948
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Effects of underwater treadmill training on leg strength, balance, and walking performance in adults with incomplete spinal cord injury

, , &

References

  • Alexeeva N, Sames C, Jacobs P, Hobday L, DiStasio M, Mitchell S, et al. Comparison of training methods to improve walking in persons with chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial. J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34(4):362–79.
  • Dietz V. Body weight supported gait training: from laboratory to clinical setting. Brain Res Bull 2009;78(1):I–VI.
  • Dietz V, Colombo G. Locomotor activity in spinal man. Lancet 1994;344(8932):1260–4.
  • Edgerton V, Roy R. Robotic training and spinal cord plasticity. Brain Res Bull 2009;78(1):4–12.
  • Fouad A, Pearson K. Restoring walking after spinal cord injury. Prog Neurobiol 2004;73(2):107–26.
  • Field-Fote E, Roach K. Influence of a locomotor training approach on walking speed and distance in people with chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 2011;91(1):48–60.
  • Wirz M, Zemon D, Rupp R, Scheel A, Colombo G, Dietz V, et al. Effectiveness of automated locomotor training in patients with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a multicenter trial. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2005;86(4):672–80.
  • Brissot R, Gallien P, Le Bot M, Beillot J, Dassonville J. Clinical experience with functional electrical stimulation-assisted gait with parastep in spinal cord injured patients. Spine 2000;25(4):501–8.
  • Galvez J, Budovitch A, Harkema S, Reinkensmeyer D. Quantification of therapists’ manual assistance on the leg during treadmill gait training with partial body-weight support after spinal cord injury. Proceeding of the 29th Annual International Conference of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Lyon, France; 2007. p. 4028–32.
  • Israel J, Campbell D, Kahn J, Hornby T. Metabolic costs and muscle activity patterns during robotic- and therapist-assisted treadmill walking in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 2006;86(11):1466–78.
  • Jacobs P, Johnson B, Mahoney E. Physiologic responses to electrically assisted and frame-supported standing in persons with paraplegia. J Spinal Cord Med 2003;26(4):384–9.
  • Krassioukov A, Harkema S. Effects of harness application and postural changes on cardiovascular parameters of individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2006;44(12):780–6.
  • Hamid S, Hayek R. Role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury: an overview. Eur Spine J 2008;17(9):1256–69.
  • Bocalini D, Serra A, Murad N, Levy R. Water- versus land-based exercise effects on physical fitness in older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2008;8(4):265–71.
  • Harrison R, Hillman M, Bulstrode S. Loading of the lower limb when walking partially immersed: implications for clinical practice. Physiotherapy 1992;78(3):164–6.
  • Napoletan J, Janes P, Hicks R. The effect of underwater treadmill exercise in the rehabilitation of ACL repair 32. Med Sci Sport Exer 1992;24(5):S6.
  • Noh D, Lim J, Shin H, Paik N. The effect of aquatic therapy on postural balance and muscle strength in stroke survivors—a randomized controlled pilot trial. Clin Rehabil 2008;22(10–11):966–76.
  • Thein L, Brody J. Aquatic-based rehabilitation and training for the elite athlete. J Orthop Sport Phys 1998;27(11):32–41.
  • Byrne K, Craig J, Wilmore J. A comparison of the effects of underwater treadmill walking to dry land treadmill walking on oxygen consumption, heart rate, and cardiac output. J Aquatic Phys Ther 1996;4(3):4–11.
  • Giaquinto S, Ciotola E, Marqutti F. Gait in the water: a comparison between young and elderly subjects. Disabil Rehabil 2007;29(9):727–30.
  • Napoletan J. An innovation in aquatic therapy: the underwater treadmill. Phys Ther Prod 1994;7:43–4.
  • Gulick D. Effects of aquatic intervention on the cardiopulmonary system in the geriatric population. Top Geriatr Rehabil 2010;26(2):93–103.
  • Lemay J, Nadeau S. Standing balance assessment in ASIA D paraplegic and tetraplegic participants: concurrent validity of the Berg Balance Scale. Spinal Cord 2010;48(3):245–50.
  • Stevens S, Fuller D, Morgan D. Lower extremity strength and walking speed as predictors of daily step activity in adults with incomplete spinal cord injuries. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2013;19(1):47–53.
  • Noreau L, Vachon J. Comparison of three methods to assess muscular strength in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1998;36(10):716–23.
  • Riddle D, Finucaine S, Rothstein J, Walker M. Intrasession and intersession reliability of hand-held dynamometer measurements taken on brain damaged patients. Phys Ther 1998;69(3):182–94.
  • Nollet F, Beelen A. Strength assessment in postpolio syndrome: validity of a hand-held dynamometer in detecting change. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1999;80(10):1316–23
  • Kim C, Eng J, Whittaker M. Level walking and ambulatory capacity in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: relationship with muscle strength. Spinal Cord 2004;42(3):156–62.
  • Kolber M, Cleland J. Strength testing using hand-held dynamometry. Phys Ther Rev 2005;10(2):99–112.
  • Merlini L, Mazzone E, Solari A, Morandi L. Reliability of hand-held dynamometry in spinal muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve 2002;26(1):64–70.
  • Visser J, Mans E, de Visser M, van den Berg-Voss R, Franssen H, de Jong J, et al. Comparison of maximal voluntary isometric contraction and hand-held dynamometry in measuring muscle strength of patients with progressive lower motor neuron syndrome. Neuromuscul Disord 2003;13(9):744–50.
  • Ditunno J, Scivoletto G. Clinical relevance of gait research applied to clinical trials in spinal cord injury. Brain Res Bull 2009;78(1):35–42.
  • Dobkin B, Barbeau H, Deforge D, Ditunno J, Elashoff R, Apple D, et al. The evolution of walking-related outcomes over the first twelve weeks of rehabilitation for incomplete traumatic spinal cord injury: the multicenter randomized spinal cord injury locomotor trial. Neurorehab Neural Repair 2007;21(1):25–35.
  • Geisler F, Dorsey F, Coleman W. Recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury—a randomized placebo-controlled trail with GM-1 ganglioside. New Engl J Med 1991;324(26):1829–38.
  • Hedel H, Wirz M, Dietz V. Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2005;86(2):190–6.
  • Bowden M, Behrman A. Step activity monitor: accuracy and test–retest reliability in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev 2007;44(3):355–62.
  • Behrman A, Lawless-Dixon A, Davis S, Bowden M, Nair P, Phadke C, et al. Locomotor training progression and outcomes after incomplete spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 2005;85(12):1356–70.
  • Dobkin B, Apple D, Barbeau H, Basso M, Behrman A, Deforge D, et al. Methods for a randomized trial of weight-supported treadmill training versus conventional training for walking during inpatient rehabilitation after incomplete traumatic spinal cord injury. Neurorehab Neural Repair 2003;17(3):153–67.
  • Protas E, Holmes S, Qyreshy H. Supported treadmill ambulation training after spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2001;82(6):825–31.
  • Borg E, Kaijser L. A comparison between three rating scales for perceived exertion and two different work tests. Scand J Med Sci Sport 2006;16(1):57–69.
  • Lapointe R, Lajoie Y, Serresse O, Barbeau H. Functional community ambulation requirements in incomplete spinal cord injured subjects. Spinal Cord 2001;39(6):327–35.
  • McDonald J, Sadowsky C. Spinal-cord injury. Lancet 2002;359(9304):417–25.
  • Myers J, Lee M, Kiratli J. Cardiovascular disease in spinal cord injury. Am J Phys Med Rehab 2007;86(2):142–52.
  • Lin V. Spinal cord medicine: principles and practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing; 2003.
  • Berg K, Maki B, Williams J, Holliday P, Wood-Dauphinee S. Clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in an elderly population. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1992;73(11):1073–80.
  • Ditunno J, Barbeau H, Dobkin B, Elashoff R, Harkema S, Marino R, et al. Validity of the walking scale for spinal cord injury and other domains of function in a multicenter clinical trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007;21(16):539–50.
  • Mussleman K. Clinical significance testing in rehabilitation research: what, why, and how? Phys Ther Rev 2007;12(4):287–96.
  • Behrman A, Harkema S. Locomotor training after human spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 2000;80(7):688–700.
  • Harkema S, Schmidt-Read M, Lorenz D, Edgerton V, Behrman A. Balance and ambulation improvements in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury using locomotor training-based rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2012;93(9):1508–17.
  • Tilson J, Sullivan K, Cen S, Rose D, Koradia C, Azen S, et al. Meaningful gait speed improvement during the first 60 days poststroke: minimal clinically important difference. Phys Ther 2010;90(2):196–208.
  • McArdle W, Katch F, Katch V. Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition, and human performance. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. p. 464–6.
  • Kenney W, Wilmore J, Costill D. Physiology of sport and exercise. 5th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2012. p. 125–6, 266.
  • Saraf P, Rafferty M, Moore J, Kahn J, Hendron K, Leech K, et al. Daily stepping in individuals with motor incomplete spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 2010;90(2):224–35.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Physical activity and health. A report of the surgeon general. 2007 [accessed 2010 Jun 6]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/disab.htm.
  • Tudor-Locke C, Ainsworth B, Thompson R, Matthews C. Comparison of pedometer and accelerometer measures of free-living physical activity. Med Sci Sport Exer 2002;34(1):2045–51.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.