 2391–2393.
   Google Scholar
• PHARR, G. M. (1992): in 'Thin film: stresses and mechanical prop-erties III', (ed. W. D. Nix et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 239,301-312; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• PHARR, G. M. (1998): Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 253, 151–159.
   Google Scholar
• PHARR, G. M., OLIVER, W. C. and CLARKE, D. R. (1989): Scr. Metall., 23, 1949–1952.
   Google Scholar
• PHARR, G. M., OLIVER, W. C. and CLARKE, D. R. (1990): J. Electron. Mater., 19, 881–887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PHARR, G. M., OLIVER, W. C. and BROTZEN, F. R. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 613–617.
   Google Scholar
• PHARR, G. M., HARDING, D. S. and OLIVER, W. C. (1993): in 'Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of materials having ultra-fine microsctructures', (ed. M. Nastasi et al), 449–461; Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• RAMAN, V. and BERRICHE, R. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 7, 627–638.
   Google Scholar
• RANDALL, N. X., CRISTOPH, R., DROZ, S. and JULIA—SCHMUTZ, C. (1996): Thin Solid Films, 290–291, 348–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAO, G. R., LEE, E. H. and MANSUR, L. K. (1993): Wear, 162–164, 739–747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUBIN, M. B., HOPPER, C. B., CHO, N. H. and BHUSHAN, B. (1990): J. Mater. Res., 5, 2538–2542.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SARGENT, P. M. (1986): in `Microindentation techniques in materials science and engineering', (ed. P. J. Blau and B. R. Lawn), STP 889,160-174; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• SCRUBY, C. B. (1987): J. Phys. E, Sci. Instrum., 20, 946–953.
   Google Scholar
• SEKLER, J., STEINMANN, P. A. and HINTERMANN, H. E. (1988): Surf. Coat. Technol., 36, 519–529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIH, C. W., YANG, M. and LI, J. C. M. (1991): J. Mater. Res., 6, 2623–2628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SNEDDON, I. N. (1965): Int. J. Eng. Sci., 3, 47–57.
   Google Scholar
• STILWELL, N. A. and TABOR, D. (1961): Proc. Phys. Soc., 78, 169–179.
   Google Scholar
• STONE, D., LAFONTAINE, W. R., ALEXOPOULOS, P. S., WU, T. W. and LI, C. Y. (1988): J. Mater. Res., 3, 141–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STONE, D. S., YODER, K. B. and SPROUL, W. D. (1991): J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 9, 2543–2547.
   Google Scholar
• SURESH, s. (1991): Tatige of materials', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• SURESH, S. and GIANNAKOPOULOS, A. E. (1998): Acta Mater., 46, 5755–5767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SWADENER, J. G., GEORGE, E. R and PHARR, G. M. (2002): J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 50, 681–694.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SWAIN, M. V., HAGAN, J. T. and FIELD, J. E. (1977): J. Mater. Sci., 12, 1914–1917.
   Google Scholar
• SYED ASIF, S. A. and PETHICA, J. B. (1997): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties VI', (ed. W. W. Gerberich et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 436, 201–206; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• TABOR, D. (1951): 'The hardness of metals', Oxford, Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• TABOR, D. (1970): Rev. Phys. Technol., 1, 145–179.
   Google Scholar
• TANGENA, A. G. and HURKX, G. A. M. (1986): J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 108,230–232.
   Google Scholar
• TERNOVSKII, A. P., ALEKIHN, V. P., SHORSHOROV, M. KH., KHRUSHCHOV, M. M. and SKVORTSOV, V. N. (1973): Zavod. Lab., 39, 1620–1624.
   Google Scholar
• TOWNSEND, P. H., WEIHS, T. P., SANCHEZ, J. E. and BORGESEN, R (eds.)(1993): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties IV', MRS Symp. Proc. 308; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• TSUI, T. v. and PHARR G. M. (1999): J. Mater. Res., 14, 292–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSUI, T. Y., OLIVER, W. C. and PHARR, G. M. (1996): J. Mater. Res., 11, 752–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSUKAMOTO, Y., YAMAGUCHI, H. and YANAGISAWA, M. (1987): Thin Solid Films, 154, 171–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAIDYANATHAN, R., DAO, M., RAVICHANDRAN, G. and SURESH, S. (2001): Acta Mater., 49, 3781–3789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VALLI, J. (1986): J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A4, 3007–3014.
   Google Scholar
• VANLANDINGHAM, M. R., VILLARRUBIA, J. S., GUTHRIE, W. F. and MEYERS, G. F. (2001): Macromol. Symp., 167, 15–43.
   Google Scholar
• VENKATARAMAN, S., KOHLSTEDT, D. L. and GERBERICH, W. W. (1992): J. Mater. Res., 1, 1126–1132.
   Google Scholar
• VINCI, R. R and VLASSAK, J. J. (1996): Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 26, 431–462.
   Google Scholar
• VINCI, R., KRAFT, O., MOODY, N., BESSER, R and SHAFFER. E. (eds.) (1999): 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties VIII', MRS Symp. Proc. 594; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• VITOVEC, F. H. (1986): in `Microindentation techniques in materials science and engineering', (ed. P. J. Blau and B. R. Lawn), STP 889,175-185; Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
   Google Scholar
• WALKER, W. W. (1973): in 'The science of hardness testing and its research applications', (ed. J. H. Westbrook and H. Conrad), 258–273; Metals Park, OH, ASM.
   Google Scholar
• WAS, G. S. (1990): J. Mater. Res., 5, 1668–1683.
   Google Scholar
• WAS, G. S. and DEKOVEN, B. M. (1991): Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 59/60, 802–805.
   Google Scholar
• WAS, G. S., MCINTYRE, M. E. and OCKEN, H. (1993): Proc. hit. Conf. on 'Beam processing of advanced materials', (ed. J. Singh and S. M. Copley), 489; Warrendale, PA, TMS.
   Google Scholar
• WEIHS, T. P., HONG, S., BRAVMAN, J. C. and NIX, W. D. (1988): J. Mater. Res., 3, 931–942.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEIHS, T. P., LAWRENCE, C. W., DERBY, C. B. and PETHICA, J. B. (1992): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties III', (ed. W. D. Nix et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 239,361-370; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• WESTBROOK. J. H. (1957): Proc. ASTM, 57, 873.
   Google Scholar
• WESTBROOK, J. H. and CONRAD, H. (eds.) (1973): 'The science of hardness and its research applications', Metals Park, OH, ASM.
   Google Scholar
• WHITE, R. L., NELSON, J. and GERBERICH, W. W. (1993): in 'Thin films: stresses and mechanical properties IV', (ed. P. H. Townsend et al), MRS Symp. Proc. 308,141-146; Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• WHITEHEAD, A. J. and PAGE, T. F. (1992): Thin Solid Films, 220, 277–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIERENGA, P. E. and FRANKEN, A. J. J. (1984): J. Appl. Phys., 55, 4244–4247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIERENGA, P. E. and VAN DER LINDEN, J. H. M. (1986): in `Tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage systems', (ed. B. Bhushan and N. S. Eiss), Vol. 3,31–37, SP-21; Park Ridge, IL, American Society of Lubrication Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• WILLIAMS, V. S., LANDESMAN, A. L., SHACK, R. V., VUKOBRATOVICH, D. and BHUSHAN, B. (1988): Appl. Opt., 27, 541–546.
   Google Scholar
• WU, T. W. (1991): J. Mater. Res., 6, 407–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WU, T. W. and LEE, C. K. (1994): J. Mater. Res., 9, 805–811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WU, T. W., HWANG, C., LO, J. and ALEXOPOULOS, R (1988): Thin Solid Films, 166, 299–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WU, T. W., SHULL, A. L. and BERRICHE, R. (1991): Surf. Coat. Technol., 47, 696–709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANAGISAWA, M. and MOTOMURA, v. (1987): Lubr. Eng., 43, 52–56.
   Google Scholar
• YEACK-SCRANTON, C. E. (1986): IEEE Trans. Magn., 22, 1011–1016.
   Google Scholar