23
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Feeding Practices and Blood Lead Levels in Infants in Nagpur, India

Pages 24-30 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

References

  • Piomelli S. Lead poisoning. In: Nelson WE, Behrman RE, Kleigman RM, Arvin AM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 15th ed. WB Saunders Company; 1996.2010–2013.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing lead poisoning in young children. Washington (DC): US Depart-ment of Health and Human Services 1991.
  • Jusko TA, Henderson CR, Lanphear BP, Cory-Slechta DA, Parsons PJ, Canfield RL. Blood lead concentrations 0 tig/dL and child intelligence at 6 years of age. Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116 (2): 243–248.
  • Miranda ML, Dohyeong KO, Galeano MA, Paul CJ, Hull AP, Morgan SP. The relationship between early childhood blood lead levels and performance on end-of-grade tests. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115 (8): 1242–1247.
  • The nature and extent of lead poisoning in children in the United States: A report to Congress. Washington (DC): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1988, (1-28), III (1-13), IV (5-6).
  • Zeigler EE, Edward BB, Jensen RL, Mahaffey KR, Fomar SJ. Absorption and retention of lead by infants. Pediatr Res. 1978; 12: 29–34.
  • Alexander FW, Delves HT, Clayton, BE. The uptake and excretion of lead and other contaminants. In: Barth D, Berlin A, Engel R, Recht P, Smeets J, eds. Environmental health aspects of lead: Proceedings of an international symposium; 1972 Octo-ber; Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Luxembourg: Commission of European Communities. c. 1973; 319–331.
  • Marecek J, Shapiro IM, Burke A, Katz SH, Hediger ML. Low level lead exposure in childhood influences neuropsychological performance. Arch Environ Health. 1983;38 (6) :355–359.
  • Bellinger D, Sloman J, Leviton A, Rabinowitz M, Needleman H,Waterneux C. Low level exposure and childrens cognitive func-tion in the preschool years. Pediatr. 1991; 87: 219–27.
  • McMichael AJ, Baghurst PA, Wigg NR, Vimpani GV, Robertson EF, Roberts RJ. Port Pixie cohort study: environmental exposure to low doses of lead in childhood: an 11-year follow-up report. N Engl J Med. 1990; 87: 219–27.
  • Mendelson AL, Dreyer BP, Fierman AH, et al. Low-level lead exposure and cognitive development in early childhood. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999; 20 (6): 425–31.
  • Needleman HL, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN. The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in child-hood: an 11-year follow-up report. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322: 83–8.
  • Bellinger DC, Stiles KM, Needleman HL. Low level lead exposure, intelligence and academic achievement: a long-term follow-up study. Pediatr. 1992; 90: 855–861.
  • Winneke G, Altman L, Kramer U, et al. Neurobehavioral and neurophysiological observation in six-year-old children with low lead levels in East and West Germany. Neurotox. 1994; 15 (3): 705–13.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics: Statement on childhood lead poisoning. Pediatr. 1987; 79: 457–465.
  • Burns JM, Baghurst P, Sawyer MG, McMichael AJ, Tong S. Lifetime low-level exposure to environmental lead and childrens emotional and behavioral development at ages 11-13 years. Am J Epidem. 1996; 149: 740–9.
  • Dwivedi SK, Dey S, Swarup D. Lead in blood and milk from urban Indian cattle and buffalo. Vet Hum Toxicol (United States). 1995; 37 (5): 471–2.
  • Dabeka RW, Makenzie AD. Lead, Cadmium and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formula in Canada. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1987;70(4) :754–7.
  • Dabeka RW, Mckenzie AD. Lead and cadmium levels in commercial infant foods and dietary intake by infants 0-1 yr old. Food Addit Contam. 1988;5 (3) :333–42.
  • Dabeka RW. Survey of lead, cadmium, cobalt and nickel in infant formulas and evaporated milks, and estimation of dietary intakes of the elements by infants 0-12 months old. Sci Total Environ. 1989; 89 (3): 279–89.
  • Gulson BL, Jameson CW, Mahaffey KR, et al. Relationships of lead in breast milk to lead in blood, urine, and diet of the infant and the mother. Environ Health Perspect. 1998; 106: 667–674.
  • Ettinger AS, Tlez-Rojo MM, Amarasiriwardena C, et al. Influence of maternal bone lead burden and calcium intake on levels of lead in breast milk over the course of lactation. Amer J Epidem. 2006;163 (1) :48–56.
  • Tellez-Rojo MM, Hernandez-Avila M, Gonzalez-Cossio T, et al. Impact of breastfeeding on the mobilization of lead from bone. Am J Epidem. 2002; 155: 4208.
  • Lozoff Bjimenez E,Wolf AW, et al. Higher infant blood lead levels with longer duration of breastfeeding. J Pediatr. 2009; 155 (5): 663–7.
  • Heard MJ. Chamberlain AC. Effect of minerals and food on uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract in humans. Hum Toxicol. 1982; 1: 41115.
  • Mushak P. New findings on sources and biokinetics of lead in human breast milk: mother's bone lead can target both nursing infant and fetus. Environ Health Perspect. 1998; 106: 629–631.
  • Chhabra P, Grover VL, Aggarwal OP, Dubey KK. Breastfeeding patterns in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi. Indian J Pediatr. 1998;65(6) :867–72.
  • Miller DT, Paschal DC, Gunter EW, Stround PE, D'Angelo J. Determination of lead in blood using electrothermal atomiza-tion atomic absorption spectrometry with an Lvov platform and matrix modifier. Analyst. 1987; 112: 1701–1704.
  • Nriagu JO, Blankson ML, Ocran K. Childhood lead poisoning in Africa: a growing public health problem. Sci Total Environ. 1996; 181: 93–100.
  • Shea Y, Rosen GF, Guo D, Wu S. Childhood lead poisoning in China. Sci Total Environ. 1996; 181: 101–9.
  • Lopez-Carillo L, Torres-Sanchez L, Garrido F, Papaqui-Hernan-dez J, Palazuelos-Rendon E, Lopez-Cervantes M. Prevalence and determinants of lead intoxication in Mexican children of low socio-economic status. Environ Health Perspect. 1996; 104: 1208–11.
  • Gogte ST, Basu N, Sinclair S, Ghai OP, Bhide NK. Blood lead levels of children with pica and surma use. Indian J Pediatr. 1991; 58: 513–9.
  • Nambi KSV, Raghunath R, Tripathi RM, Khandekar RN. Sce-nario of “Pb pollution and children” in Mumbai: current air quality standards vindicated. Ener Environ Monit. 1997; 13: 53–60.
  • Shenoi RP, Khandekar RN, Jaykar AV, Raghunath R. Sources of lead exposure in urban slums school children. Indian Pediatr. 1991; 28: 1021–7.
  • Kaul B. Lead exposure and iron deficiency among Jammu and New Delhi children. Indian J Pediatr. 1999; 66: 27–35.
  • Nitin B. Jain, HH. Childhood correlates of blood lead levels in Mumbai and Delhi. Environ Health Perspect. 2006; 114 (3): 466–470.
  • Patel AB, Williams SV, Frumkin H, Kondawar VK, Glick H, Ganju AK. Blood lead in children and its determinants in Nagpur, India. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2001; 7: 119–126.
  • Nichani V, Li WI, Smith MA, Noonan G, Kulkarni M, Kodavor M, Naeher LP. Blood lead levels in children after phase-out of leaded gasoline in Bombay, India. Sci Total Environ. 2006; 363 (1-3): 95-106. E-pub: 2005 Sep 19.
  • Warley MA, Blackledge P, O'Gorman P. Lead poisoning from eye cosmetics. Br J Ind Med. 1975; 23: 82–100.
  • Hall I, Khan C. Hazard of a traditional eye-cosmeticsurma. J Pak Med Assoc. 1982; 1: 7–8.
  • Sprinkle RV. Leaded eye cosmetics: a cultural cause of elevated lead levels in childrenj Fam Prac. 1995; 40: 358–62.
  • Abhay K Brush with toxics: an investigation on lead in house-hold paints in India. Toxics Link. Sep 2007. Available at: http://www.ipen.org/ipenweb/work/lead/brush%20with%20toxics_report.pdf.
  • Rabinowitz M, Leviton A, Bellinger D. Home refurnishing, lead paint, and infant blood lead levels. Am J Pub Health. 1985; 75 (4): 403–4.
  • Shannon M, Graef JW. Lead intoxication from lead-contaminated water used to reconstitute infant formula. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1989; 28: 380–382.
  • Fullmer CS. Intestinal calcium and lead absorption: effects of dietary lead and calcium. Environ Res. 1991;54:159 169.
  • Bloomberg J. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008; 371: 243–260.
  • National Center for Health Statistics. Phase 2, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. 1991-1993. Hyattsvile, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services. Machine readable public use data tapes, 1996.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.