Static shear strength and fatigue life of refill friction stir spot welded AA 6061-T6 sheets

References

• Agarwal H., Gokhale A. M., Graham S. and Horstemeyer M. F.: ‘Void growth in 6061-aluminum alloy under triaxial stress state’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, A341, 35–42.
   Google Scholar
• Ambriz R. R.,, Mesmacque G., Ruiz A., Amrouche A., Lopez V. H. and Benseddiq N.: ‘Fatigue crack growth under a constant amplitude loading of Al-6061-T6 welds obtained by modified indirect electric arc technique’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2010, 15, 514–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briskham P., Blundell N., Han L., Hewitt R. and Young K.: ‘Comparison of self-pierce riveting, resistance spot welding and spot friction joining for aluminium automotive sheet’, SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0774, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Thomas W. M., Nicholas E. D., Needham J. C., Murch M. G., Temple-Smith P. and Dawes C. J.: ‘Friction stir welding’, International Patent Application no. PCT/GB92/02203 and Great Britain Patent Application no. 9125978·8, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Dawes C. J. and Thomas W. M.: ‘Friction stir process welds aluminum alloys’, Weld. J., 1996, 75, 41–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazda media release: ‘Mazda develops world’s first aluminum joining technology using friction heat’, 2003, http://www.mazda.com/publicity/release/0227e.html
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Z., Yang X., Zhang J., Zhou G., Xu X. and Zou B.: ‘Effect of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir spot welded 5052 aluminum alloy’, Mater. Des., 2011, 32, 4461–4470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y. F., Fujii H., Takaki N. and Okitsu Y.: ‘Microstructure and mechanical properties of mild steel joints prepared by a flat friction stir spot welding technique’, Mater. Des., 2012, 37, 384–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan M. I., Kuntz M. L., Su P., Gerlich A., North T. H. and Zhou Y.: ‘Resistance and friction stir spot welding of DP600: a comparative study’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2007, 12, 175–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y. F., Fujii H., Takaki N. and Okitsu Y.: ‘Novel spot friction stir welding of 6061 and 5052 Al alloys’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2011, 15, 605–612.
   Google Scholar
• Lathabai S., Painter M. J., Cantin G. M. D. and Tyagi V. K.: ‘Friction spot joining of an extruded Al–Mg–Si alloy’, Scr. Mater., 2006, 55, 899–902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerlich A., Yamamoto M. and North T. H.: ‘Strain rates and grain growth in Al 5754 and Al 6061 friction stir spot welds’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, 38A, 1291–1302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwashita T.: ‘Method and apparatus for joining’, US Patent no. 6601751 B2, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Shen Z., Yang X., Zhang Z., Cui L. and Li T.: ‘Microstructure and failure mechanisms of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminum alloy joints’, Mater. Des., 2013, 44, 476–486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uematsu Y., Tokaji K., Tozaki Y., Kurita T. and Murata S.: ‘Effect of re-filling probe hole on tensile failure and fatigue behavior of friction stir spot welded joints in Al–Mg–Si alloy’, Int. J. Fatigue, 2008, 30, 1956–1966.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z., Yang X., Yang S., Zhang Z. and Yin Y.: ‘Microstructure and Mechanical properties of friction spot welded 6061-T4 aluminum alloy’, Mater. Des., 2014, 54, 766–778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L., Liu D., Nakata K., Tsumura T., Fujii H., Ikeuchi K., Michishita Y., Michishita Y., Fujiya Y. and Morimoto M.: ‘New technique of self-refilling friction stir welding to repair keyhole’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2012, 17, 649–655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilling C. and Dos Santos J.: ‘Method and Device for Joining at Least Two Adjoining Work Pieces by Friction Welding’, US patent no. 0179682, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Tier M. D., Rosendo T. S., dosSantos J. F., Huber N., Mazzaferro J. A., Mazzaferro C. P. and Strohaecker T. R.: ‘The influence of refill FSSW parameters on the microstructure and shear strength of 5042 aluminium welds’, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2013, 213, 997–1005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox S. L.: ‘Refill friction stir spot weld repair of a fatigue crack. Research experience for undergraduates’; 2010, Rapid City, SD, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury S. H., Chen D. L., Bhole S. D., Cao X. and Wanjara P.: ‘Lap shear strength and fatigue life of friction stir spot welded AZ31magnesium and 5754 aluminum alloys’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, A556, 500–509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin P.-C., Su Z.-M., He R.-Y. and Lin Z.-L.: ‘Failure modes and fatigue life estimations of spot friction welds in cross-tension specimens of aluminum 6061-T6 sheets’, Int. J. Fatigue, 2012, 38, 25–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran V.-X., Pan J. and Pan T.: ‘Fatigue behavior of aluminum 5754-O and 6111-T4 spot friction welds in lap-shear specimens’, Int. J. Fatigue, 2008, 30, 2175–2190.
   Google Scholar
• Hassanifard S., Mohammadpour M. and Rashid H. A.: ‘A novel method for improving fatigue life of friction stir spot welded joints using localized plasticity’, Mater. Des., 2014, 53, 962–971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y. X., Han B., Lv S. X., Feng J. C., Liu H. J., Leng J. S. and Li Y.: ‘Interface behaviours and mechanical properties of filling friction stir weld joining AA 2219’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2012, 17, 225–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y. X., Han B., Tian Y., Liu H. J., Lv S. X., Feng J. C., Leng J. S. and Li Y.: ‘New technique of filling friction stir welding’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2011, 16, 497–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthukumaran S.: ‘An improved friction forming process and a friction forming machine with a tool and fixture’, Indian Patent Application no. 137/KOL/06 (filed on 16 February 2006), Patent No. 242420 (granted on 27 August 2010).
   Google Scholar
• John Prakash S. and Muthukumaran S.: ‘Refilling probe hole of friction spot joints by friction forming’, Mater. Manuf. Processes, 2011, 26, 1539–1545.
   Google Scholar
• Specimens dimensions and procedure for shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welded joints’, JIS Z 3136, Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo, Japan, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Rosendo T., Parra B., Tier M. A. D., da Silva A. A. M., dos Santos J. F. and Strohaecker T. R.: ‘Mechanical and microstructural investigation of friction spot welded AA6181-T4 aluminium alloy’, Mater. Des., 2011, 32, 1094–1100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimoto M., Koga S., Abe N., Sato Y. S. and Kokawa H.: ‘Microstructural analysis of stir zone of Al alloy produced by friction stir spot welding’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2008, 13, 663–670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D.-A. and Lee S.-C.: ‘Microstructures and failure mechanisms of friction stir spot welds of aluminum 6061-T6 sheets’, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 186, 291–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murr L. E., Liu G. and McClure J. C.: ‘A TEM study of precipitation and related microstructures in friction-stir-welded 6061 aluminum’, J. Mater. Sci., 1998, 33, 1243–1251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar