Hazard Identification in Occupational Injury: Reflections on Standard Epidemiologic Methods

References

• Haddon W Jr. Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Am J Pub Health. 1980; 95: 411–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddon W Jr. A logical framework for categorizing highway safety phenomena and activity. J Trauma. 1982; 12: 193–207.
   Google Scholar
• Leigh JP, Markowitz SB, Fahs MC, Shin C, Landrigan PJ. Occu-pational injury and illness in the United States: estimates of costs, morbidity, and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 1997; 157: 1557–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorock GS, Smith GS, Reeve GR, et al. Three perspectives on work-related injury surveillance systems. Am J Ind Med. 1997; 32: 116–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GS. Public health approaches to occupational injury pre-vention: do they work? Injury Prevention. 2001;7(suppl I):i3-10.
   Google Scholar
• Robertson LS. Injury Epidemiology. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Bailer AJ, Stayner LT, Halperin W, Reed LD, Seymour T. Com-paring injury and illness risk assessments for occupational haz-ards. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 1998; 4: 1265–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers JR, Kisner SM, Fosbroke DE. Lifetime risk of fatal occu-pational injuries within industries, by occupation, gender, and race. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 1998; 4: 1291–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailer AJ, Reed LD, Stayner LT. Modeling fatal injury rates using Poisson regression: a case study of workers in agriculture, forestry and fishing. J Safety Res. 1997; 28: 177–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisner SM, Fosbroke DE. Injury hazards in the construction industry. J Occup Med. 1994; 36: 137–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Myers JR, Fosbroke DE. Logging fatalities in the United States by region, cause of death, and other factors-1980 through 1988. J Safety Res. 1994; 25: 97–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker SP, Samkoff JS, Fisher RS, Van Buren CB. Fatal occupa-tional injuries. JAMA. 1982; 248: 692–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adekoya N, Myers JR. Fatal harmful substances or environmen-tal exposures in agriculture, 1992 to 1996. Am J Ind Med. 1999; 41: 699–705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loomis D, Dufort V, Kleckner RC, Savitz DA. Fatal occupational injuries among electric power company workers. Arn J Ind Med, 1999; 35: 302–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peek-Asa C, Erickson R, Kraus JF. Traumatic occupational fatal-ities in the retail industry, United States 1992-1996. Am J Ind Med. 1999; 35: 186–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husberg BJ, Conway GA, Moore MA, Johnson MS. Surveillance for nonfatal work-related injuries in Alaska, 1991-1995. Am J Ind Med. 1998; 34: 493–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowery JT, Borgerding JA, Zhen B, Glazner JE, Bondy J, Kreiss K. Risk factors for injury among workers at Denver Interna-tional Airport. Arn J Ind Med. 1998; 34: 113–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnetti SM, Wyant WD, Greenwood J, Roder NJ, Linton JC, Ducatman AM. Injuries to volunteer fire fighters in West Vir-ginia. J Occup Environ Med. 1999; 41: 104–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough JE, Henderson AK, Kaufman JD, Occupational burns in Washington State, 1989-1993. Am J Ind Med. 1998; 40: 1083–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller ME, Kaufman JD. Occupational injuries among adoles-cents in Washington State, 1988-1991. Am J Ind Med 1998; 34: 121–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner M, Baker SP, Li G, Smith GS. Acute traumatic injuries in automotive manufacturing. Arn J Ind Med. 1998; 34: 351–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahl JD, Kelsh MA, Haines ED, Sands F, Kraus J. Acute injuries among electric utility linemen. Am J Ind Med. 1997; 31: 223–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suruda A, Fosbroke D, Braddee R. Fatal work-related falls from roofs. J Safety Res. 1995; 26: 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins JW, Smith GS, Baker SP, Warner M. Injuries related to forklifts and other powered industrial vehicles in automobile manufacturing. Am J Ind Med. 1999; 36: 513–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen HH, Lin L-. A retrospective case-control study of ladder fall accidents. J Safety Res. 1991; 22: 21–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee T, Anderson C, Kraus JF. Acute traumatic injuries in under-ground bituminous coal miners. Am J Ind Med. 1993; 23: 407–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baretto SM, Swerdlow AJ, Smith PG, Higgins CD. A nested case-control study of fatal work related injuries among Brazilian steel workers. Occup Environ Med. 1977; 54: 599–604.
   Google Scholar
• Pollack ES, Franklin GM, Fulton-Kehoe D, Chowdhury R. Risk of job-related injury among construction laborers with a diag-nosis of substance abuse. J Occup Environ Med. 1998; 40: 573–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh JP. Alcohol abuse and job hazards. J Safety Res. 1996; 27: 17–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohl AR, Morgenstern H, Kraus JF. Occupational injury in female aerospace workers. Epidemiology. 1995; 6: 1104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee T-Y, Gerberich SG, Gibson RW, Carr WP, Shutske J, Renier CM. A population-based study of tractor-related injuries: Regional Rural Injury Study4 (RRIS-I). J Occup Environ Med. 1996; 38: 782–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle D, Gerberich SG, Gibson RW, et al. Injury from dairy cattle activities. Epidemiology. 1997; 8: 37–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen HH, Lin L-J. A scenario of ladder fall accidents. J Safety Res. 1991; 22: 31–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suruda A, Smith L. Work-related electrocutions involving portable power tools and appliances. J Occup Med. 1992; 34: 887–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welch LS, Weeks J, Hunting EL. Fatal and non-fatal injuries from vessels under air pressure in construction. J Occup Envi-ron Med. 1999; 41: 100–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddon W Jr. Energy damage and the 10 countermeasure strategies. J Trauma. 1973; 13: 321–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guarnieri M. Landmarks in the history of safety. J Safety Res. 1992; 23: 151–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineault M, Rossignol M, Barr RG. Inter-rater analysis of a clas-sification scheme of occupational fatalities by electrocution. J Safety Res. 1994; 25: 107–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazner JE, Borgerding J, Bondy J, Lowery JT, Lezotte DC, Kreiss K. Contractor safety practices and injury rates in construction of the Denver International Airport, Am J bid Med. 1999; 35: 175–85.
   Google Scholar
• Mac Crawford J, Wilkins III JR, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Bean TL, Jones IA. A cross-sectional case control study of work-related injuries among Ohio farmers. Am J Ind Med. 1998; 34: 588–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwerling C, Whitten PS, Davis CS, Sprince NL. Occupational injuries among older workers with visual, auditory, and other impairments. J Occup Environ Med. 1998; 40: 720–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell T, Berkout J. Injuries at a metal foundry as a function ofjob classification, length of employment and drug screening. J Safety Res. 1998; 29: 9–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veazie MA, Landen DD, Bender TR, Amandus HE. Epidemio-logic research on the etiology of injuries at work. Annu Rev Public Health. 1994; 15: 203–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manwaring JC, Conway GA, Garret LC. Epidemiology and pre-vention of helicopter external load accidents. J Safety Res. 1998; 29: 107–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suruda A, Liu D, Egger M, Lillquist D. Fatal injuries in the United States construction industry involving cranes 1984-1994.J Occup Environ Med. 1999; 41: 1053–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman KJ. Modern Epidemiology. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1986: 69.
   Google Scholar
• Cole P. The evolving case-control study. J Chronic Dis. 1979; 32: 15–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith GS, Veazie MA. Principles of prevention: the public health approach to reducing injuries in the workplace. In: Stellman JM, et al. (eds). Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Office, 1998: 56: 26–42.
   Google Scholar
• Sorock GS, Lombardi DA, Hauser RB, Eisen EA, Herrick RF, Mittleman MA. A case-crossover study of occupational traumatic hand injury: methods and initial findings. Am J Ind Med. 2001; 39: 171–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorock GS, Lombardi DA, Gabel CL, Smith GS, Mittleman MA. Case-crossover studies of occupational trauma: methodological caveats. Injury Prevention. 2001; 7(suppl I) 1: i38-42.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS (eds). To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• McCullough PA, Smith GS. Evaluation of narrative text for case finding: the need for accuracy measurements. Am J Ind Med. 1998; 34: 133–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson A, Feyer A-M, Stout N, Driscoll T, Usher H. Use of narrative analysis for comparisons of fatal accidents in three countries: New Zealand, Australia and the United States. Injury Prevention. 2001; 7(suppl I) 105-20.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins DN, Casini VJ, Bost P, Johnson W, Rautiainen R. The Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation program's role in the prevention of occupational fatalities. Injury Prevention. 2001; 7(suppl I) 1: i27-33.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH. Preventing worker deaths and injuries from falls through skylights and roof openings. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NIOSH) Publication No. 90-100, Dec 1989. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/90-100.htrnl. Accessed April 2002.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH. Preventing injuries and deaths from falls during con-struction and maintenance of telecommunication towers. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NIOSH) Publica-tion No. 2001-156, July 2001. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/2001156.htrnl. Accessed April 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson LL. Non-fatal occupational injuries and illnesses treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States. Injury Prevention. 2001; 7(suppl I) 1: i21-26.
   Google Scholar
• Deming WE. The New economics; For Industry, Government, Education. Cambridge, MA: Center for Advanced Engineering Study, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993.
   Google Scholar