REFERENCES
- Alexander Laing, Lindores Abbey and its Burgh of Newburgh (Edinburgh, 1876), p. 70.
- According to the Scottish National Dictionary [SND] a 'yak' was 'An enclosure, generally built of stones or occasionally of wattle-work in an estuary or in a bay on the sea-shore, to trap fish, especially salmon, in nets or by hand, as the tide recedes.' Another definition in the SND informs us 'A yare is built of stones. . about four feet in height, and of considerable length, and stretches out into the river in the form of a crescent, or of three sides of a square; but to give it a probability of succeeding, it must proceed from a point of land, so as to enclose a bay.'
- Liber Sande Marie de Balmorinach (Abbotsford Club, 1841), p. 44, 'Carta piscarie de la Stoke.'
- J. Stuart (ed.), Records of the Priory of the Isle of May (Edinburgh, 1868), pp. 31–32. lam grateful to Mr J. J. Robertson of the Department of Law, University of Dundee, for translating the relevant Latin extract.
- `Sleples [Sleepless Inch] and Elpenslau [?], and Chingil [Shingle Bank] and Inchesiryth [Inchyra], within the bounds of the parish of Rind [Rhynd].' Laing, Lindores, p. 71, fin. 3.
- Liber S. Thome de Aberbrothoc (Bannatyne Club, 1848–56), p. II.
- A `cruive' according to the Concise Scots Dictionary [CSD] was 'a fish-trap in the form of an enclosure or row of stakes (orig of wicker, latterly chf of wood) across a river or estuary la 14c.' For an interesting and detailed description of cruives on the River Forth, see the Old Statistical Account [OSA] Culross (1793–96), 109–10.
- D. E. Easson (ed.), Charters of the Abbey of Coupar Angus, 2 vols (SHS, 1947), i, p. 179.
- 'Free passage by my land of Aithmuir. . . to his grange of Carse', ibid. Carsegrange lies north of Aithmuir and the direct route to the fisheries from the grange would lie through Hay's land.
- APS [Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland] i, p. 469, c.xi. The author has followed the pencil pagination in vol. i of the APS located in the law library of the University of Dundee.
- APS iii, p. 217, c.15.
- Sir Robert Sibbald, The History of Fife and Kinross (Cupar, 1803), p. 413.
- Alexander George Reid, The Annals of Auchterarder and Memorials of Strathearn (Crieff, 1899), p. 185.
- Thomas Hunter, Woods Forests and Estates of Perthshire (Perth, 1883), p. 43.
- Ibid.
- Graham Hunter Foundation Papers, NRA (Scot) 1398 [National Register of Archives] University of Dundee 2/33 (2).
- OSA XIV Kinfauns (1793), 266–67.
- Ibid.
- George Penny, Traditions of Perth (Perth, 1836), p. 237.
- See A. R. B. Haldane, The Great Fishmonger of the Tay:John Richardson of Perth & Pitfour (1760–1821). Abertay Historical Society Publications No. 21 (1981), p. 22. An etching of the Tay C. 1826 by David Octavius Hill (1802–70) shows salmon fishing by sweep-net and coble as well as three smacks moored off Elcho in the Kinfauns stretch of the river.
- Ibid.
- Penny, Traditions, p. 238.
- Jonathan Stansfeld, 'Notes on the History of the Storage and Transport of Salmon', The Salmon Net XIV (1981), 52. The salmon were boiled in pickle in a large copper kettle that hung on a swey over a fire. When ready, the fish were carefully lifted out of the boiling water and checked to see that they were free of sediment. They were then laid on coolers for twenty-four hours before being packed into kits which, after being headed up, were run full of brown vinegar through a bung-hole in the lid. A kettle could boil enough salmon at one time to make thirty kits, each kit containing 30 lb of boiled salmon, including the heads and tails of the fish.
- OSA XIV Kinfauns (1793), 266.
- Ibid., 267.
- Morison's Decisions of the Court of Session (1801–07), known as his Dictionary of decisions, was published in thirty-eight volumes. The Dictionary covers the period i 540–1808 and is continued to 1816 by Morison's Synopsis (1814-16?). With its appendices, supplements and synopses, it can be difficult to navigate and nowadays probably few Scots lawyers look further back than Morison for the older law reports.
- NSA [New Statistical Account] IV Balmerino (1838), 591.
- J. Headrick, A General View of the Agriculture of the County of Angus or Fod-arshire (1813), p. 107. The density of stake nets in the Tay estuary is clearly evident from John Bell's 'Plan of the Tay from Stonnontfield (above Perth) to the German Ocean' (1809). RHP. [Register House Plans] 4078.
- Sibbald, History of ffe, p. 413. Stake nets are still legal in the Solway Firth. They feature in Scott's historical novel Redgauntlet, set in the summer of 1765.
- Kinnoul v Hunter (1802), Mor. 14301.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Atholl v Maule 16 Faculty Collection 537 [Court of Session cases].
- Report from the Select Committee on the Salmon Fisheries of the United Kingdom, 17 June 1824, Mins. of Evid., p. 69.
- Ibid., p. 68.
- Ibid., p. 1
- NSA X Perth (1837), 93.
- Ibid.
- Ibid., Kinfauns (1843), 1220.
- Atholl v Wedderbum 5 S. 153.
- Contained in Proof p. 5 of Atholl v Wedderburn (1899), located in private archive of Joseph Johnston & Sons, Salmon Fishers, Montrose — NRA (Scot) 1828, bundle 4. See also Atholl v Wedderbum F. 651.
- Perthshire Courier 25 October 1860, p. 3.
- RWL/ 2t [Personal Tape Ref.]
- RWil 100.
- From February to September, fishermen can be seen fishing in the Nith with haaf-nets. This form of fishing requires good balance and strong muscles. The fishermen wade out into the channel with nets fixed to a long THE TAY AND EARN SALMON FISHERIES 31 wooden spar; when a salmon or sea trout swims into a net the fisherman flicks the net over the spar to trap the fish. See Werner Kissling, 'Tidal Nets of the Solway', Scottish Studies 2 (1958), 169–72.
- Lawrence Melville, The Fair Land of Gowrie (Coupar Angus, 1939), p. 42.
- sA 191987/122/B [Sound Archive of the School of Scottish Studies].
- SRO AF56/14.22. Report by Alexander Carmichael, 'Fishing Lodges on the Tay and Earn', ii May 1889. See also Dundee Advertiser 8 August 1889, p. 7.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Perthshire Courier 2 5 May 1875, p. 3.
- SRO AF56/14.22.
- Ibid.
- Annette Ratcliffe, 'Salmon Fishers' Bothies on the Tay Estuary' (B.Arch dissertation, Duncan ofJordanstone College, University of Dundee, 1989), p. 30.
- Ibid., p. 31. A press report remarks that the watchers were more disciplined in their habits than the salmon fishers, each of the men taking his turn to keep the lodge clean. Dundee Advertiser 8 August 1889, p. 7.
- Ratcliffe, 'Salmon Fishers' Bothies', p. 32.
- Town and Country Planning Plans: Perth and Kinross County'. A. K. Bell Library Archives, Perth. Refs. 52/329; 52/3891 54/450 and 55/472.
- D. B. Taylor (ed.), The Third Statistical Account XXVII (Coupar Angus, 1979), 54.
- Ibid.
- RWIII 19.
- RWL/122.
- There were formerly two lodges on Mugdrum Island serving the Abernethy and Kerwhip fishing stations. The island also used to have its own farm with farmhouse and steading. Nowadays it is uninhabited and the buildings have been demolished.
- SA19 87/ 122/B.
- RWL/102.
- ibid.
- Transcript of un-archived personal tape-recording with the late Tom Jarvis Jnr.
- RWL/102.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- SA19 87/ 122/A.
- AWL/10'.
- Transcript of the late Tom Jarvis Jnr.
- The term hailing does not appear to be found in any dictionary. It does however appear on a fishing dispute plan of the River Tay from Frankenstein to Balhepburn shewing the relative positions of the fishing stations by Alex. Mitchell, Perth (1840). RHP.3 585.
- Transcript of the late Tom Jarvis Jnr.
- Ibid.
- RWU O.
- SAI/ 191987/122/A.
- RWL/102.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Adrian N. L. Hodd, 'Agricultural Change in the Carse of Gowrie, 1750-1875' (Ph.D thesis, University of Dundee, 1974), p. 269.
- Ibid., p. 271.
- Bruce Walker et al., Thatches and Thatching Techniques. Historic Scodand Technical Advice Notes No. 4 (Edinburgh, 1996), p. 26.
- Beyond the reeds down to the edge of the pure mud there existed another belt of salt grass. This material, though not so tall as the reeds, according to Hodd formed 'a better and more lasting thatch and was sold for that purpose or were used on the stacks of the farms'. Hodd, Agric. Change in the Carse', p. 282.
- RWL/90.
- RWL/102.
- R.WL/19.
- Ibid.
- RWL/102.
- RWL/96.
- RWL/80.
- RWL/102.
- Transcript of the late Tom Jarvis Jnr.