9
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Prevalence and Severity of Malocclusion and the Need for Orthodontic Treatment in 9-, 12-, and 15-year-old Glasgow Schoolchildren

, B.Sc., B.D.S., F.D.S., M.Sc., D.D.O., M.Orth.
Pages 87-96 | Received 01 Feb 1991, Published online: 21 Jun 2016

References

  • Addy, M., Griffiths, G. S., Drummer, P. M. H., Kingdon, A., Hicks, R., Hunter, M.L., Newcombe, R. G. and Shaw, W. C. (1988) The association between tooth irregularity and plaque accumulation, gingivitis and caries in 11–12 year old children, European Journal of Orthodontics, 10, 76–83.
  • Ainamo, J. (1972) Relationships between malalignment of teeth and periodontal disease, Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research, 80, 104–110.
  • Altemus, L.A. (1959) Frequency of the incidence of malocclusion in American Negro children aged 12 to 16 years, Angle Orthodontist, 29, 189–200.
  • Baume, L. J. (1974) Uniform methods for the epidemiological assessment of malocclusion: Results obtained with the WHO standard methods in South Pacific populations, American Journal of Orthodontics, 66, 251–272.
  • Beagrie, G. S. and James, G. A. (1962) The association of posterior tooth irregularity and periodontal disease. British Dental Journal, 13, 239–243.
  • Bjork, A., Krebs, A. and Solow, B. (1964) A method for the epidemiological registration of malocclusion, Acta Odontologica Scandinavia, 22, 27–41.
  • Chung, C. K. and Kerr, W. J. S. (1987) Interceptive orthodontics: Application and outcome in a demand population, British Dental Journal, 162, 73–76.
  • Davies, T. M. (1987) The relationship of anterior overjet to plaque and gingivitis in children, British Journal of Orthodontics, 14, 60.
  • Downer, M. C. and Teagle, F. A. (1984) System for Planning and Epidemiological Evaluation of Dental Services, Dental Health Unit, Department of Child Dental Health, Manchester, England.
  • Draker, H. L. (1960) Handicapping Labia-lingual conditions: proposed index for public health purposes. American Journal of Orthodontics, 46, 295–305.
  • Elderton, R. J. and Clark, J. D. (1983) Orthodontic treatment in the General Dental Service assessed by the Occlusal Index, British Journal of Orthodontics, 10, 178–186.
  • Egermark-Ericksson, I. (1982) Handicapping dysfunction in children and individuals with dual bite, Swedish Dental Journal, Suppl. 10.
  • Foster, T. D., Humilton, M. C., and Lavelle, C. L. B. (1970) A study of dental arch crowding in four age groups, Dental Practitioner, 21, 9–12.
  • Foster, T. D. and Day, A. J. W. (1974) A survey of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment in a Shropshire school population, British Journal of Orthodontics, 1, 73–78.
  • Grainger, R. M. (1967) Orthodontic Treatment Priority Index, National Centre for Health Statistics Series II No. 25, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington DC.
  • Gray, A. S. and Demirjian, A. (1977) Indexing occlusion for dental public health programs, American Journal of Orthodontics, 72, 191–197.
  • Grewe, J. W. and Hagan, D. (1972) Malocclusion indices: A comparative evaluation, American Journal of Orthodontics, 61, 286–294.
  • Grewe, J. M., Cervenka, J., Shapiro, R. L. and Witkop, C. J. (1968) Prevalence of malocclusion in Chippewa Indian children, Journal of Dental Research, 47, 302–305.
  • Haralabakis, B. (1957) Incidence of malocclusion amongst students of Athens University, Transactions of the European Orthodontic Society, 310–311.
  • Haynes, S. (1973) Orthodontic treatment needs in English children aged 11 to 12 years, British Journal of Orthodontics, 1, 9–12.
  • Haynes, S. (1979) A quantitative study of general dental practitioner care in Scottish Health Board Areas (1966–1975), British Journal of Orthodontics, 6, 171–176.
  • Helm, S., Kreiborg, S. and Solow, B. (1985) Psychological implications of malocclusion: A 15-year follow-up study in 30-year old Danes, American Journal of Orthodontics, 87, 110–118.
  • Horup, N., Melsen, B. and Terp, S. (1987) Relationship between malocclusion and maintenance of teeth, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 15, 74–78.
  • Howitt, J. W., Stricker, G. and Henderson, R. (1967) Eastman Esthetic Index, New York State Dental Journal, 33, 215–220.
  • Huddart, A. G. (1973) Orthodontics in England and Wales in the National Health Service, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London.
  • Ingervall, B. and Hedegard, B. (1974) Awareness of malocclusion and desire for orthodontic treatment in 18-year-old Swedish men, Acta Odontologica Scandinavia, 32, 93–101.
  • Ingervall, B., Jacobsson, U. and Nyman, S. (1977) A clinical study of the relationship between crowding of the teeth, plaque, and gingival conditions, Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 4, 214–222.
  • Jacobson, A. (1967) Occlusion and malocclusion in the south African Bantu, 22, 300–307. Journal of Dental Association of south Africa, 22, 300–307.
  • Jarvinen, S. (1978) Incisal overjet and traumatic injuries to upper permanent incisors, Acta Odontologica Scandinavia, 36, 359–362.
  • Katz, P. (1977) An epidemiological study of the relationship between various states of the occlusion and pathological condition of dental caries and periodontal disease, Journal of Dental Research, 3, 433–439.
  • Kelly, J. E. and Harvey, C. R. (1977) An assessment of the occlusion of the teeth of youths 12 to 17 years in the United States, United States Public Health Service Publication No. 77–1644. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
  • Larsson, E. and Ronnerman, A. (1981) Mandibular dysfunction symptoms in orthodontically treated patients 10 years after completion of treatment, European Journal of Orthodontics, 3, 89–94.
  • Lombardi, A. V. and Baillit, H. L. (1972) Malocclusion in the Kwaio, a Melanesian group on Malaita, Solomon Islands, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 36, 283–293.
  • Luffingham, J. K. and Campbell, H. M. (1974) The need for orthodontic treatment. A pilot survey of 14 year old school children in Paisley, Scotland, Transactions of the European Orthodontic Society, 344–356.
  • McGregor, F. C. (1979) Social and psychological implications of dentofacial disfigurement, Angle Orthodontist, 40, 231–233.
  • O'Mullane, D. M. (1973) Some factors predisposing to injuries of the permanent incisors in schoolchildren, British Dental Journal, 134, 328–332.
  • Parker, C. D. (1986) Orthodontics in the general dental services, British Journal of Orthodontics, 13, 125–134.
  • Polson, L. A. (1982) Periodontal status after orthodontic treatment, International Association for Dental Research Abstract.
  • Prahl-Anderson, B. (1978) The need for orthodontic treatment, Angle Orthodontist, 48, 1–9.
  • Ramfjord, S. P. and Ash, M. M. (1981) Significance of occlusion in the aetiology and treatment of early, moderate, and advanced periodontitis, Journal of Periodontology, 52, 511–517.
  • Rich, J. (1975) Effects of children's physical attractiveness on teachers evaluations, Journal of Education Research, 67, 599–609.
  • Robertson, N. R. E. and Hoyle, B. A. (1983) Orthodontic treatment: time for a change? British Journal of Orthodontics, 10, 154–156.
  • Roth, R. H. (1973) Temporomandibular pain dysfunction and occlusal relationships, Angle Orthodontist, 43, 136–154.
  • Sadowsky, C. and Begole, E. A. (1980) Long-term status of TMJ function and functional occlusion after orthodontic treatment, American Journal of Orthodontics, 78, 201–212.
  • Sadowsky, C. and Begole, E. A. (1981) Long-term effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health, American Journal of Orthodontics, 80, 156–172.
  • Sadowsky, C. and Polson, A.M. (1984) Temporomandibular disorders and functional occlusion after orthodontic treatment: Results of long-term studies, American Journal of Orthodontics, 86, 386–390.
  • Sandali, T. (1973) Irregularities of the teeth and their relation to the periodontal condition with particular reference to the lower labial segment, Transactions of the European Orthodontic Society, 319–333.
  • Salzmann, J. A. (1968) Handicapped malocclusion assessment to establish treatment priority, American Journal of Orthodontics, 54, 109–119.
  • Scottish Dental Estimates Board Reports (1973–1986).
  • Shaw, W. C., Meek, S. C. and Jones, D. S. (1980) Nicknames, teasing, harassment and the salience of dental features among school children, British Journal of Orthodontics, 7, 75–80.
  • Shaw, W. C., Rees, G., Dawe, M. and Charles, C. R. (1985) The influence of dentofacial features on the social attractiveness of young adults, American Journal of Orthodontics, 87, 21–26.
  • Stephens, C. D. and Bass, N. (1973) Regional variations in the provision of orthodontic treatment in England and Wales, British Journal of Orthodontics, 1, 13–17.
  • Stephens, C. D., Orton, H. S. and Usiskin, L. A. (1985) Future manpower requirements for orthodontics undertaken in the General Dental Services, British Journal of Orthodontics, 12, 168–175.
  • Stricker, G. (1970) Psychological issues pertaining to malocclusion, American Journal of Orthodontics, 58, 276–283.
  • Summers, C. J. (1971) The Occlusal Index: A system for identifying and scoring occlusal disorders, American Journal of Orthodontics, 59, 552–567.
  • Todd, J. E. and Dodd, T. (1985) Children's dental health in the United Kingdom, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Social Survey Division, 79–93.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.