Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in an urban US AIDS cohort

References

• Genta RM. Global prevalence of strongyloidiasis: critical review with epidemiologic insights into the prevention of disseminated disease. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11(5):755–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walzer PD, Milder JE, Banwell JG, Kilgore G, Klein M, Parker R, et al.. Epidemiologic features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982;31(2):313–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berk SL, Verghese A, Alvarez S, Hall K, Smith B. Clinical and epidemiologic features of strongyloidiasis. A prospective study in rural Tennessee. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147(7):1257–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loutfy MR, Wilson M, Keystone JS, Kain KC. Serology and eosinophil count in the diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in a non-endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66(6):749–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuesch R, Zimmerli L, Stockli R, Gyr N, Christoph Hatz FR. Imported strongyloidosis: a longitudinal analysis of 31 cases. J Travel Med. 2005;12(2):80–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posey DL, Blackburn BG, Weinberg M, Flagg EW, Ortega L, Wilson M, et al.. High prevalence and presumptive treatment of schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis among African refugees. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(10):1310–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauber HP, Galle J, Chiodini PL, Rupp J, Birke R, Vollmer E, et al.. Fatal outcome of a hyperinfection syndrome despite successful eradication of Strongyloides with subcutaneous ivermectin. Infection. 2005;33(5–6):383–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keiser PB, Nutman TB. Strongyloides stercoralis in the immunocompromised population. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17(1):208–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segarra-Newnham M. Manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(12):1992–2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croker C, Reporter R, Redelings M, Mascola L. Strongyloidiasis-related deaths in the United States, 1991–2006. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(2):422–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benvenuti F, Carrascosa JM, Boada A, Ferrandiz C. Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infection with a cutaneous presentation in an immunosuppressed patient. Eur J Dermatol. 2009;19(4):404–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viney ME, Brown M, Omoding NE, Bailey JW, Gardner MP, Roberts E, et al.. Why does HIV infection not lead to disseminated strongyloidiasis? J Infect Dis. 2004;190(12):2175–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanathan R, Nutman T. Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2008;10(2):105–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hochberg NS, Moro RN, Sheth AN, Montgomery SP, Steurer F, McAuliffe IT, et al.. High prevalence of persistent parasitic infections in foreign-born, HIV-infected persons in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(4):e1034.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karp CL, Auwaerter PG. Coinfection with HIV and tropical infectious diseases. II. Helminthic, fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(9):1214–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddow LJ, Mahlakwane MS, Ramdial PK, Moosa MY. Histopathology of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection during immune reconstitution in an HIV-infected patient. AIDS. 2009;23(12):1609–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown M, Cartledge JD, Miller RF. Dissemination of Strongyloides stercoralis as an immune restoration phenomenon in an HIV-1-infected man on antiretroviral therapy. Int J STD AIDS. 2006;17(8):560–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim AC, Lupatkin HC. Strongyloides stercoralis infection as a manifestation of immune restoration syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(3):439–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzafame M, Faggian F, Lattuada E, Antolini D, Vento S. Strongyloidiasis in an HIV-1-infected patient after highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced immune restoration. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(6):1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawn SD, Wilkinson RJ. Immune reconstitution disease associated with parasitic infections following antiretroviral treatment. Parasite Immunol. 2006;28(11):625–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyer G, Fernandes-Silva E, Alves S, Rocha A, Albuquerque R, Addiss D. Patterns of detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool specimens: implications for diagnosis and clinical trials. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34(10):2569–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato Y, Kobayashi J, Toma H, Shiroma Y. Efficacy of stool examination for detection of Strongyloides infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995;53(3):248–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffel R, Nucci M, Carvalho E, Braga M, Almeida L, Portugal R, et al.. The value of an immunoenzymatic test (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in patients immunosuppressed by hematologic malignancies. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001;65(4):346–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAuliffe I, Handali S, Lee Y-M, Noh J, Gleim E and Wilkins P. Optimization of an ELISA assay for the detection of S. stercoralis infection in humans. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2008; 2008 Dec 7–11; New Orleans, LA, USA. Washington (DC): ASTMH; 2008. Abstract 532.
   Google Scholar
• Krolewiecki AJ, Ramanathan R, Fink V, McAuliffe I, Cajal SP, Won K, et al.. Improved diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis using recombinant antigen-based serologies in a community-wide study in northern Argentina. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17(10):1624–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravi V, Ramachandran S, Thompson RW, Andersen JF, Neva FA. Characterization of a recombinant immunodiagnostic antigen (NIE) from Strongyloides stercoralis L3-stage larvae. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2002;125(1–2):73–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie LS. An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examinations. Bull U S Army Med Dep. 1948;8(4):326.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perry JL, Matthews JS, Miller GR. Parasite detection efficiencies of five stool concentration systems. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(6):1094–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arch EL, Schaefer JT, Dahiya A. Cutaneous manifestation of disseminated strongyloidiasis in a patient coinfected with HTLV-I. Dermatol Online J. 2008;14(12):6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalb RE, Grossman ME. Periumbilical purpura in disseminated strongyloidiasis. JAMA. 1986;256(9):1170–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanathan R, Burbelo PD, Groot S, Iadarola MJ, Neva FA, Nutman TB. A luciferase immunoprecipitation systems assay enhances the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(3):444–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burbelo PD, Ching KH, Mattson TL, Esper F, Iadarola MJ, Delwart E, et al.. Rapid antibody quantification and generation of whole proteome antibody response profiles using LIPS (luciferase immunoprecipitation systems). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;352(4):889–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deniau M, Canavate C, Faraut-Gambarelli F, Marty P. The biological diagnosis of leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003;97(Suppl 1):115–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moir S, Fauci AS. B cells in HIV infection and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9(4):235–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagigi A, Nilsson A, Pensieroso S, Chiodi F. Dysfunctional B-cell responses during HIV-1 infection: implication for influenza vaccination and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(7):499–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar