Prescriptive Clinical Prediction Rules in Back Pain Research: A Systematic Review

REFERENCES

• Childs JD, Cleland JA. Development and application of clinical prediction rules to improve decision making in physical therapy practice. Phys Ther 2006;86:122–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinical Epidemiology: How to do Clinical Practice Research. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• McGinn T, Guyatt G, Wyer P, Naylor CD, Stiell I. How to use articles about clinical prediction rules. JAMA 2000;284:79–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, Wells GA. Methodological standards for the development of clinical decision rules in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med 1999;33:437–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, McKnight RD, Nair RC, McDowell I, Worthington JR. A study to develop clinical decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:384–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, McKnight RD, Greenberg GH, et al. Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules. JAMA 1994;271:827–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auleley GR, Ravaud P, Giraudeau B, Ker- boull L, Nizard R, Massin P. Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules in France: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1997;277:1935–1939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeek PR, Stiell IG, Herbert G, Sellens C. Ankle radiograph utilization after learning a decision rule: A 12-month follow-up. Acad Emerg Med 1997;4:776–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, Wells GA, McKnight RD, Cwinn AA, Cacciotti T. Derivation of a decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26:405–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, Greenberg GH, Wells GA, McDowell I, Cwinn AA, Smith NA. Prospective validation of a decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. JAMA 1996;275:611–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, Wells GA, Hoag RH, et al. Implementation of the Ottawa knee rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. JAMA 1997;278:2075–2079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichol G, Stiell IG, Wells GA, Juergensen LS, Laupacis A. An economic analysis of the Ottawa knee rule. Ann Emerg Med 1999;34: 438–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen KL, Clement CM, Lesiuk H, De Maio VJ. The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA 2001; 286:1841–1848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wainneer RS, Fritz JM, Irrgang JJ, Delitto A, Allison S, Boninger ML. Development of a clinical prediction rule for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Arch Phys Med Re- habil 2005;86:609–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan GP, Fritz JM, Hunter SJ, Thackeray A, Delitto A, Erhard RE. Identifying subgroups of patients with acute/subacute “non-specific” low back pain. Spine 2006; 31: 623–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs JD, Fritz JM, Flynn TW, et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with low back pain most likely to benefit from spinal manipulations: A validation study. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:920–928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn T, Fritz J, Whitman J, Wainner R, Ma- gel J, Rendeiro D. A clinical prediction rule for classifying patients with low back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine 2002; 27: 2835–2843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz JM, Whitman JM, Flynn TW, Wainner RS, Childs JD. Factors related to the inability of individuals with low back pain to improve with a spinal manipulation. Phys Ther 2004;84:173–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz JM, Childs JD, Flynn TW. Pragmatic application of a clinical prediction rule in primary care to identify patients with low back pain with a good prognosis following a brief spinal manipulation intervention. BMC Fam Pract 2005;6:29. Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/6/29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hicks GE, Fritz JE, Delitto A, McGill SM. Preliminary development of a clinical prediction rule for determining which patients with low back pain will respond to a stabilization exercise program. Arch Phys Med Re- habil 2005;86:1753–1762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingui BJ, Rogers MAM. Searching for clinical prediction rules in MEDLINE. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2001;8:391–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasson JH, Sox HC, Neff RK, Goldman L. Clinical application rules: Application and methodological standards. N Engl J Med 1985;313:793–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laupacis A, Sekar N, Stiell IG. Clinical prediction rules: A review and suggested modifications of methodological standards. JAMA 1997;277:488–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly BM, Evans AT. Translating clinical research into clinical practice: Impact of using prediction rules to make decisions. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:201–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axen I, Jones JJ, Rosenbaum A, et al. The Nordic back pain subpopulation program: Validation and improvement of a predictive model for treatment outcome in patients with low back pain receiving chiropractic treatment. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:381–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz JM, Lindsay W, Matheson JW, et al. Is there a subgroup of patients with low back pain likely to benefit from mechanical traction? Results of a randomized clinical trail and subgrouping analysis. Spine 2007;32: E793-E800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jellema P, van der Horst HE, Vlaeyen JW, Stalman WA, Bouter LM, van der Windt DA. Predictors of outcome in patients with (sub) acute low back pain differ across treatment groups. Spine 2006;31:1699–1705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leboeuf-Y de C, Gronstvedt A, Borge JA, et al. The Nordic back pain subpopulation program: Demographic and clinical predictors for outcome in patients receiving chiropractic treatment for persistent low-back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2004;27:493–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laslett M, McDonald B, Aprill CN, Tropp H, Oberg B. Clinical predictors of screening lumbar zygapophyseal joint blocks: Development of clinical prediction rules. Spine J 2006;6:370–379.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skargren EI, Carlsson PG, Oberg BE. One- year follow-up comparison of the cost and effectiveness of chiropractic and physiotherapy as primary management for back pain: Subgroup analysis, recurrence, and additional health care utilization. Spine 1998; 23:1875–1883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teyhen DS, Flynn TW, Childs JD, Abraham LD. Arthokinematics in a subgroup of patients likely to benefit from a lumbar stabilization exercise program. Phys Ther 2007; 87:313–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Hulst M, Vollenbroek-Hutten MM, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K, Hermens HJ. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatment of patients with chronic low back pain: A prognostic model for its outcome. Clin J Pain 2008;24:421–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland JA, Fritz JM, Whitman JM, Childs JD, Palmer JA. The use of a lumbar spine manipulation technique by physical therapists in patients who satisfy a clinical prediction rule: A case series. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2006;36:209–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, Herbert RD, McAuley JH. Independent evaluation of a clinical prediction rule for spinal manipulative therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Eur Spine J 2008; 17:936–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionne CE. Low back pain. In Crombie IK, Croft PR, Linton SJ, LeResche L, & Von Korff M, eds. Epidemiology of Pain. Seattle, WA: IASP Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• May S, Littlewood C, Bishop A. Reliability of procedures used in the physical examination of non-specific low back pain: A systematic review. Aus JPhysiother 2006;52:91–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster NE, Thompson KA, Baxter GD, Allen JM. Management of non-specific low back pain by physiotherapists in Britain and Ireland: A descriptive questionnaire of current clinical practice. Spine 1999;24:1332–1342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jette MA, Delitto A. Physical therapy treatment choices for musculoskeletal impairments. Phys Ther 1997;77:145–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mielenz TJ, Carey TS, Dyrek DA, Harris BA, Garrett JM, Darter J. Physical therapy utilization by patients with acute low back pain. Phys Ther 1997;77:1040–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Baar ME, Dekker J, Bosveld W. A survey of physical therapy goals and interventions for patients with back and knee pain. Phys Ther 1998;78:33–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Loeser JD, Bush T, Waddell G. An international comparison of back surgery rates. Spine 1994;19:1201–1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werneke M, Hart DL, Cook D. A descriptive study of the centralization phenomenon. Spine 1999;24:676–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werneke M, Hart DL. Centralization phenomenon as a prognostic factor for chronic low back pain and disability. Spine 2001; 26:758–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werneke M, Hart DL. Discriminant validity and relative precision for classifying patients with non-specific neck and back pain by anatomic pain patterns. Spine 2003; 28:161–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werneke M, Hart DL. Categorizing patients with occupational low back pain by use of the Quebec Task Force Classification system versus pain pattern classification procedures: Discriminant and predictive validity. Phys Ther 2004;84:243–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz JM, Delitto A, Erhard RE. Comparison of classification-based physical therapy with therapy based on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain: A randomized clinical trial. Spine 2003;28:1363–1371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long A, Donelson R, Fung T. Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain. Spine 2004;29:2593–2602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar