OBESITY IN DIABETIC PATIENTS IN KINSHASA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

REFERENCES

• Cook AR. Notes on the diseases met with in Uganda, Central Africa. J Trop Med 1901; 4: 175–8.
   Google Scholar
• King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025 : prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1414–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt NS, Katzenellenbogen JM, Bradshaw D et al. The prevalence and identification of risk factors for NIDDM in urban Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 601–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elbagir MN, Eltom MA, Elmahadi EM et al. A high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the Danagla community in northern Sudan. Diabet Med 1998; 15: 164–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobngwi E, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Vexiau P et al. Diabetes in Africans, Part 1: Epidemiology and Clinical Specificities. Diabetes Metab 2001; 27: 628–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourne LT, Lambert EV, Steyn K. Where does the black population of South Africa stand on the nutrition transition? Public Health Nutrition 2002; 5: 157–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild S, Roglic G, Green A et al. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1047–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderberg S, Zimmet P, Tuomilehto J et al. Increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in all ethnic groups in Mauritius. Diabet Med 2005; 22: 61–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unwin N, Setel P, Rashid S et al. Noncommunicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Where do they feature in the health research agenda? Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 947–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspray TJ, Mugusi F, Rashid S et al. Rural and urban differences in diabetes prevalence in Tanzania: the role of obesity, physical inactivity and urban living. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94: 637–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva. 1997; 1–276.
   Google Scholar
• Bagust A, Walley T. An alternative to body mass index for standardizing body weight for stature. QJM 2000; 93: 589–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deurenberg-Yap M, Schmidt G, van Staveren WA et al. The paradox of low body mass index and high body fat percentage among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 1011–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayfield J. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: New Criteria. Am Fam Physician 1998; 58: 1355-62, 1369–70.
   Google Scholar
• Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: S5–S20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourgoignie J, Sonnet J, Dechef G. Etude du diabète sucré du Bantou de la région de Léopoldville. Ann Soc Belge Med Trop 1962; 42: 261–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bieleli E, Moswa JL, Ditu M et al. Prévalence du diabète sucré au sein de la population de Kinshasa. Congo Médical 2000; 2: 1058–61.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Sande MAB, Ceesay SM, Milligan PJM et al. Obesity and undernutrition and cardiovascular risk factors in rural and urban Gambian communities. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 1641–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maziya-Dixon B, Akinyele IO, Oguntona EB et al. Nigeria food consumption and nutrition survey 2001-2003: Summary. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Pasquet P, Temgoua LS, Melaman-Sego F et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity for urban adults in Cameroon. Ann Hum Biol 2003; 30: 551–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• South African Demographic and Health Survey, 1998 Report: www.sahealthinfo.org/Publications/DemographicSurvey/demographicsurvey.htm
   Google Scholar
• Njelekela M, Kuga S, Nara Y et al. Prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia in middle-aged men and women in Tanzania, Africa: relationship with resting energy expenditure and dietary factors. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2002; 48: 352–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amoah AGB. Sociodemographic variations in obesity among Ghanaian adults. Public Health Nutrition 2003; 6:751–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adebisi SA, Oghagbon EK. Prevalence of obesity among diabetics in Ilorin, Middle Belt of Nigeria. Sahel Medical Journal 2003; 6: 112–5.
   Google Scholar
• Makuyana D, Gomo Z, Munyombwe T et al. Metabolic syndrome disorders in urban black Zimbabweans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cent Afr J Med 2004; 50: 24–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Hazmi MAF, Warsy AS. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic and non-diabetic Saudis. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2000; 6: 276–82.
   Google Scholar
• Statistical Brief #34: The prevalence of obesity and other chronic health conditions among diabetic adults in the US community population, 2001. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http:/www.meps.ahrq.gov/papers/st34/stat34.htm
   Google Scholar
• Bierman EL, Bagdade JD, Porte D. Obesity and diabetes: The odd couple. Am J Clinical Nutr 1968; 21: 1434–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar