REFERENCES
- Jette AM, Davis KD. A comparison of hospital-based and private outpatient physical therapy practices Phys Ther 1991;71:366–75
- McLain R, Weinstein J. Orthopaedic surgery. In: Wall P, Melzack R. (eds) Textbook of Pain, 4th edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
- Foster NE, Pincus T, Underwood M, Vogel S, Breen A, Harding G. Treatment and the process of care in musculoskeletal conditions: a multidisciplinary perspective and integration. Orthop Clin North Am 2003; 34:239–44
- Maitland G. Peripheral Manipulation, 3rd edn. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1991
- Gifford L. Pain, the tissues and the nervous system: a conceptual model. Physiotherapy 1998; 84:27–36
- Adams N, Field L. Pain management 1: psychological and social aspects of pain. Br J Nurs 2001; 10:903–91
- Cherkin E, Deyo RA, Berg AO. Evaluation of a physical intervention to improve primary care for low back pain. II impact on patients. Spine 1991; 16:1173–8
- Faas A, Chavannes AW, Van Eijk JEM, Gubbes JW A randomised placebo controlled trail of exercise therapy in patients with acute low back pain. Spine 1993; 18:1388–95
- Klaber Moffett J. Pain: perception and attitudes. In: Topical Issues in Pain 2, Physiotherapy Pain Association Yearbook. Adelaide: NOI Press, 2000
- Melzack R, Wall P. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 1965; 150:971–79
- Waddell G. A new clinical model for the treatment of low back pain. Spine 1987; 12:632–44
- French S. Physiotherapy A Psychosocial Approach, 2nd edn. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1997
- Cyriax J. Textbook of Orthopaedic Medicine, 8th edn. London: Ballière Tindall, 1982
- Gifford L. The ‘central’ mechanisms. In: Topical Issues in Pain, Physiotherapy Pain Association Yearbook 1998–1999. Adelaide: NOI Press, 1998
- Gartland G. Teaching the therapeutic relationship. Physiother Can 1984; 36:25–7
- Williams S, Harrison K. Physiotherapeutic interactions: a review of the power dynamic. Phys Ther Rev 1999; 4:37–50
- Deyo R, Walsh N, Schoenfeld L, Ramamurthy S. Can trials of physical treatments be blinded? Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1990; 69:6–11
- Simmonds M. Pain and the placebo in physiotherapy - a benevolent lie? Physiotherapy 2000; 86:631–7
- International Association for the Study of Pain (Subcommittee on Taxonomy). Pain terms: a list with definitions and notes on usage. Pain 1979;6:249–52
- Gifford L. Topical Issues in Pain 2, Physiotherapy Pain Association Yearbook 2000–2001. Adelaide: NOI Press, 2000
- Linton S. A review of psychological risk factors in back and neck pain. Spine 2000; 25:1148–56
- McCracken L, Gross R. Does anxiety affect coping with chronic pain? Clin J Pain 1993; 9:253–25
- Arntz A, Dreessen L, Merkelbach H. Attention, not anxiety, influences pain. Behav Res Ther 1991; 29:41–50
- Lundvik Gyllensten A, Gard G, Salford E, Ekdahl C. Interaction between patient and physiotherapist: a qualitative study reflecting the physiotherapists perspective. Physiother Res Int 1999; 4:89–109
- Nordholm L, Adamson B, Heard R. Australian physiotherapists’ and occupational therapists’ views on professional practice. J Allied Health 1994; 24:267–82
- Askew R, Kibelstis C, Overbaugh C, Walker S, Nixon-Cave K, Shepard K. Physical therapists’ perception of patients’ pain and its effect on management. Physiother Res Int 1998; 3:37–57
- Pincus T, Vlaeyen J, Kendall N, Von Korff M, Kalauokalani D, Reis S. Cognitive behavioural therapy and psychological factors in low back pain: directions for the future. Spine 2002; 27:E133–8
- Najman JM, Klein D, Munro C. Patient characteristics negatively stereotyped by doctors. Soc Sci Med 1982; 16:1781–9
- Gamsa A. The role of psychological factors in chronic pain. II. A critical appraisal. Pain 1994; 57:17–29
- Payton O, Nelson C, St Clair Hobbs M. Physical therapy patients’ perceptions of their relationships with health care professionals. Physiother Theory Pract 1998; 14:211–21
- Bassett S, Tango S. Maori people’s experiences of being physiotherapy patients: a phenomenological study. N Z J Physiother 2002; 30:30–40
- French S. Pain: some psychological and sociological aspects. Physiotherapy 1989; 75:255–60
- Charman R. Pain theory and physiotherapy. Physiotherapy 1989; 75:247–60
- Shapiro A, Shapiro E. The Powerful Placebo. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1997
- Mengshoel A. Physiotherapy and the placebo effect. Phys Ther Rev 2000; 5:161–5
- Spiro H. Doctors, Patients and Placebos. London: Yale University Press, 1986
- Walker A. Patient compliance and the placebo effect. Physiotherapy 1995; 81:120–6
- Di Blasi Z, Harkness E, Ernst E, Georgiou A, Kleijnen J. Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2001; 357:757–62
- Klaber-Moffett J, Richardson P. The influence of the physiotherapist-patient relationship on pain and disability. Physiother Theory Pract 1997; 13:89–9
- Gard G, Lundvik Gyllensten A. The importance for emotions in physiotherapeutic practice. Phys Ther Rev 2000; 5:155–60
- Hicks C. Research for Physiotherapists Project Design and Analysis, 3rd edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1995
- Sim J, Wright C. Research in Health Care, Concepts, Designs and Methods. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes, 2000
- Deleted at proof
- Melzack R, Katz J. Pain measurement in persons in pain. In: Wall P, Melzack R. (eds) Textbook of Pain, 4th edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1999
- Whitcher S, Fisher J. Multidimensional reaction to therapeutic touch in the hospital setting. JPers Soc Psychol 1979; 7:87–96
- Eggar M, Zellweger-Zahner T, Schneider M, Junker C, Lengeler C, Antes G. Language bias in randomised controlled trials published in English and German. Lancet 1997; 350:326–9
- McCullough F. Alterations of musculoskeletal function in children. In: McCance K, Huether S. (eds) Pathophysiology - the biologic basis for disease in adults and children, 3rd edn. New York: Mosby, 1998
- Solomon L, Warwick D, Nayagam S. Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, 8th edn. London: Arnold, 2001
- Leo J, Huether S. Pain, temperature regulation, sleep, and sensory function. In: McCance K, Huether S. (eds) Pathophysiology - the biologic basis for disease in adults and children, 3rd edn. New York: Mosby, 1998
- Watson G, Chandarana P, Merskey H. Relationships between pain and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1981; 138:33–6
- Carr J, Shepherd R. Neurological Rehabilitation - Optimizing Motor Performance. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998
- Bury T. Evidence-based healthcare explained. In: Bury T, Mead J. (eds) Evidence Based Healthcare - A practical guide for therapists. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998
- McAteer M. Death dying and bereavement. In: French S. (ed) Physiotherapy: A Psychosocial Approach, 2nd edn. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1997
- McManus R, Wilson S, Delaney B, et al. Review of the usefulness of contacting other experts when conducting a literature search for systematic reviews BMJ1998;317:1562–3
- Clarke M, Oxman A. eds Cochrane Reviewers Handbook 4.1.5 [updated April 2002 ]. The Cochrane Library 2002; Issue 2
- Fink A. Conducting Research Literature Reviews: from paper to the internet. London: Sage, 1998
- Khan K, Kleijnen J. Data extraction and monitoring progress In: Khan K, Riet G, Glanville J, Sowden A, Kleijnen J. (eds) Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness - centre for review and dissemination’s guidance for those carrying out or commissioning reviews. York: York Publishing Services, 2001
- Moore A, McQuay H, Gray J. Evidence-based everything. Bandolier 1995; 1: 1
- Kleijnen J, de Craen A, van Everdingen J, Krol L. Placebo effect in double-blind clinical trials: a review of interactions with medications Lancet 1994;344:1347–9
- Jüni P, Altman D, Egger M. Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials BMJ 2001;323:42–6
- Moher D, Jadad A, Nichol G, Penman M, Tugwell P, Walsh S. Assessing the quality of randomised controlled trials: an annotated bibliography of scales and checklists. Control Clin Trials 2001; 16:62–73
- Austan F, Polise M, Schultz T. The use of verbal expectancy in reducing pain associated with arteriotomies. Am J Clin Hypn 1997; 39:182–6
- Staats P, Hekmat H, Staats A. Suggestion/placebo effects on pain: negative as well as positive. J Pain Symptom Manage 1998; 15:235–43
- Jaremko M, Crusco A, Lau G. Effects of public description on the detection and tolerance of laboratory pain. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1983; 14:43–8
- Linton S, Götenstam K. Controlling pain reports through operant conditioning: a laboratory demonstration. Percept Mot Skills 1985; 60:427–37
- Lousberg R, Groenman N, Schmidt A, Gielen A. Operant conditioning of the pain experience. Percept Mot Skills 1996; 83:883–900
- Flor H, Knost B, Birbaumer N. The role of operant conditioning in chronic pain: an experimental investigation. Pain 2002; 95:111–8
- Hayes S, Wolf M. Cues, consequences and therapeutic talk: effects of social context and coping statements on pain. Behav Res Ther 1984; 22:385–92
- Holmes J, Hekmat H, Mozingo B. Cognitive and behavioural regulation of pain: the facilitative effects of analgesic suggestions. Psychol Record 1983; 33:151–9
- Price D, McGrath P, Rafii A, Buckingham B. The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain 1983; 17:45–56
- McCaffrey M. Nursing the Patient in Pain, 2nd edn. London: Harper and Row, 1983
- Harding V, de Williams C. Extending physiotherapy skills using a psychological approach: cognitive-behavioural management of chronic pain. Physiotherapy 1995; 81:681–8