References
- Holmstedt CA, Turan TN, Chimowitz MI. Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:1106–14.
- Ryu CW, Kwak HS, Jahng GH, Lee HN. High-resolution MRI of intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Neurointervention. 2014;9:9–20.
- Pu Y, Liu L, Wang Y, Zou X, Pan Y, Soo Y, et al. Geographic and sex difference in the distribution of intracranial atherosclerosis in China. Stroke. 2013;44:2109–14.
- Rincon F, Sacco RL, Kranwinkel G, Xu Q, Paik MC, Boden-Albala B, et al. Incidence and risk factors of intracranial atherosclerotic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;28:65–71.
- Turan TN, Maidan L, Cotsonis G, Lynn MJ, Romano JG, Levine SR, et al. Failure of antithrombotic therapy and risk of stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. Stroke. 2009;40:505–9.
- Chen XY, Wong KS, Lam WW, Zhao HL, Ng HK. Middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis: histological comparison between plaques associated with and not associated with infarct in a postmortem study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25:74–80.
- Chung GH, Kwak HS, Hwang SB, Jin GY. High resolution MR imaging in patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:4069–74.
- Ryu CW, Jahng GH, Kim EJ, Choi WS, Yang DM. High resolution wall and lumen MRI of the middle cerebral arteries at 3 Tesla. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27:433–42.
- Shi MC, Wang SC, Zhou HW, Xing YQ, Cheng YH, Feng JC, et al. Compensatory remodeling in symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic stenosis: a high-resolution MRI and microemboli monitoring study. Neurol Res. 2012;34:153–8.
- Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B, Saam T, Underhill H, Cai J, et al. Association between carotid plaque characteristics and subsequent ischemic cerebrovascular events: a prospective assessment with MRI – initial results. Stroke. 2006;37:818–23.
- Demarco JK, Ota H, Underhill HR, Zhu DC, Reeves MJ, Potchen MJ, et al. MR carotid plaque imaging and contrast-enhanced MR angiography identifies lesions associated with recent ipsilateral thromboembolic symptoms: an in vivo study at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31:1395–402.
- Zarins CK, Giddens DP, Bharadvaj BK, Sottiurai VS, Mabon RF, Glagov S. Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress. Circ Res. 1983;53:502–14.
- Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens DP, Ku DN. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988;112:1018–31.
- Xu WH, Li ML, Gao S, Ni J, Zhou LX, Yao M, et al. Plaque distribution of stenotic middle cerebral artery and its clinical relevance. Stroke. 2011;42:2957–9.
- Shimada Y, Courtney BK, Nakamura M, Hongo Y, Sonoda S, Hassan AH, et al. Intravascular ultrasonic analysis of atherosclerotic vessel remodeling and plaque distribution of stenotic left anterior descending coronary arterial bifurcation lesions upstream and downstream of the side branch. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98:193–6.
- Li T, Zhao X, Liu X, Gao J, Zhao S, Li X, et al. Evaluation of the early enhancement of coronary atherosclerotic plaque by contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80:136–42.
- Huang B, Yang WQ, Liu XT, Liu HJ, Li PJ, Lu HK. Basilar artery atherosclerotic plaques distribution in symptomatic patients: a 3.0T high-resolution MRI study. Eur J Radiol. 2013;82:e199–e203.
- Howard DP, van Lammeren GW, Rothwell PM, Redgrave JN, Moll FL, deVries JP, et al. Symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease: correlations between plaque composition and ipsilateral stroke risk. Stroke. 2015;46:182–9.
- Sui B, Gao P, Lin Y, Jing L, Qin H, Wang T, et al. Association of plaque compositions and stenosis patterns in carotid bifurcation using MR imaging. Neurol Res. 2012;34:366–72.
- Xu WH, Li ML, Gao S, Ni J, Yao M, Zhou LX, et al. Middle cerebral artery intraplaque hemorrhage: prevalence and clinical relevance. Ann Neurol. 2012;71:195–8.