Multiscale characterisation of weldments

References

• in ‘ASM handbook’, Vol. 9, ‘Metallography and microstructures’, (ed. Vander Voort G); 2004, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• Babu SS, David SA, Sarma G, Reed RW, Shishilla LS, Fields P: ‘Laser welding initiative’, Unpublished report, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Barabash OM, Babu SS, David SA, Vitek JM, Barabash RI, ‘Deformation in the heat affected zone during spot welding of a nickel‐based single crystal’, J. Appl. Phys., 2003, 94, (1), 738–742.
   Google Scholar
• Klueh RL, Leitnaker JM: ‘Analysis of decarburization and aging processes in 2 1/4Cr–1Mo steel’, Metall. Trans. A, 1975, 6A, 2089–2093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David SA: ‘Ferrite morphology and variations in ferrite content in austenitic stainless steel welds’, Weld. J., 1981, 4, 63s–71s.
   Google Scholar
• Kral MV, Spanos G: ‘Three‐dimensional analyses and classification of grain‐boundary‐nucleated pro‐eutectoid ferrite plates’, Metall. Mater. Trans A, 2005, 36A, 1199–1207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall AC, Robino CV: ‘Association of microstructural features and rippling phenomenon in 304 stainless steel gas tungsten arc welds’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2004, 9, 103–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi R, David SA, Eshelmen MA, Vitek JM, Babu SS, Hong T, DebRoy T: ‘In‐situ observations of weld pool solidification using transparent metal‐analog systems’, J. Appl. Phys., 2003, 93, 4885–4895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terasaki H, Komizo Y: ‘In‐situ observation of morphological development for acicular ferrite in weld metal’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2006, 11, 561–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang D, Terasaki H, Komizo Y: ‘In situ observation of the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite at non‐metallic inclusions in C–Mn steel’, Acta Mater., 2010, 58, 1369–1378.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komizo Y, Terasaki H: ‘Optical observation of real materials using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Part 1: techniques and observed examples of microstructural changes’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., to be published.
   Google Scholar
• Vitek JM, David SA, Sikka VK: ‘Examination of type‐308 and type 308‐CRE stainless steels after interrupted creep testing,’ Weld. J., 1992, 71, 421s–435s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz AJ, Kumar M, Adams BL (eds.): ‘Electron backscattered diffraction in materials science’; 2000, New York, Kluwer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vitek JM, Babu SS, Park JW, David SA‘Analysis of stray grain formation in single‐crystal nickel‐based superalloy welds’ Proc. Conf. Superalloys 2004, Green K A, et al..), 459–465; 2004, Pittsburgh, PA, TMS.
   Google Scholar
• Park JW, Vitek JM, Babu SS, David SA: ‘Stray grain formation, thermomechanical stress and solidification cracking in single crystal nickel base superalloy welds’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2004, 9, 472–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson TD, Dupont JN, DebRoy T: ‘Strain grain formation in welds of single‐crystal Ni‐base superalloy CMSX‐4’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, 41A, 181–193.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson TD, Dupont JN, DebRoy T: ‘Origin of stray grain formation in single‐crystal superalloy weld pools from heat transfer and fluid flow modeling’, Acta Mater., 2010, 58, 1441–1454.
   Google Scholar
• Lim YC, Xu X, Cho JH, Farson DF, Babu SS, McCracken S, Flesner B: ‘Effect of magnetic stirring on grain structure refinement. Part 1: Autogenous nickel alloy welds’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2010, 15, 400–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim YC, Xu X, Cho JH, Farson DF, Babu SS, McCracken S, Flesner B, ‘Effect of magnetic stirring on grain structure refinement. Part 2: nickel alloy weld overlays’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2010, 15, 583–589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehockey EM, Lin Y.‐P, Lepnik OE‘Mapping residual strain in materials using electron backscatter diffraction’ in ‘Electron backscattered diffraction in materials science,’ (ed. , Schwartz A J, et al..), 247–264; 2000, New York, Kluwer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson AJ‘Measuring strains using electron backscatter diffraction’ in ‘Electron backscattered diffraction in materials science’ (ed. , Schwartz A J, et al..), 231–246; 2000, New York, Kluwer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Collins MG, Ramirez AJ, Lippold JC: ‘An investigation of ductility‐dip cracking in nickel‐based weld metals. Part III’, Weld. J., 2004, 83, 39s–49s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissley NE, Lippold JC: ‘Ductility‐dip cracking susceptibility of nickel based weld metals. Part 2: microstructural characterization’, Weld. J., 2009, 88, 131s–140s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto M, Koga S, Abe N, Sato YS, Kokawa H: ‘Microstructural analysis of stir zone of Al alloy produced by friction stir spot welding’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2008, 13, 663–670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S, Wang ZJ, Kokawa H, Sato YS: ‘Grain boundary engineering of 304 austenitic stainless steel by laser surface melting and annealing’, J. Mater. Sci., 2007, 42, 847–853.
   Google Scholar
• Michiuchi M, Kokawa H, Wang ZJ, Sato YS, Sakai K, ‘Twin‐induced grain boundary engineering for 316 austenitic stainless steel’, Acta Mater., 2006, 54, 5179–5184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres EA, Ramirez AJ: ‘In situ scanning electron microscopy’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., to be published.
   Google Scholar
• Vitek JM, David SA: ‘The solidification and aging behavior of types 308 and 308CRE stainless steel welds’, Weld. J., 1984, 63, 246s–253s.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David SA, Goodwin GM, Braski DN: ‘Solidification behavior of austenitic stainless steel filler metals’, Weld. J., 1979, 58, 330s–336s.
   Google Scholar
• Vitek JM, David SA: ‘Use of analytical electron microscopy in evaluating ferrite stability in austenitic stainless steel welds’, in ‘Microbeam analysis – 1986’, (ed. , Romig A D, Chambers W F), 53–56; 1986, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vitek JM, David SA: ‘Time‐dependent composition behavior of precipitates in aged stainless steels’, in ‘Analytical electron microscopy – 1987’, (ed. , Joy D C), 21–24; 1987, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco Press.
   Google Scholar
• Narayanan BK, Kovarik L, Quintana MA, Mills MJ, ‘Characterization of ferritic weld microstructures using various electron microscopy techniques: a review,’ Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., to be published.
   Google Scholar
• Miller MK, Smith GDW, ‘Atom probe microanalysis, principles and applications to materials problems’; 1989, Pittsburgh, PA, Materials Research Society.
   Google Scholar
• Miller MK, Cerezo A, Hetherington MG, Smith GDW: ‘Atom probe field ion microscopy’, in ‘Monographs on the physics and chemistry of materials’,Vol. 52; 1996, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly TF, Miller MK: ‘Invited review article – atom probe tomography’, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2007, 78, 031101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Josefsson B, Andren HO: ‘Atom probe field‐ion microscopy of bainitic transformation in 2·25Cr–1Mo weld metal’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1991, 7, 849–851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandrasekariah MN, Dubben G, Kolster BH: ‘An atom probe study of retained austenite in ferritic weld metal’, Weld. J., 1992, 71, 247s–251s.
   Google Scholar
• Cai GJ, Lundin L, Andren HO, Svensson L.‐E: ‘Atom probe investigation of precipitation in 12% Cr steel weld metals’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 1994, 76, 248–254.
   Google Scholar
• Andren HO, Cai GJ, Svensson L.‐E: ‘Microstructure of heat‐resistance chromium steel weld metals’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 1995, 87–88, 200–206.
   Google Scholar
• Babu SS, David SA, Vitek JM, David SA: ‘Phase stability and atom probe field ion microscopy of type 308CRE stainless steel weld metal’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, 27A, 763–774.
   Google Scholar
• Miller MK, Jayaram R, Russell KF: ‘Characterization of phosphorous segregation in neutron‐irradiated Russian pressure vessel steel weld’, J. Nucl. Mater., 1995, 225, 215–224.
   Google Scholar
• David SA, Vitek JM, Babu SS, Boatner LA, Reed RW: ‘Welding of nickel base superalloy single crystals’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 1997, 2, 79–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu SS: ‘Thermodynamic and kinetics models for describing microstructure evolution during joining of advanced materials’, Int. Mater. Rev., 2009, 54, 333–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y: ‘Investigation of magnetic pulse welding on lap joint of similar and dissimilar materials’, PhD thesis, Columbus, OH, USA, The Ohio State University, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Keehan E, Andren HO, Karlsson L, Murugananth M, Bhadeshia HKDH‘Microstructure and mechanical effects of nickel and manganese on high strength steel weld metals’ Proc. Conf. on ‘Trends in welding research’ (ed., David S A, et al..), 695–700; 2003, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• Efstathiou C, Sehitoglu H: ‘Strengthening Hadfield steel welds by nitrogen alloying’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, A506, 174–179.
   Google Scholar
• Albert SK, Kondo M, Tabuchi M, Yin F, Sawada K, Abe F: ‘Improving the creep properties of 9Cr–3W–3Co–NbV steels and their weld joints by the addition of boron’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, 36A, 333–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu WF, Liu JH, Zhu HQ: ‘Pitting corrosion of friction stir welded aluminum alloy thick plate in alkaline chloride solution’, Electrochim. Acta, 2010, 55, 2918–2923.
   Google Scholar
• Corwin WR, Rosinski ST, van Walle (eds.) E: ‘Small specimen test techniques’, ASTM STP 1329, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Quintana MA, Babu SS, Major J, Dallam C: ‘Weld metal toughness – sources of variations’, Proc. 8th Int. Pipeline Conf., September–October 2010, Calgary, AB, Canada, Paper #IPC2010-31402.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkowski G, Rudland D, Shim DJ, Brust FW, Babu SS: ‘Advanced integration of multi‐scale mechanics and welding process simulation in weld integrity assessment’, Final technical report, DOE award no. DE‐FC36‐04GO14040, June 2008, p. 18.
   Google Scholar
• Haggag FM: ‘In‐service nondestructive measurements of stress–strain curves and fracture toughness of oil and gas pipelines: examples of fitness‐for‐purpose applications’, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on ‘Pipeline rehabilitation and maintenance’; 2002, Manama, Det Norske Veritas.
   Google Scholar
• Vitek JM, David SA, Alexander DJ, Keiser JR, Nanstad RK: ‘Low temperature aging behavior of type 308 stainless steel weld metal’, Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, 39, 503–516.
   Google Scholar
• Uchic MD, Dimiduk DA: ‘A methodology to investigate size scale effects in crystalline plasticity using uniaxial compression testing’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, A400, 268–278.
   Google Scholar
• Legors M, Gianola DS, Motz C, ‘Quantitative in situ mechanical testing in electron microscopes’, MRS Bull., 2010, 35, 354–360.
   Google Scholar