70
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Epidemiological assessment of continuing transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Samoa

, , , , &
Pages 567-578 | Received 17 Feb 2011, Accepted 02 Nov 2011, Published online: 22 Nov 2013

REFERENCES

  • Beuria MK, Bal MS, Mandal NN, Das MK. (2003). Age-dependent prevalence of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals in a Wuchereria bancrofti-endemic region of India. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97, 297–298.
  • Burkot TR, Taleo G, Toeaso V, Ichimori K. (2002). Progress towards, and challenges for, the elimination of filariasis from Pacific-island communities. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 96, S61–S69.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1993). Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports Recommendations and Reports, 42, 1–38.
  • Chandrashekar R, Curtis KC, Ramzy RM, Liftis F, Li BW, Weil GJ. (1994). Molecular cloning of Brugia malayi antigens for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 64, 261–271.
  • Chanteau S, Glaziou P, Plichart C, Luquiaud P, Moulia-Pelat JP, N’Guyen L, Cartel JL. (1995). Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in French Polynesia: age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, circulating antigen, and specific IgG and IgG4 responses according to transmission level. International Journal for Parasitology, 25, 81–85.
  • Chanteau S, Roux JF. (2008). [Bancroftian lymphatic filariasis: toward its elimination from the Pacific?]. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, 101, 254–260.
  • Clopper C, Pearson E. (2005). JavaStat: Exact Binomial and Poisson Confidence Intervals [document on the Internet]. Available at: http://statpages.org/confint.html [accessed 25 May 2009].
  • Durrheim DN, Nelesone T, Speare R, Melrose W. (2003). Certifying lymphatic filariasis elimination in the Pacific — the need for new tools. Pacific Health Dialog, 10, 149–154.
  • Dylewski JS, Rasmussen L, Mills J, Merigan TC. (1984). Large-scale serological screening for cytomegalovirus antibodies in homosexual males by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 19, 200–203.
  • Esterre P, Plichart C, Sechan Y, Nguyen NL. (2001). The impact of 34 years of massive DEC chemotherapy on Wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission: the Maupiti cohort. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 6, 190–195.
  • Grady CA, de Rochars MB, Direny AN, Orelus JN, Wendt J, Radday J, Mathieu E, Roberts JM, Streit TG, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ. (2007). Endpoints for lymphatic filariasis programs. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13, 608–610.
  • Hoti SL, Elango A, Radjame K, Yuvaraj J, Pani SP. (2002). Detection of day blood filarial antigens by Og4C3 ELISA test using filter paper samples. National Medical Journal of India, 15, 263–266.
  • Huppatz C, Capuano C, Palmer K, Kelly PM, Durrheim DN. (2009). Lessons from the Pacific Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: a case study of 5 countries. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9, 92.
  • Ichimori K. (2001). Entomology of the filariasis control programme in Samoa, Aedes polynesiensis and Ae. samoanus. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 52, 11–21.
  • Ichimori K, Crump A. (2005). Pacific collaboration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trends in Parasitology, 21, 441–444.
  • Ichimori K, Graves PM, Crump A. (2007a). Lymphatic filariasis elimination in the Pacific: PacELF replicating Japanese success. Trends in Parasitology, 23, 36–40.
  • Ichimori K, Tupuimalagi-Toelupe P, Toeaso Iosia V, Graves PM. (2007b). Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis control in Samoa before PacELF (Pacific Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis). Tropical Medicine and Health, 35, 261–269.
  • Joseph H, Clough A, Peteru A, Crawley S, Pulu T, Maiava F, Melrose WD. (2010). Exploratory study investigating factors influencing mass drug administration (MDA) compliance for lymphatic filariasis in Samoa. Samoa Medical Journal, 2, 12–25.
  • Joseph H, Maiava F, Naseri T, Taleo F, ‘Ake M, Capuano C, Melrose WD. (2011a). Application of the Filariasis CELISA anti-filarial IgG4 antibody assay in surveillance in lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes in the South Pacific. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2011, 492023.
  • Joseph H, Moloney J, Maiava F, McClintock S, Lammie P, Melrose W. (2011b). First evidence of spatial clustering of lymphatic filariasis in an Aedes polynesiensis endemic area. Acta Tropica, 120, S39–S47.
  • Joseph HM, Melrose WD. (2010). Applicability of the filter paper technique for detection of antifilarial IgG4 antibodies using the Bm14 Filariasis CELISA. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2010, 594687.
  • Kimura E, Penaia L, Spears GF. (1985). Epidemiology of subperiodic Bancroftian filariasis in Samoa 8 years after control by mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 63, 869–880.
  • Kyelem D, Biswas G, Bockarie MJ, Bradley MH, El-Setouhy M, Fischer PU, Henderson RH, Kazura JW, Lammie PJ, Njenga SM, Ottesen EA, Ramaiah KD, Richards FO, Weil GJ, Williams SA. (2008). Determinants of success in national programs to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: a perspective identifying essential elements and research needs. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 79, 480–484.
  • Lammie PJ, Reiss MD, Dimock KA, Streit TG, Roberts JM, Eberhard ML. (1998). Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 217–221.
  • Lammie PJ, Weil G, Noordin R, Kaliraj P, Steel C, Goodman D, Lakshmikanthan VB, Ottesen E. (2004). Recombinant antigen-based antibody assays for the diagnosis and surveillance of lymphatic filariasis — a multicenter trial. Filaria Journal, 3, 9.
  • Mahoney LE, Kessel JF. (1971). Treatment failure in filariasis mass treatment programmes. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 45, 35–42.
  • Melrose WD, Durrheim DD, Burgess GW. (2004). Update on immunological tests for lymphatic filariasis. Trends in Parasitology 20, 255–257.
  • Michael E, Malecela-Lazaro MN, Maegga BT, Fischer P, Kazura JW. (2006). Mathematical models and lymphatic filariasis control: monitoring and evaluating interventions. Trends in Parasitology, 22, 529–535.
  • Mladonicky JM, King JD, Liang JL, Chambers E, Pa’au M, Schmaedick MA, Burkot TR, Bradley M, Lammie PJ. (2009). Assessing transmission of lymphatic filariasis using parasitologic, serologic, and entomologic tools after mass drug administration in American Samoa. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 80, 769–773.
  • Njenga SM, Wamae CN, Mwandawiro CS, Molyneux DH. (2007). Immuno-parasitological assessment of Bancroftian filariasis in a highly endemic area along the River Sabaki, in Malindi district, Kenya. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 101, 161–172.
  • Ottesen EA. (2006). Lymphatic filariasis: treatment, control and elimination. Advances in Parasitology, 61, 395–441.
  • PacELF. (2006). The PacELF Way: Towards Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis 1999–2005. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Ramaiah KD, Thiruvengadam B, Vanamail P, Subramanian S, Gunasekaran S, Nilamani N, Das PK. (2009). Prolonged persistence of residual Wuchereria bancrofti infection after cessation of diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt programme. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 14, 870–876.
  • Ramalingam S. (1968). The epidemiology of filarial transmission in Samoa and Tonga. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 62, 305–324.
  • Ramzy RM. (2002). Recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques for human lymphatic filariasis and their use in epidemiological research. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96, S225–S259.
  • Ramzy RM, Helmy H, Faris R, Gad AM, Chandrashekar R, Weil GJ. (1995). Evaluation of a recombinant antigen-based antibody assay for diagnosis of Bancroftian filariasis in Egypt. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 89, 443–446.
  • Rawlins SC, Siung-Chang A, Baboolal S, Chadee DD. (2004). Evidence for the interruption of transmission of lymphatic filariasis among schoolchildren in Trinidad and Tobago. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98, 473–477.
  • Sasa M. (1976). Human Filariasis: A Global Survey of Epidemiology and Control. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
  • Supali T, Rahmah N, Djuardi Y, Sartono E, Ruckert P, Fischer P. (2004). Detection of filaria-specific IgG4 antibodies using Brugia Rapid test in individuals from an area highly endemic for Brugia timori. Acta Tropica, 90, 255–261.
  • Tisch DJ, Bockarie MJ, Dimber Z, Kiniboro B, Tarongka N, Hazlett FE, Kastens W, Alpers MP, Kazura JW. (2008). Mass drug administration trial to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea: changes in microfilaremia, filarial antigen, and Bm14 antibody after cessation. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78, 289–293.
  • Tisch DJ, Hazlett FE, Kastens W, Alpers MP, Bockarie MJ, Kazura JW. (2001). Ecologic and biologic determinants of filarial antigenemia in Bancroftian filariasis in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 184, 898–904.
  • Weil GJ, Curtis KC, Fischer PU, Won KY, Lammie PJ, Joseph H, Melrose WD, Brattig NW. (2010). A multicenter evaluation of a new antibody test kit for lymphatic filariasis employing recombinant Brugia malayi antigen Bm-14. Acta Tropica, 120, S19–S22.
  • Weil GJ, Kastens W, Susapu M, Laney SJ, Williams SA, King CL, Kazura JW, Bockarie MJ. (2008). The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole on Bancroftian filariasis in Papua New Guinea. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2, e344.
  • Weil GJ, Ramzy RM. (2007). Diagnostic tools for filariasis elimination programs. Trends in Parasitology, 23, 78–82.
  • Weil GJ, Ramzy RM, El Setouhy M, Kandil AM, Ahmed ES, Faris R. (1999). A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61, 53–58.
  • WHO. (2005). Monitoring and epidemiological assessment of the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis at implementation unit level. Report no. WHO/CDS/CPE/CEE 2005·50. Available at: http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/New_Lymphatic_Filariasis_OMS_LF_ME_Assessment.pdf (accessed October 2010).
  • WHO. (2007). Report of the ninth workshop for Pacific lymphatic filariasis programme managers. RS/2007/GE/20(FIJ). June 2007. Fiji. Available at: http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/68DCB443-20CD-4E7E-96F5-0FB73092123C/0/MR_NinthWorkshopPacificLympFilariasisProgramme.pdf (accessed October 2010).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.