Medical tourism opportunities and challenges: Illustration from US–India trade*

References

• Burns LR, editor. India‘s healthcare industry: innovation in delivery, financing, and manufacturing. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Crone R. Flat medicine? Exploring trends in the globalization of health care. Acad Med 2008;83(2):117–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard K. Medical tourism: after the gold rush. Int Med Travel J 2011 [accessed 2012 May 29]. Available from: http://www.imtj.com/articles/2011/blog-after-the-gold-rush-40165/.
   Google Scholar
• Borrell B. Controversial couple dominates US medical tourism. Reuters 2009 [accessed 2012 Jul 15]. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/28/us-medical-tourism-idUSTRE59R23V20091028.
   Google Scholar
• Deloitte. Medical tourism: consumers in search of value. Washington, DC: Deloitte Center for Health Solutions; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Drager N, Smith R. The World Health Organization put the estimate at nearly 4 million patients per year. Trade in health services. Washington, DC: World Bank Institute; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Deloitte. Medical tourism: update and implications. Washington, DC: Deloitte Center for Health Solutions; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Keckley P, Coughlin S, Eselius L. 2011 Survey of health care consumers in the United States: key findings, strategic implications. Washington, DC: Deloitte Center for Health Solutions; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Alleman B, Luger T, Reisinger H, Martin R, Horowitz M, Cram P. Medical tourism services available to residents of the United States. J Gen Intern Med 2010;26(5):492–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbara K. Personal communication, Wharton School.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell D, Jensen E, Kocher B. Accounting for the cost of US health care: a new look at why Americans spend more. McKinsey Global Institute; December 2008 [accessed 2012 May 29]. Available from: http://www.mckinsey.com/Insights/MGI/Research/Americas/Accounting_for_the_cost_of_US_health_care.
   Google Scholar
• Bumrungrad Hospital in Thailand (one of the top international medical tourism providers) boasts a post-operative complication rate for cardiac procedures of less than 2% (which includes wound infections) and a post-operative complication rate for joint replacements of 1.6%. This is on par with U.S. academic centers of excellence and superior to the average domestic provider. This information is based on an interview with executives at Bumrungrad.
   Google Scholar
• Companion Global Healthcare. Doctors Care reach agreement for aftercare services. PRNewswire; May 9, 2007 [accessed 2012 May 29]. Available from: http://www.companionglobalhealthcare.com/news.aspx?article=27.
   Google Scholar
• Sack C, Lütkes P, Günther W, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Holtmann G. Challenging the holy grail of hospital accreditation: a cross sectional study of inpatient satisfaction in the field of cardiology. BMC Health Serv Res 2010;10:120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattoo A, Rathindran R. How health insurance inhibits trade in health care. Health Affairs 2006;25(2):358–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns LR, Wholey D. The impact of physician characteristics in conditional choice models for hospital care. J Health Econ 1992;11:43–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Part of the medical tourism market provides services that are not easily obtained in the patient's home country (e.g., organ transplantation, gene therapy, stem cell therapies). This poses several risks for the patient and the host country. For the patient, there may be no assurance that the procedure is efficacious or performed by a qualified provider. For the host country, there is the danger that the service provided preys upon disadvantaged members of the local populace to obtain organs for transplantation.
   Google Scholar
• Cortez N. Recalibrating the legal risks of cross-border health care. Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics 2010;1–89.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lunt N, Carrera P. Medical tourism: assessing the evidence on treatment abroad. Maturitas 2010;66:27–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrick D. Medical tourism: global competition in healthcare. Dallas, TX: National Center for Policy Analysis; 2007. [accessed 2012 May 29]. Available from: http://www.ncpa.org/pub/st/st304.
   Google Scholar
• Kassed C, Lewandowski D, MacCracken L, Pickens G, Ray G, Ray L. Delayed arrival: the domestic healthcare traveler. White Paper. Ann Arbor, MI: Thomson Reuters; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Lunt N, Smith R, Exworthy M, Green S, Horsfall D, Mannion R. Medical tourism: treatments, markets and health system implications: a scoping review. Geneva: OECD; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy S, Qadeer I. Medical tourism in India: progress or predicament? Econ Political Wkly 2010;45(20):69–75.
   Google Scholar
• Rath SP, Das B, Mishra S, Puthan P. New avenue of tourism and revenue generation in India – ‘medical tourism’. Int J Bus Manag Tomorrow 2012;2(1).
   Google Scholar
• Milstein A, Smith M. America's new refugees – seeking affordable surgery offshore. N Engl J Med 2006;355(16):1637–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Town G. Devi Shetty sets sights on Cayman Islands. The Financial Express. March 25, 2011 [accessed 2012 May 29]. Available at: http://www.financialexpress.com/printer/news/766931/.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar M. Devi Shetty takes affordable health care closer to US. BangaloreMirror.com. January 13, 2012 [accessed 2012 May 29]. Available at: http://www.bangaloremirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=1&contentid=2012011320120113091735437b5b54d2f.
   Google Scholar
• Burns LR, Sammut S. Doing more with less: lessons from a doctor. ISB Insight 2011;9(2):16–9.
   Google Scholar
• Cortez N. Embracing the new geography of health care: a novel way to cover those left out of health reform. South Calif Law Rev 2011;84(4):859–931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar