The Rock Art Stability Index

References

• All, A. C., L. I. Huycke, and M. J. Fisher 2003 Instructional Tools for Nursing Education: Concept Maps. Nursing Education Perspective 24: 311–317.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antill, S. J., and H. A. Viles 1998 Deciphering the Impacts of Traffic on Stone Decay in Oxford: Some Preliminary Observations from Old Limestone Walk in Aspects of Stone Weathering Decay and Conservation, edited by M. S. Jones and W. D. Wakefield, pp. 28–42. Imperial College Press, London..
   Google Scholar
• Ashurst, J., and F. G. Dimes (editors) 1990 Conservation of Building and Deocrative Stone. Volumes land II. Butterworth & Heinemann, London..
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, T., A. Chalmers, M. Diaz-Andreu, P. Longhurst, G. Ellis, K. Sharpe, and I. Trinks 2005 3D Laser Scanning for Recording and Monitoring Rock Art Erosion. INORA 41: 25–29.
   Google Scholar
• Battiau Queney, Y. 1996 A Tentative Classification of Paleoweathering Formations Based on Geomorphological Criteria. Geomorphology 16:87–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benito, G., M. J. Machado, and C. Sancho 1993 Sandstone Weathering Processes Damaging Prehistoric Rock Paintings at the Albarracin Cultural Park, NE Spain. Environmental Geology 22: 71–79.
   Google Scholar
• Bergqvist, J. 2001 Foz 05a. http://www.w-heritage.org/RockCareweb/html/portugal2.pdf, accessed February 15,2005.
   Google Scholar
• Bertilsson, R. 2002 Rock Art at Risk. http://www.internationaLicomos.org/risk/2002/rock-art2002htm, (accessed March 8, 2005).
   Google Scholar
• Boivin, N., A. Brumm, H. Lewis, D. A. Robinson, and R. Korisettar 2007 Sensual, Material, and Technological Understanding: Exploring Prehistoric Soundscapes in South India. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 13: 267–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, I. A. 1991 Classification of Rock Weathering at Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 16:701–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerveny, N. V., R. I. Dorn, S. J. Gordon, and D. S. Whitley 2007 Welcome to RASI —Rock Art Stability Index. http://alliance.la.asu.edu/rockart/stabilityindex/RASIOverview.html, originally posted February 12, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Clottes, J. 1997 L'art Rupestre —Rock Art. A Universal Cultural Message. UNESCO, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Conca, J. L., and G. R. Rossman 1982 Case hardening of sandstone. Geology 10: 520–525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diakumaku, E., A. A. Gorbushina, W. E. Krumbein, L. Panina, and S. Soulcharjevski 1995 Black Fungi in Marble and Limestones—An Aesthetical, Chemical and Physical Problem for the Conservation of Monuments. The Science of the Total Environment 167: 295–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolanski, J. 1978 Silcrete Skins—Their Significance in Rock Art Weathering. In Conservation of Rock Art, edited by C. Pearson, pp. 32–36. ICCM, Sydney..
   Google Scholar
• Dorn, R. I. 1995 Digital Processing of Back-Scatter Electron Imagery: A Microscopic Approach to Quantifying Chemical Weathering. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107:725–741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorn, R. I. 1998 Rock Coatings. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Dorn, R. I., N. V. Cerveny, S. J. Gordon, and D. S. Whitley 2007 Atlas of Petroglyph Weathering Forms used in the Rock Art Stability Index (RASI). http://alliance.la.asu.edu/rockart/stabilityindex/RASIAtlas.html, originally posted April 1, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Duzgoren-Aydin, N.S., A. Aydin, and J. Malpas 2002 Re-Assessment of Chemical Weathering Indices: Case Study on Pyrodastic Rocks of Hong Kong. Engineering Geology 63: 99–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlen, J. 2002 Some Effects of Weathering on Joints in Granitic Rocks. Catena:91–109.
   Google Scholar
• Ehlen, J. 2005 Above the Weathering Front: Contrasting Approaches to the Study and Classification of Weathered Mantle. Geomorphology 67:7 —21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericson, K. 2004 Geomorphological Surfaces of Different Age and Origin in Granite Landscapes: An Evaluation of the Schmidt Hammer Test. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29:495–509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzner, B. 2002 Damage Diagnosis on Stone Monuments —In Situ Investigations and Laboratory Studies In Proceedings of the International Symposium of the Conservation of the Bangudae Petroglyph, May 7, 2002, Ulsan City, Korea, pp. 29–71. Stone Conservation Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul..
   Google Scholar
• Fitzner, B., and D. Heinrichs 2002 Damage Diagnosis on Stone Monuments —Weathering Forms, Damage Categories and Damage Indices In Understanding and Managing Stone Decay, Proceeding of the International Conference "Stone Weathering and Atmospheric Pollution Network (SWAPNET 2001), Charles University in Prague, pp. 11–56. Karolinum Press, Prague..
   Google Scholar
• Fitzner, B., K. Heinrichs, and D. LaBouchardiere 2004 The Bangudae Petroglyph in Ulsan, Korea: Studies on Weathering Damage and Risk Prognosis. Environmental Geology 46: 504–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, I. 2005 Service-Oriented Science. Science 308:814–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredell, A. 2000 Tanum and Valcomonica Summer. http://www.w-heritage.org/RockCare-web/html/valcamonicSum.pdf, accessed February 15,2005.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, S. J., and R. I. Dorn 2005 Localized Weathering: Implications for Theoretical and Applied Studies. Professional Geographer 57: 28–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, K., I. Meiklejohn, and J. Arocena 2007 The Thermal Response of Rock Art Pigments: Implications for Rock Art Weathering in Southern Africa. Geomorphology 91: 132–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harden, J. W. 1982 A Quantitative Index of Soil Development from Field Descriptions: Ex-ample from a Chronosequence in Central California. Geoderma 18:1–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays-Gilpin, K. A. 2004 Ambiguous Images: Gender and Rock Art. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek California.
   Google Scholar
• Hoerle, S. 2005 A Preliminary Study of the Weathering Activity at the Rock Art Site of Game Pass Shelter (Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa) in Relation to Its Conser-vation. South African Journal of Geology 108:297–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoerle, S. 2006 Rock Temperatures As Indicator of Weathering Processes Affecting Rock Art. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31:383–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoerle, S., and A. Salomon 2004 Microdimatic Data and Rock Art Conservation at Game Pass Shelter in the Kamberg Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. South African Journal of Science 100: 340–341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, L. L., and S. I. Hsieh 2005 Concept Maps As An Assessment Tool in a Nursing Course. Journal of Professional Nursing 21: 141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICOMOS 2000 International Scientific Committee on Rock Art. http://www.international.icomos.org/risk/isc-rockart200ahtm, accessed March 5, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Inkpen, R. J., D. Fontana, and P. Collier 2001 Mapping Decay: Integrating Scales of Weathering Within a GIS. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26: 885–900.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Paul Getty Trust 2003 Conservation of Rock Art. //www.getty.edu/conservation/education/rockart/, accessed July 9, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Keyser, J. D., M. Greer, and J. Greer 2005 Arminto Petroglyphs: Rock Art Damage Assessment and Management Considerations in Central Wyoming. Plains Anthropologist 50: 23–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster, N. 1988 Development of Linear Dunes in the Southwestern Kalahari, Southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 14:233–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2001 Brainstorming Images: Neuropsychology and Rock Art Research. In Hand book of Rock Art Research, edited by D. S. Whitley, pp. 332–357. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis-Williams, J. D. 2006 The Evolution of Theory, Method and Technique in Southern African Rock Art Research. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 13:343–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loendorf, L. 2001 Rock Art Recording In Handbook of Rock Art Research, edited by D. S. Whitley, pp. 55–79. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.
   Google Scholar
• MacEachren, A. M., M. Gahegan, and W. Pike 2004 Visualization for Constructing and Sharing Geo-Scientific Concepts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101: 5279–5286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinley, J. M., P. A. Warke, C. D. Lloyd, A. H. Ruffell, and B. J. Smith 2006 Geostatistical Analysis in Weathering Studies: Case Study for Stanton Moor Building Sandstone. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms journal. In press.
   Google Scholar
• Moropoulou, A., N. Kouloumbi, G. Haralampopoulos, A. Konstanti, and P. Michailidis 2003 Criteria and Methodology for the Evaluation of Conservation Interventions on Treated Porous Stone Susceptible to Salt Decay. Progress in Organic Coatings 48: 259–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moropoulou, A., K. Polikreti, V. Ruf, and G. Deodatis 2003 San Francisco Monastery, Quito, Equador: Characterisation of Building Materials, Damage Assessment and Conservation Considerations. Journal of Cultural Heritage 4: 101–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moropoulou, A., P. Theoulakis, and T. Chrysophakis 1995 Correlation between Stone Weathering and Environmental Factors in Marine Atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment 29: 895–903.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mottershead, D. N., B. Bailey, P. Collier, and R. J. Inkpen 2003 Identification and Quantification of Weathering by Plant Roots. Building and Environment 38: 1235–1241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novell, A. 2006 From a Paleolithic Art to Pleistocene Visual Cultures (Introduction to Two Special Issues on 'Advances in the Study of Pleistocene Imagery and Sym-bol Use'). Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 13:239–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oguichi, C. T. 2004 A Porosity-Related Diffusion Model of Weathering-Rind Development. Catena 58:65–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oleschko, K., J. Parrot, G. Ronquillo, S. Shoba, G. Stoops, and V. Marcelino 2004 Weathering: Towards a Fractal Quantifying. Mathematical Geology 36: 607–627.
   Google Scholar
• Palicki, K. 1997 A Graphical Method for the Classification of Rock and Weak Rock Masses Based on Field Observations. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 3(1):7–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradise, T. R. 2005 Petra Revisited: An Examination of Sandstone Weathering Research in Petra, Jordan. Geological Society of America Special Paper 390:39–49.
   Google Scholar
• Pineda, C. A., R. T. Martin, D. K. Hallbauer, L. Jacobson, V. M. Prozesky, and W. J. Przybylowicz 1997 Analysis of Patina Layers on Rock Artefacts from the Central Karoo and Southern Free State, South Africa. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Phys-ics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 130 (1–4):628–635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pininska, J., and H. R. Attia 2003 Use of Geomechanical Research in the Conservation of Stone Monuments (Maadi Town Temple, Fayoum, Egypt). Geological Quarterly 47: 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, G. A. 2000 Weathering of Petroglyphs: Direct Assessment and Implications for Dating Methods. Antiquity 74:833–843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, G. A., T. C. Meierding, and T. R. Paradise 2002 Geomorphology's Role in the Study of Weathering of Cultural Stone. Geo-morphology 47: 211–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, G. A., and R. Rubenstein 1999 Anthroweathering: Theoretical Framework and Case Study for Human-Impacted Weathering. Geoarchaeology 14: 247–264.
   Google Scholar
• Price, C. A. 1996 Stone Conservation. An Overview of Current Research. Getty Conservation Institute, Santa Monica.
   Google Scholar
• Price, D. G. 1993 A Suggested Method for the Classification of Rock Mass Weathering by a Ratings System. Quaternary Journal of Engineering Geology 26:69–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinsloo, L. C. 2007 Rock Hyraces: A Cause of San Rock Art Deterioration? Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 38:496–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramamurthy, T. 2004 A Geo-Engineering Classification for Rocks and Rock Masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 41:89–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvadori, B., V. Errico, M. Mauro, E. Melnik, and L. Dei 2003 Evaluation of Gypsum and Calcium Oxalates in Deteriorated Mural Paintings by Quantitative Ftir Spectroscopy. Spectroscopy Letters 36: 501–513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, R. K., and H. O. Gupta 1993 Dust Pollution at the Taj Mahal—A Case Study. In Conservation of Stone and Other Materials, edited by M.-J. Thiel, pp. 11–18. E & FN Spon, London..
   Google Scholar
• Siegesmund, A., A. Vollbrecht, and T. Weiss (editors) 2002 Natural Stone, Weathering Phenomena, Conservation Strategies and Case Strategies. Geological Society of America Special Publication 205, Denver.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, A., P. Clogg, M. Diaz-Andreu, and B. Larkman 2004 Towards Three-Dimensional Non-Invasive Recording of Incised Rock Art. Antiquity 78: 692–698.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B. J., A. V. Turkington, and J. M. Curran 2005 Urban Stone Decay: The Great Weathering Experiment? Geological Society of America Special Paper 390: 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, B. J., and P. A. Warke (editors) 1995 Processes of Urban Stone Decay. Proceedings of SWAPNET '95, Belfast, 19–20 May 1995. Donhead, London..
   Google Scholar
• Snow, D. R., M. Gahegan, C. L. Giles, K. G. Hirth, G. R. Milner, P. Mitra, and J. Z. Wang 2006 Cybertools and Archaeology. Science 311: 958–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souza-Egipsy, V., J. Wierzchos, C. Sancho, A. Belmonte, and C. Ascaso 2004 Role of Biological Soil Crust Cover in Bioweathering and Protection of Sandstones in a Semi-Arid Landscape (Torrollones de Gabarda, Huesca, Spain). Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29: 1651–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoddart, T., R. Abrams, E. Gasper, and D. Canaday 2000 Concept Maps As Assessment in Science Inquiry Learning —A Report of Methodology. International Journal of Science Education 22: 1221–1246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stretch, R. C., and H. A. Viles 2002 The Nature and Rate of Weathering by Lichens on Laval Flows on Lanzarote. Geomorphology 47: 87–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Striegel, M. F., E. B. Guin, K. Hallett, D. Sandoval, R. Swingle, K. Knox, F. Best, and S. Fornea 2003 Air Pollution, Coatings, and Cultural Resources. Progress in Organic Coatings 58: 281–288.
   Google Scholar
• Thomachot, C., and D. Jeannette 2004 Effects of Iron Black Varnish on Petrophysical Properties of Building Sandstone. Environmental Geology 47: 119–131.
   Google Scholar
• Topal, T. 2002 Quantification of Weathering Depths in Slightly Weathered Tuffs. Engineering Geology 42:632–641.
   Google Scholar
• Tratebas, A. M., N. Cerveny, and R. I. Dorn 2004 The Effects of Fire on Rock Art: Microscopic Evidence Reveals the Importance of Weathering Rinds. Physical Geography 25: 313–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudgill, S. T., H. A. Viles, R. J. Inkpen, C. A. Moses, W. Gosling, T. Yates, P. Collier, D. I. Smith, and R. U. Cooke 2001 Twenty-Year Weathering Remeasurement at St Paul's Cathedral, London.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26: 1129–1142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkington, A. V., and T. R. Paradise 2005 Sandstone Weathering: A Century of Research and Innovation. Geomorphology 67: 229–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkington, A. V., J. D. Phillips, and S. W. Campbell 2005 Weathering and Landscape Evolution. Geomorphology 67: 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urzì, C., G. Criseo, W. E. Krumbein, U. Wollenzien, and A. A. Gorbushina 1993 Are Colour Changes of Rocks Caused by Climate, Pollution, Biological Growth, Or by Interactions of the Three? In Conservation of Stone and Other Materials, edited by M.-J.Thiel, pp. 279–286. E & FN Spon, London..
   Google Scholar
• Van Grieken, R., F. Delalieux, and K. Gysels 1998 Cultural Heritage and the Environment. Pure and Applied Chemistry 70: 2327–2331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenabeele, P., H. G. M. Edwards, and L. Moens 2007 A Decade of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology. Chemical Reviews 107: 675–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varner, G. R. 2003 The Destruction of America's Cultural Resources. http://www.authorsden.com/visit/viewarticle.asp?AuthorID1215id10400, accessed March 8, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Vicini, S., E. Princi, E. Pedemonte, M. Lazzari, and O. Chiantore 2004 In Situ Polymerization of Unfluorinated and Fluorinated Acrylic Copolymers for the Conservation of Stone. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 91: 3202–3213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viles, H. A. 1995 Ecological Perspectives on Rock Surface Weathering: Towards a Concep-tual Model. Geomorphology 13:21–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viles, H. A., D. Camuffo, S. Fitz, B. Fitzner, O. Lindqvist, R. A. Livingston, P. V. Mara-vellaki, C. Sabbioni, and T. Warscheid 1997 Group Report: What Is the State of Our Knowledge of the Mechanisms of Deterioration and How Good Are Our Estimations of Rates of Deteriora-tion? In Report of the Dahlem Workshop on "Saving Our Architectural Heritage: the Conservation of Historic Stone Structures," Berlin, March 3–8, 1996, edited by N. S. Baer and R. Snethlage, pp. 95–112. Wiley, London..
   Google Scholar
• Viles, H. A., and A. S. Goudie 2004 Biofilms and Case Hardening on Sandstones from Al-Quawayra, Jordan. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29: 1473–1485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viles, H. A., and A. Pentacost 1994 Problems in Assessing the Weathering Action of Lichens With An Example of Epiliths on Sandstone In Rock Weathering and Landform Evolution, edited by D. A. Robinson and R. B. G. Williams, pp. 99–116. Wiley, Wichichester..
   Google Scholar
• Villa, N., R. I. Dorn, and J. Clark 1995 Fine Material in Rock Fractures: Aeolian Dust Or Weathering? In Desert Aeolian Processes, edited by V. Tchakerian, pp. 219–231. Chapman & Hall, London..
   Google Scholar
• Warke, P. A., J. M. Curran, A. V. Turkington, and B. J. Smith 2003 Condition Assessment for Building Stone Conservation: A Staging System Approach. Building and Environment 38: 1113–1123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasklewicz, T., D. Staley, H. Volker, and D. S. Whitley 2005 Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning: A New Method for Recording Rock Art. INORA 41: 16–25.
   Google Scholar
• West, D. C., J. K. Park, J. R. Pomeroy, and J. Sandoval 2002 Concept Mapping Assessment in Medical Education: A Comparison of Two Scoring Systems. Medical Education 36: 820–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. (editor) 2001 Handbook of Rock Art Research. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California..
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. 2005 Introduction to Rock Art Research. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, Califor-nia.
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S., and J. D. Keyser 2003 Faith in the Past: Debating an Archaeology of Religion. Antiquity 77: 385–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S., J. Simon, and J. Loubser 2006 The Carrizo Collapse: Art and Politics in the Past In A Festschrift Honor-ing the Contributions of California Archaeologist Jay von Werlhof, edited by R. L. Kaldenberg, pp. 199–208. Maturango Museum Publication 20, Ridgecrest.
   Google Scholar
• Winlder, E. M. 1994 Stone in Architecture. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
   Google Scholar
• Young, P. 1996 Pollution-Fueled "Biodeterioration" Threatens Historic Stone. Environmental Science and Technology 30:206A–208A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zezza, F. 1996 Decay Patterns of Weathered Stones in Marine Environments. In Origins, Mechanisms and Effects of Salt on Degradation of Monuments in Marine and Continental Environments. Proceedings European Commission Research Workshop, March 25–271995., edited by F. Zezza, pp. 99–130. vol. 4. Protection and Conservation of European Heritage, Bari, Italy.
   Google Scholar