167
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Scrub typhus in rural Rajasthan and a review of other Indian studies

, , &

References

  • Jeong YJ , Kim S , Wook YD , Lee JW , Kim KI , Lee SH. Scrub typhus: clinical, pathologic and imaging findings. Radiographics. 2007;27:161–72.
  • Walker DH , Dumler JS , Marrie T . Rickettsial diseases. In: Longo DL , Fauci AS , Kasper DL , Hauser SL , Jameson JL , Loscalzo J , editors. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th edn. New York City, USA: McGraw-Hill; 2012; p. 1064–5.
  • Mahajan SK . Scrub typhus. J Assoc Physicians India. 2005;53:954–8.
  • Kothari VM , Karnad DR , Bichile LS . Tropical infections in the ICU. J Assoc Physicians India. 2006;54:291–8.
  • Chang WH . Current status of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 1995;10:227–38.
  • Mathai E , Lloyd G , Cherian T , Abraham OC , Cherian AM . Serological evidence for the continued presence of human Rickettsioses in Southern India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001;95:395–8.
  • Varghese GM , Abraham OC , Mathai D , Thomas K , Aaron R , Kavitha ML , et al. . Scrub typhus among hospitalised patients with febrile illness in South India: magnitude and clinical predictors. J Infect. 2006;52:56–60.
  • Kamarasu K , Malathi M , Rajagopal V , Subramani K , Jagadeeshramasamy D , Mathai E . Serological evidence for wide distribution of spotted fevers and typhus fever in Tamil Nadu. Indian J Med Res. 2007;126:128–30.
  • Vivekanandan M , Mani A , Priya YS , Singh AP , Jayakumar S , Purty S . Outbreak of scrub typhus in Pondicherry. J Assoc Physicians India. 2010;58:24–8.
  • Somashekar HR , Moses PD , Pavithran S , Mathew LG , Agarwal I , Rolain JM , et al. . Magnitude and features of scrub typhus and spotted fever in children in India. J Trop Pediatr. 2006;52:228–9.
  • Ittyachen AM . Emerging infections in Kerala: a case of scrub typhus. Natl Med J India. 2009;22:333–4.
  • Sharma A , Mahajan S , Gupta ML , Kanga A , Sharma V . Investigation of an outbreak of scrub typhus in the Himalayan region of India. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58:208–10.
  • Gurung S , Pradhan J , Bhutia PY . Outbreak of scrub typhus in North East Himalayan region – Sikkim: an emerging threat. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2013;31:72–4.
  • Batra HV . Spotted fevers and typhus fever in Tamil Nadu. Indian J Med Res. 2007;126:101–3.
  • Shah V , Vaidya V , Bang V , Shah I . Spotted fever in a child in Mumbai, India. J Vector Borne Dis. 2009;4:310–2.
  • Kulkarni A , Vaidya S , Kulkarni P , Bidri LH , Padwal S . Rickettsial disease – an experience. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2009;1:118–24.
  • Rathi BN , Rathi AN , Goodman MH , Aghai ZH . Rickettsial diseases in Central India: proposed clinical scoring system for early detection of spotted fever. Indian Pediatr. 2011;48:867–72.
  • Ratageri VH , Madhu PK , Sindhu M , Illalu S , Shepur TA . Clinico-laboratory profile and outcome of rickettsia in children: Hubli (Karnataka) experience. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2014;6:3–6.
  • Dingra SK , Saini GS , Singh V , Sharma SD , Kaul R . Scrub typhus in children: Jammu experience. JK Sci. 2010;12:95–7.
  • Mahajan SK , Rolain JM , Sankhyan N , Kaushal RK , Raoult D . Pediatric scrub typhus in Indian Himalayas. Indian J Pediatr. 2008;75:947–9.
  • Gupta N , Mittal V , Gurung B , Sherpa U . Pediatric scrub typhus in South Sikkim. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49:322–4.
  • Sundhindra BK , Vijaykumar S , Kutti AK . Rickettsial spotted fevers in Kerala. Natl Med J India. 2004;17:51–2.
  • Bithu R , Kanodia V , Maheshwari RK . Possibility of scrub typhus in fever of unknown origin (FUO) cases: an experience from Rajasthan. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014;32:387–90.
  • Sinha P , Gupta S , Dawra R , Rijhawan P . Recent outbreak of scrub typhus in North Western part of India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014;32:247–50.
  • Rungta N . Scrub typhus: emerging cause of multi-organ dysfunction. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18:489–91.
  • Sirisanthana V , Puthankit T , Sirisanthana T . Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of scrub typhus in thirty Thai children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:341–5.
  • Watt G , Strickman D . Life-threatening scrub typhus in a traveller returning from Thailand. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:624–6.
  • Suzuki T , Suto T , Haraa M . Four fatal cases of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) occurred in Akita and Niigata prefecture. Akita J Med. 1981;7:303–13.
  • Phupong V , Srettakraikul K . Scrub typhus during pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004;35:358–60.
  • Sharma PK , Ramakrishnan R , Hutin YJ , Barui AK , Manickam P , Kakkar M , et al. . Scrub typhus in Darjeeling, India: opportunities for simple practical prevention measures. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103:1153–8.
  • Trishnananda M , Vasuvat C , Harinasuta C . Investigation of scrub typhus in Thailand. J Trop Med Hyg. 1964;67:215–19.
  • Tilak R . Ticks and mites. In: Bhalwar RV , editor. Textbook on Public Health and Community medicine. 1st edn. Pune: Department of Community Medicine; 2009; p. 955–9.
  • Silpapojakul K , Chupuppakarn S , Yuthasompob S , Varachit B , Chaipak D , Borkerd T , et al. . Scrub and murine typhus in children with obscure fever in tropics. Pediatr. Infect Dis J. 1991;10:200–3.
  • Seong SY , Choi MS , Kim IS . Orientia tsutsugamushi infection: overview and immune responses. Microbes Infect. 2001;3:11–21.
  • Coleman RE , Sangkasuwan V , Suwanabun N , Eamsila C , Mungvriya S , Devine P , et al. . Comparative evaluation of selected diagnostic assays for the detection of IgG and IgM antibody to Orientia tsutsugamushi in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;67:497–503.
  • Mahajan SK , Rolain JM , Kashyap R , Bakshi D , Sharma V , Prasher BS , et al. . Scrub typhus in Himalayas. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1590–2.
  • Kaplowitz LG , Fisher JJ , Sparling PF . Rocky mountain spotted fever: a clinical dilemma. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1981;2:89–108.
  • Patil D , Bidari LH , Tikare N , Revankar VA . Profile of Rickettsial Fever in Children. 2006; Available from: http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/conference_abstracts/KARNATAKA_PEDICON .
  • Christopher DP , James EC . Rickettsia rickettsii. In: Sarah SL , Larry KP , Charles GP , editors. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2003; p. 942–5.
  • Kim DM , Kim SW , Choi SH , Yun NR . Clinical and laboratory findings associated with severe scrub typhus. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:108.
  • Lee CS , Hwang JH , Lee HB , Kwon KS . Risk factors leading to fatal outcome in scrub typhus patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81:484–8.
  • Mahajan SK , Kashyap R , Kanga A , Sharma V , Prasher BS , Pal LS . Relevance of Weil–Felix test in diagnosis of scrub typhus in India. J Asssoc Physicians India. 2006;54:619–21.
  • Palanivel S , Nedunchelian K , Poovazhagi V , Raghunandan R , Ramachandran P . Clinical profile of scrub typhus in children. Indian J Pediatr. 2012;79:1459–62.
  • Sonthayanon P , Chierakul W , Wuthiekanun V , Phimda K , Pukrittayakamee S , Day NP , et al. . Association of high Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA loads with disease of greater severity in adults with scrub typhus. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:430–4.
  • Wang CC , Liu SF , Liu JW , Chung YH , Su MC , Lin MC . Acute respiratory distress syndrome in scrub typhus. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76:1148–52.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Antimicrobial Agents and Related Therapy. Red Book . Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 29th edn 2012; p. p.801.
  • Volovitz B , Shkap R , Amir J , Calderon S , Versano I , Nussinovitch M . Absence of tooth staining with doxycycline treatment in young children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2007;46:121–6.
  • Lochary ME , Lockhart PB , Williams WT Jr . Doxycycline and staining of permanent teeth. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:429–31.
  • Watt G , Chouriyagune C , Ruangweerayud R , Watcharapichat P , Phulsuksombati D , Jongsakul K , et al. . Scrub typhus infections poorly responsive to antibiotics in northern Thailand. Lancet. 1996;348:86–9.
  • Kim YS , Yun HJ , Shim SK , Koo SH , Kim SY , Kim S , et al. . A comparative trial of single dose azithromycin versus doxycycline for treatment of mild scrub typhus. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1329–35.
  • Watt G , Kantipong P , Jongsakul K , Watcharapichat P , Phulsuksombati D . Azithromycin activities against Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated in cases of scrub typhus in Northern Thailand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999;43:2817–8.
  • Watt G , Kantipong P , Jongsakul K , Watcharapichat P , Phulsuksombati D , Strickman D . Doxycycline and rifampicin for mild scrub-typhus infections in Northern Thailand: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;356:1057–61.
  • Lee KY , Lee HS , Hong JH , Hur JK , Whang KT . Roxithromycin treatment of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:130–3.
  • Kim DM , Kim SW , Choi SH , Yun NR . Clinical and laboratory findings associated with scrub typhus. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:108.
  • Lai CH , Huang CK , Weng HC , Chung HC , Liang SH , Lin JN , et al. . The difference in clinical characteristics between acute Q fever and scrub typhus in Southern Taiwan. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13:387–93.
  • Chang WH . Current status of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 1995;10:227–38.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.