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British Journal of Orthodontics Volume 23, 1996 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

A critical assessment of orthodontic standards in England and Wales (1990–1991) in relation to changes in prior approval

Elizabeth A TurbillDepartment of Child Dental Health, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, CardiffCF4 4XY, UK
, M.SC., B.D.S., F.D.S. R.C.P.S., D.ORTH. R.C.S.,
Stephen RichmondDepartment of Child Dental Health, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, CardiffCF4 4XY, UK
, PH.D., M.SC.D., B.D.S., F.D.S. R.C.S., D.ORTH. R.C.S. &
Jean L WrightDepartment of Oral Health and Development, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, ManchesterM15 6FH, UK
, B.SC.
Pages 221-228 | Published online: 21 Jun 2016

References

  • British Dental Association (1995) NHS dentistry—the way forward, Circular letter to members, April 1995.
  • Brook, P. H. and Shaw, W. C. (1989) The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority, European Journal of Orthodontics, 11, 309–320.
  • Dental Practice Board (1994) Dental Data Services.
  • D.H.S.S. (1984) The Report of the Committee for Enquiry Into Unnecessary Treatment (‘the Schanschieff Report’), H.M.S.O., London.
  • D.H.S.S. (1987) Report of the Occlusal Index Committee, Report No. 92821/1/48–3, HMSO, London.
  • Evans, R. L. and Shaw, W. C. (1987) Preliminary evaluation of a scale for rating dental attractiveness. European Journal of Orthodontics, 9, 314–318.
  • Fox, N. A. (1993) The first 100 cases: a personal audit of orthodontic treatment assessed by the PAR index, British Dental Journal, 174, 290–297.
  • Kerr, W. J., Buchanan, I. B. and McColl, J. H. (1993) Use of the PAR index in assessing effectiveness of removable orthodontic appliances, British Journal of Orthodontics, 20, 351–357.
  • O'Brien, K. D. (1991) The effectiveness of orthodontic treatment provided by the salaried orthodontic services, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Manchester.
  • O'Brien, K. D., Shaw, W. C. and Roberts, C. T. (1993) The use of occlusal indices in assessing the provision of orthodontic treatment by the hospital orthodontic service of England and Wales, British Journal of Orthodontics, 20, 25–35.
  • Richmond, S. (1990) A critical evaluation of orthodontic treatment undertaken in the General Dental Services in England and Wales, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Manchester.
  • Richmond, S. (1993a) Personal audit in orthodontics, British Journal of Orthodontics, 20, 131–140.
  • Richmond, S. (1993b) Orthodontic treatment standards in Norway, European Journal of Orthodontics, 15, 7–15.
  • Richmond S., Shaw W. C., O'Brien K. D., Buchanan I. B., Jones R., Stephens C. D., Roberts C. T. and Andrews, M. (1992a) The development and reliability of the PAR Index: reliability and validity, European Journal of Orthodontics, 14, 125–139.
  • Richmond, S., Shaw, W. C., Roberts, C. T. and Andrews M. (1992b) The PAR index (Peer Assessment Rating): methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvements and standards, European Journal of Orthodontics, b 180–187.
  • Richmond S., Shaw W. C., Stephens C. D., Webb W. G., Roberts C. T. and Andrews M. (1993a) Orthodontics in the General Dental Service of England and Wales: a critical assessment of standards, British Dental Journal, 174, 315–327.
  • Richmond, S., Turbill, E. A. and Andrews, M. (1993b) Calibration of non-dental and dental personnel in the use of the PAR index, British Journal of Orthodontics, 20, 231–234.
  • Richmond, S., Roberts, C. T. and Andrews, M. (1994) Use of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in assessing the need for orthodontic treatment, British Journal of Orthodontics, 21, 175–184.
  • Shaw, W. C., Richmond, S. and O'Brien, K. D. (1991) Indices of orthodontic treatment need and treatment standards, British Dental Journal, 170, 107–110.

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