Examining the Influence of Athletic Participation in Evaluation of Entry-Level Positions In Financial Services: An Application of Role Congruity Theory

References

• Ashforth, B. E. (2001). Role transitions in organizational life: An identity-based perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Birrell, S. J. (1988). Discourses on the gender/sport relationship: From women in sport to gender relations. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 16, 459–502.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, L. J., Grappendorf, H., Henderson, A. C., Field, G. B., & Dennis, J. A. (2008). The relevance of intercollegiate athletic participation for men and women: Examination of hiring preferences to entry level management positions based on role congruity theory. International Journal of Sport Management, 9, 175–192.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, D., & Neuman, J. H. (1992). The implications of attraction research for organizational issues. Advances in Psychology, 82, 29–70.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, S. J. (2001). Implicit gender attitudes. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9991131).
   Google Scholar
• Catalyst (2013). Women in U.S. Finance. Retrieved from http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/women-us-finance.
   Google Scholar
• Cejka, M. A., & Eagly, A. H. (1999). Gender stereotypic images of occupations correspond to the sex segregation of employment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 413–423
   Google Scholar
• Cole, M. S., Feild, H. S., & Giles, W. F. (2003). What can we uncover about applicants based on their résumés? A field study. Applied Human Resource Management Research, 8(2), 51–62.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, M. S., Feild, H. S., & Giles, W. F. (2004). Interaction of recruiter and applicant gender in résumé evaluation: A field study. Sex Roles, 51, 597–608.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, M. J. & Burke, R. J. (2000), “Sex discrimination in simulated employment contexts:A meta-analytic investigation”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 225–248.
   Google Scholar
• DeWall, C. N., Altermatt, T. W., & Thompson, H. (2005). Understanding the structure of stereotypes of women: Virtue and agency as dimensions distinguishing female subgroups. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 396–405.
   Google Scholar
• Duehr, E. E., & Bono, J. E. (2006). Men, women, and managers: Are stereotypes finally changing? Personnel Psychology, 59, 815–846.
   Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109, 573–598.
   Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., Wood, W., & Diekman, A. B. (2000). Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: A current appraisal. In T. Eckes & H. M. Trautner (Eds.), The developmental social psychology of gender (pp. 123–174). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Fink, J. S., Parker, H. M., & Yim, H. I. (2009). A re-examination of gendered sports: The relationship between sex, implicit sexism, and feminine/masculine and appropriate/inappropriate ratings of sports. Paper presented at North American Society for Sport Management conference, Columbia, SC.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, C. B. (2005). Relational demography and similarity-attraction in interview assessments and subsequent offer decisions are we missing something? Group & Organization Management, 30(6), 597–624.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, C. B., Riordan, C., & Schaffer, B. S. (2010). Does social identity theory underlie relational demography? A test of the moderating effects of uncertainty reduction and status enhancement on similarity effects. Human Relations, 63, 903–926.
   Google Scholar
• Grappendorf, H., Burton, L., & Henderson, A. (2008). Does athletic participation give women an advantage? Using role congrutiy theory to examine initial salary recommendations. Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics Annual, 23, 147–174.
   Google Scholar
• Graves, L. M., & Powell, G. N. (1996). Sex similarity, quality of the employment interview and recruiters' evaluation of actual applicants. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69(3), 243–261.
   Google Scholar
• Graves, L. M., & Powell, G. N. (1995). The effect of sex similarity on recruiters' evaluations of actual applicants: A test of the similarity‐attraction paradigm. Personnel Psychology, 48(1), 85–98.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, M., & Greer, J. D. (2009). The influence of gender-role socialization, media use and sports participation on perceptions of gender-appropriate sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32(2), 207–226.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, L. A., & Lynch, A. B. (2005), Social role theory and the perceived gender role orientation of athletes, Sex Roles, 52, 227–236.
   Google Scholar
• Heilman, M. E., Wallen, A. S., Fuchs, D., & Tamkins, M. M. (2004). Penalties for success: reactions to women who succeed at male gender-typed tasks. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 416.
   Google Scholar
• Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent women’s ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 657–674.
   Google Scholar
• Heilman, M. E., Block, C. J., & Martell, R. F. (1995). Sex stereotypes: do they influence perceptions of managers? Journal of Personality and Social Behavior, 10, 237–252.
   Google Scholar
• Heilman, M. E., Kaplow, S. R., Amato, M. G., & Stathatos, P. (1993). When similarity is a liability: Effects of sex-based preferential selection on reactions to like-sex and different others. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 917–927.
   Google Scholar
• Heilman, M. E., Block, C. J., Martrell, R. F., & Simon, M. C. (1989). Has anything changed? Current characterizations of men, women and managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 935–942.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, A. C., Grappendorf, H., & Burton, L. (2009). Investigating attractiveness in the hiring process of female athletes. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24, 156–177.
   Google Scholar
• Koenig, A. M., Eagly, A. H., Mithcell, A. A., & Ristikari, T. (2011). Are leader stereotypes masculine? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 616–642.
   Google Scholar
• Koivula, N. (2001). Perceived characteristics of sports categorized as gender-neutral, feminine, and masculine. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 377–393.
   Google Scholar
• Koivula, N. (1995). Ratings of gender appropriateness of sports participation: effects of gender-based schematic processing. Sex Roles, 33, 543–557.
   Google Scholar
• Krane, V., Choi, P. Y. L., Baird, S. M., Aimar, C. M., & Kauer, K. J. (2004). Living the paradox: Female athletes negotiate femininity and muscularity. Sex Roles, 5/6, 315–329.
   Google Scholar
• Martell, R. F., Parker, C., Emrich, C. G., & Crawford, M. S. (1998). Sex stereotyping in the executive suite: ‘Much ado about something.’ Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13, 127–138.
   Google Scholar
• Messner, M. (2002). Taking the field: Women, men and sports. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. (2010). Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and women’s impression management dilemma. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 807–820.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, G. N. (2012). Six ways of seeing the elephant: The intersection of sex, gender, and leadership. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 27(2), 119–141.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A., & Bartol, K. M. (2008). Leader evaluations: a new female advantage? Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23, 156–174.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A., & Parent, J. D. (2002). Gender and managerial stereotypes: have the times changed?. Journal of Management, 28(2), 177–193.
   Google Scholar
• Ritter, B. A., & Yoder, J. D. (2004). Gender differences in leader emergence persist even for dominant women: An updated confirmation of role congruity theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 187–193
   Google Scholar
• Rosette, A. S., & Tost, L. P. (2010). Agentic women and communal leadership: How role prescriptions confer advantage to top women leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 221–235.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, S. R., & Shinew, K. J. (2008). Perspectives of women college athletes on sport and gender. Sex Roles, 58, 40–57.
   Google Scholar
• Rudman, L. A., & Kilianski, S. E. (2000). Implicit and explicit attitudes toward female authority. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1315–1328.
   Google Scholar
• Schein, V. E. (1973). The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57, 95–100.
   Google Scholar
• Schein, V. E. (1978). Sex role stereotyping, ability and performance: Prior research and new directions. Personnel Psychology, 31, 259–268.
   Google Scholar
• Schein, V. E. (2001). A global look at psychological barriers to women’s progress in management. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 675–688.
   Google Scholar
• Schein, V. E. (2007). Women in management: reflections and projections. Women in Management Review, 22, 6–18.
   Google Scholar
• Stoker, J. I., Van der Velde, M., & Lammers, J. (2012). Factors relating to managerial stereotypes: The role of gender of the employee and the manager and management gender ratio. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(1), 31–42.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. In. S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations, (pp. 695–715). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Willemsen, T. M. (2002). Gender typing of the successful manager – A stereotype reconsidered. Sex Roles, 46, 385–391.
   Google Scholar