Clinical Use and Tolerability of Voriconazole in the Treatment of Fungal Infections in Critically Ill Patients

References

• Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la SEMICYUC. Estudio Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecci6n Nosocomial en UCI (ENVIN-UCI). Informe de la evoluci6n de La incidencia y de las caracteristicas de las infecciones nosoco-miales adquiridas en Servicios de Medicina Intensiva (1994-2001). Madrid, Jarpyo Editores S.A.: Madrid, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez Lerma F, Palomar M, Le6n C, Olaechea P, Cerdá E, Bermejo B y Grupo de Estudio de Infecci6n Fitngica. Colonizaci6n y/o infecci6n por hongos en unidades de cuida-dos intensivos. Estudio multicentrico de 1.562 pacientes. Med Clin (Barc) 2003; 121: 161–166.
   Google Scholar
• Jorda R, Nolla J, León C, Le6n MA, Pontes MJ and EPCAN Group Project. An epidemiological study of fungal infections in ICU. A Spanish multicenter study. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26(Suppl 3): 234.
   Google Scholar
• Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Messer SA, Edmond MB, Wenzel RP. National surveillance of nosocomial blood stream infection due to species of Candida other than Candida albicans: fre-quency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibility in the SCOPE Program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 30: 121–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen MH, Peacock JE Jr, Morris AJ, et al. The changing face of candidemia: emergence of non-Candida albi-cans species and antifungal resistance. Am J Med 1996: 100: 617–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN, et al. International surveillance of bloodtream infections due to Candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to flucona-zole, ravuconazole and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 3254–3259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Lerma F, Palomar M, Le6n C, Olaechea P, Cerdá E, Bermejo B y Grupo de Estudio de Infecci6n Fitngica del GTEI-SEMICYUC. Indicaciones del tratamiento antifungico en pacientes ingresados en servicios de medicina intensiva. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2004; 22: 279–285.
   Google Scholar
• Bulpa PA, Dive AM, Garrino MG, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with invasive pul-monary aspergillosis: benefits of intensive care? Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 59–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wey SB, Mori M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Hospital-acquired candidemia. The attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 2642–2645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittet D, Tarara D, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial blood-stream infection in critically ill patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. JAMA 1994; 271: 1598–1601.
   Google Scholar
• Chandrasekar PH, Manavathu E. Voriconazole: a sec-ond-generation triazole. Drugs 2001; 37: 135–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman HL, Rathbun RCh. Review of the safety and efficacy of voriconazole. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2002; 11: 409–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ally R, Schürmann D, Kreisel W, et al. A Randomized, double-Blind, double dummy, multicenter trial of voriconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1447–1454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegener P, Troke PF, Fatkenheuer G, Diehl V, Ruhnke M. Treatment of fluconazole-resistant candidiasis with voriconazole in patients with AIDS. AIDS 1998; 12: 2227–2228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denning DW, Ribaud P, Milpied N, et al. Efficacy and safety of voriconazole in the treatment of acute invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2002: 34: 563–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy on invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med 2002; 8: 408–415.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh TJ, Pappas P, Winston DJ, et al. Voriconazole compared with liposomal amphotericin B for empirical anti-fungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent fever. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 225–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfect JR, Marr KA, Walsh TJ, et al. Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 1122–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Oude Lashof AM, Kullberg BJ, Rex JH. Voriconazole salvage treatment of invasive candidia-sis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22: 651–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 13: 818–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. Am J Infect Control 1988; 16: 128–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson MD, Kokki M. Therapeutic guidelines in systemic fungal infections. London, Current Medical Literature Ltd., 2001: 2-6.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Diseases Control 1993. Revised classifica-tion system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adult. MMWR 1992; 41 (RR-17):1-19.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, Sande MA. The Stanford Guide to antimicrobial therapy. 2004 (34th edition). Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc. USA 2004: 74.
   Google Scholar
• Mensa J, Gatell JM, Jimenez de Anta MT, Prats G, Dominguez-Gil A. Guia de terapêutica antimicrobiana (14 edici6n). Barcelona, Masson SA, 2004: 172.
   Google Scholar
• Gavaldá J, Ruiz I y Grupos de Estudio de Micologia Mêdica (MICOMED) y de Infecci6n en el transplante (GESI-TRA) de la Sociedad Espanola de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica (SEIMC). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2003; 21: 571–578.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sociedad Espanola de Medicina Intensiva, Critica y Unidades Coronarias, Sociedad Espanola de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia. Recomendaciones terapêuticas de la colo-nizaci6n/infecci6n fungica en el paciente critico no granuloci-topênico. 2005 (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Kullberg BJ, Pappas P, Ruhnke M, et al. Voriconazole compared with a strategy of amphotericin B followed by flu-conazole for treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients [Abstract]. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10: 41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarvis WR. Epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infec-tions, with emphasis on Candida species. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 1526–1530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolla J, Sitges A, León C, et al. Candidemia in non-neutropenic critically ill patients: analysis of prognostic factors and assessment of systemic antifungal therapy. Intensive Care Med 1997; 23: 23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollef MH. Hospital-acquired pneumonia and de-escala-tion of antimicrobial treatment. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 1473–1475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffken G, Niederman MS. Nosocomial pneumonia: the importance of a de-escalation strategy for antibiotic treat-ment of pneumonia in the ICU. Chest 2002; 122: 2183–2196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez Lerma F, Nolla Salas J, Le6n C, et al. Candiduria in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 1069–1076.
   Google Scholar
• Viudes A, Pemán J, Cant6n E, Lopez-Ribot J, Gobernado M. Actividad de las asociaciones de antiftingicos sistêmicos. Rev Esp Quimioterap 2001; 14: 30–39.
   Google Scholar