- The authors met because of a mutual concern with tertiary education praxis. They then discovered a shared interest in sustainable cultural tourism. Peter's interest stems from his early studies of the impact of tourism on heritage places while Brian's comes from a general involvement in cultural heritage management, as well as from the experience derived from directing the Port Arthur Conservation and Development Project. They decided that the Port Arthur Historic Site would be a suitable place to explore concepts, apply indicators and develop frameworks for sustainability, tourism and cultural heritage. This decision was based upon the long history of site planning and the volume of material available on the operations of the historic site. An earlier version of this paper tided ‘Sustainable cultural tourism: is it a concept that can be made to work?’ was presented at the Sustainable Heritage Conference organized by the Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland Government in 2000.
- The British Library, the Library of Congress, Amazon.co.uk.
- Van der Borg, C.J.P. and Gotti, G. Tourism in European heritage cities. Annals of Tourism Research 23 (2) (1996) 306–321.
- Reynolds, P.C. Food and tourism: towards an understanding of sustainable culture. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 1 (1) (1993) 48–54
- Fyall, A. and Garrod, B. Heritage tourism: at what price? Managing Leisure 3 (4) (1998) 213–228.
- Paterson, R. Protecting Taonga: the cultural heritage of the New Zealand Maori. International Journal of Cultural Property 8 (1) (1999) 108–132.
- Michael, E. Antiques and tourism in Australia. Tourism Management 23 (2) (2002) 117–125.
- An example of the emphasis on the sustainability of tourism rather than heritage is found in the title of Successful Tourism at Heritage Places: a Guide for Tourism Operators, Heritage Managers and Communities. Australian Heritage Commission and the Department of Industry, Science and Resources (2001).
- Barke, M. and Newton, M. Promoting sustainable tourism in an urban context: recent developments in Malaga City, Andalusia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 3 (3) (1995) 115–134.
- Hunter, C. Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research 24 (4) (1997) 850–867.
- Mowforth, M. and Moat, I. Tourism and Sustainability: New Tourism in the Third World. Routledge, London (1998).
- Fraser, I. and Chisholm, T. Conservation or cultural heritage? Cattle grazing in the Victoria Alpine National Park. Ecological Economics 33 (1) (2000) 63–75.
- Stanton, P.J. and Stanton, P.A. Governmental accounting for heritage assets: economic, social implications. International Journal of Social Economics 24 (7/8/9) (1997) 988–1006.
- Clark, K. Sustainable development and the historic environment. In: Swain, H. (ed.) Rescuing the Historic Environment. Archaeology, the Green Movement and Conservation Strategy for the British Landscape. Proceedings of a conference held at Leicester University, January 1993, Rescue, Hertford (1993)
- Sustaining the Historic Environment: New Perspectives on the Future. An English Heritage Discussion Document (for comment by October 1997).
- The use of 'characterisation' would seem to offer a different approach to that advocated in the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter for the Conservation of Historic Places (1999) with its emphasis upon determining the ‘significance’ of a place and managing for those values.
- National Parks and Wildlife Service. Port Arthur Management Plan. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hobart, Tasmania (1975). Young, D. Making Crime Pay: the Evolution of Convict Tourism in Tasmania. Tasmanian Historical Research Association, Sandy Bay, Tasmania (1996) describes a century of tourism to Port Arthur and the efforts made by various Tasmanian agencies to use the attraction of the place to gain revenue that was then allocated to projects outside of Port Arthur, such as local road building.
- Weidenhofer, M. Port Arthur: a Place of Misery. Oxford University Press, Melbourne (1981).
- Egloff, B.J. The Port Arthur Story: 1979 to 1986. Being a True and Accurate Account in Brief of the Port Arthur Conservation and Development Project. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hobart, Tasmania (1986).
- National Parks and Wildlife Service. Port Arthur Historic Site Draft Management Plan. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hobart, Tasmania (1982).
- Egloff, B. and Morrison, R. Here ends, I trust forever, my acquaintance with Port Arthur; the archaeology of William Smith O'Brien's cottage. Australasian Historical Archaeology 19 (2001) 14-21. This article points out the changing circumstances of a structure that was built as a stables, then converted into a cottage for a political prisoner. When it was no longer required for that purpose it was converted into a hospital for officers, then a Carnarvon-era residence, a youth hostel and today it serves as an interpretation centre for the life and times of O'Brien at Port Arthur.
- National Parks and Wildlife Service. Port Arthur Historic Site Management Plan. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hobart, Tasmania (1985).
- Special Investigation into Administrative Processes Associated with Preservation and Maintenance of the Port Arthur Historic Site. Auditor-General Special Report No. 21, No. 5 of 1997. Government Printer, Tasmania (1997).
- Auditor-General [23] (1997) 2.
- Casella, E.C. To enshrine their spirits in the world: heritage and grief at Port Arthur, Tasmania. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 2 (2) (1997) 65-80. See also, Allison, B. and Scott, D. In the wake of the tragedy, Port Arthur. Museum National 5 (3) (1997) 1–8.
- Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority. Draft Port Arthur Historic Site Management Plan 1996 (Amending the Port Arthur Historic Site Management Plan 1985). National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hobart, Tasmania (1996).
- Philip Lighton Architects. Port Arthur Historic Site Design Statement (1996).
- Shirley Spectra. Evening Experience Story Outline - Take 2. Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority (1996).
- Advice was provided by the Australian Heritage Commission in April of 1997 after the management plan had been amended and the development of the car park and visitors' centre had commenced (see also [23] Attachment 3).
- Doyle, M. Report of the Special Commissioner for Port Arthur, Mr Max Doyle, into matters affecting the Port Arthur Historic Site and other associated matters. Unpublished report (1997).
- The Doyle report and the report by the Auditor-General offer informative and at times conflicting perspectives of the operations of the Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority.
- Godcien and Mackay Pty Ltd and Context Pty Ltd. Port Arthur Conservation Plan, Overview Report and
- A comprehensive archaeological survey of the historic site has not been undertaken. This part of the site was particularly sensitive, as apparently it had not undergone any major modification since
- Godden and Mackay Pty Ltd and Context Pty Ltd [32] (2000) 2, 177–178.
- Sullivan, S. 'By the pricking of my thumbs' - ghost tours at Port Arthur. Islands of Vanishment, Port Arthur Historic Site, Programme and Abstracts, 7-10 June. Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority (2002) 100. See also, http://www.portarthur.org.au/.
- Morrison, R. An archaeological appreciation of Port Arthur aesthetics. Islands of Vanishment, Port Arthur Historic Site, Programme and Abstracts, 7-10 June. Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority (2002) 76. See also, Clark, J. and Viney, C. Gardens of Exile. Port Arthur Historic Site· Management Authority (2002).
- Egloff, J. Port Arthur: a nineteenth century landscape. Landscape Australia 2 (1988) 148–156 and 3 (1988) 221–224.
- The plan for the development of a Visitors' Centre and car park at the Scorpion Rock location outside of the viewscape as specified in the 1985 management plan, gives a project cost of Aus$1,545,000. This figure was considerably less than the Aus$5 million expended upon the 1996 development.
- Pearson, M., Johnston, D., Lennon, J., McBryde, I., Marshall, D., Nash, D. and Wellington, B. Environmental Indicators for National State of the Environment Reporting: Natural and Cultural Heritage. State of the Environment and Environment Australia, Canberra (1998) 4.
- The Proposed Visitor Centre, Port Arthur Historic Site. Department of Parks, Wildlife Be Heritage (1990) 26–27.
- National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970 (Tasmania), Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority Act 1987 (Tasmania), Government Business Enterprises Act 1995 (Tasmania), Tasmanian Historical Cultural Heritage Act 1995 (Tasmania) and, by virtue of the Port Arthur Historic Site being listed on the Register of National Estate, the Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975 (Commonwealth).
- Lennon, J., Pearson, M., Marshall, D., Sullivan, S., McConville, P. Nicholls, W. and Johnston, D. Natural and cultural heritage. Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 Theme Report. CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the· Department of Environment and Heritage, Canberra (2001) 1.
- Australia's Convict Sites, Nomination by the Government of Australia for Inscription on the World Heritage List (1999) 11–12.
- Ferguson, I., Adams, M., Brown, M., Cork, S., Egloff, B. and Wilkinson, G. Assessment of Ecologically Sustainable Forest Management in the South-West Region of Western Australia, Report of the Independent Expert Advisory Group. Commonwealth and Western Australia Regional Forest Agreement (RFA) Steering Committee (1997).
- Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Sites of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter). Australia ICOMOS (revised 1999).
- Auditor-General Special Report (1997) [23] 38.
Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites
Volume 7, 2005 - Issue 1