Risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis in an HIV-endemic region

References

• Thompson MA, Bizzarro MJ. Necrotising enterocolitis in newborns: pathogenesis, prevention and management. Drugs. 2008;68:1227–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neu J, Chen M, Beierle E. Intestinal innate immunity: how does it relate to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis? Semin Pediatr Surg. 2005;14:137–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin PW, Stoll BJ. Necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet. 2006;368:1271–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter BM, Holditch-Davis D. Risk factors for NEC in preterm infants: how race, gender and health status contribute. Adv Neonatal Care. 2008;8:285–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karpelowsky JS, van Mil S, Numanoglu A, Leva E, Millar AJW. Effect of maternal immunodeficiency virus status on the outcome of neonates with necrotising enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45:315–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold M, Moore SW. HIV exposure does not worsen outcome in stage III necrotizing enterocolitis with current treatment protocols. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47:665–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chokoe MJ, Wright CA, Bezuidenhout J, Moore SW, Smith J. Necrotizing enterocolitis in HIV-exposed and nonexposed infants: Clinical presentation and histopathological features. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2012;15:293–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chougnet C, Kovacs A, Baker R, Mueller BU, Luban NLC, Liewehr DJ, et al. Influence of human immunodeficiency virus-infected maternal environment on development of infant interleukin-12 production. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:1590–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desfrere L, de Oliveira I, Goffinet F, el Ayoubi M, Firtion G, Bavoux F, et al. Increased incidence of necrotising enterocolitis in premature infants born to HIV-positive mothers. AIDS. 2005;19:1487–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health, South Africa. 2008 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey, South Africa, 2009; 5–8. [cited 2013 Dec 07]. Available from: http://www.journaids.org/images/uploads/keydocs/08_antenatal_prevalence.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kliegman RM, Walsh MC. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis, classification, and spectrum of disease. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1987;17:243–88.
   Google Scholar
• Hallstrom M, Koivisto A-M, Janas M, Tammela O. Frequency of and risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis in infants born before 33 weeks of gestation. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:111–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yee WH, Soraisham AS, Shah VS, Aziz K, Yoon W, Lee SK, et al. Incidence and timing of presentation of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2012;129:e298–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tita ATN, Andrews WW. Diagnosis and management of clinical chorioamnionitis. Clin Perinatol. 2010;37:339–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson B, Trapp RG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In: Foltin J, Lebowitz H, Fernando N, eds. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics, 4th edn. Lange Medical Books/The McGraw-Hill, 2004; pp 314–15.
   Google Scholar
• Velaphi SC. Risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis in infants (dissertation). Johannesburg: University of the Witswatersrand, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen RD, Gordon PV, Besner GE. Can we cut the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in half today? Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2010;29:185–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahle M, Drott P, Andersson RE. Epidemiology and trends of necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden: 1987–2009. Pediatrics. 2013;132:e443–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper PA, Saloojee H, Bolton KD, Mokhachane M. Survival of low-birth-weight infants at Baragwanath hospital: 1950–1996. S Afr Med J. 1999;89:1179–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies VA. Respiratory distress syndrome. In: Basin J, Ginsberg ND, eds. Topics in Paediatrics. Natal Witness Printing and Publishing, 1996; pp 28–31.
   Google Scholar
• Angura P. Has the incidence of periventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage (PV-IVH) at Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital declined over the last eleven years? (dissertation). Johannesburg: University of Witswatersrand, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Velaphi SC, Mokhachane M, Mphahlele RM, Beckh-Arnold E, Kuwanda ML, Cooper PA. Survival of very-low-birth-weight infants according to birthweight and gestational age in a public hospital. S Afr Med J. 2005;95:504–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llanos AR, Moss ME, Pinzon MC, Dye T, Sinkin RA, Kendig JW. Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis: a population-based study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2002;16:342–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liug M, Lui K and the NSW & ACT NICUS Group. Epidemiology of necrotising enterocolitis – Part II: Risks and susceptibility of premature infants during the surfactant era: a regional study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41:174–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buch NA, Ahmad SM, Ali SW, Hassan HM. An epidemiological study of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Saudi Med J. 2001;22:231–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie SO, Gordon PV, Thomas V, Thorp JA, Peabody J, Clark RH. Necrotizing enterocolitis among neonates in the United States. J Perinatol. 2003;23:278–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boo NY, Cheah IGS. Risk factors associated with necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants in Malaysian neonatal intensive care units. Singapore Med J. 2012;53:826–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flidel-Rimon, Friedman S, Lev E, Juster-Reicher A, Amitay M, Shinwell ES. Early enteral feeding and nosocomial sepsis in very low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89:F289–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W. Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;3:CD001970.
   Google Scholar
• Bombell S, McGuire W. Early trophic feeding for very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;3:CD000504.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W. Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;3:CD001241.
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Committee on Obstetric Practice. The Apgar score. Pediatrics. 2006;117:1444–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manogura AC, Turan O, Kush ML, Berg C, Bhide A, Turan S, et al. Predictors of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm growth-restricted neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:638.e1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acunas B, Vatansever Ü, Duran R, Aladag N. 393 risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res. 2005;58:421–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smrcek JM, Schwartau N, Kohl M, Berg C, Geipel A, Krapp M, et al. Antenatal corticosteroid therapy in premature infants. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005;271:26–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts D, Dalziel S. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD004454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Been JV, Rours IG, Kornelisse RF, Lima Passos V, Kramer BW, Schneider TA, et al. Histologic chorioamnionitis, fetal involvement, and antenatal steroids: effects on neonatal outcome in preterm infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201:587.e1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botet F, Figueras J, Carbonell-Estrany X, Arca G, The Castrillo Study Group. Effect of maternal clinical chorioamnionitis on neonatal morbidity in very-low birthweight infants: a case-control study. J Perinat Med. 2010;38:269–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon S, Boulvain M, Neilson JP. Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;8:CD001058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soraisham AS, Singhal N, McMillan DD, Sauve RS, Lee SK and the Canadian Neonatal Network. A multicenter study on the clinical outcome of chorioamnionitis in preterm infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:372.e1–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Department of Health, South Africa. Policy and guidelines for the implementation of the PMTCT programme, South Africa, 2008; 13–22. Available from: http://southafrica.usembassy.gov/root/pdfs/2008-pmtct.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Obadia Y, Rey D, Moatti JP, Pradier C, Couturier E, Brossard Y, et al. HIV prenatal screening in south-eastern France: differences in seroprevalence and screening policies by pregnancy outcome. AIDS Care. 1994;6:29–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar